bossing (plumbers), mallets
1986 Edition

Overview of Scope for Wooden Bossing (Plumbers) Mallets

Scope Details:
This standard sets forth the specifications for wooden bossing and plumbers’ mallets, covering aspects such as materials, timber species, marking, dimensions, and workmanship.

Highlights:

• Permitted Timber Species (Appendix A):
  The list includes 28 types such as:

  • Acacia nilotica (Babul)
  • Dalbergia sissoo (Sissoo)
  • Tectona grandis (Teak)
  • Shorea robusta (Sal)
  • Terminalia alata (Laurel)

• Measurement Units (SI Units):

  • Length measured in metres (m)
  • Mass in kilograms (kg)
  • Force in newtons (N) where 1 N = 1 kg·m/s²
  • Pressure and stress in pascals (Pa) where 1 Pa = 1 N/m²

Fundamental Equations:

• Force:
  [ 1, \text{N} = 1, \text{kg} \times \frac{m}{s^2} ]

• Pressure/Stress:
  [ 1, \text{Pa} = \frac{1, \text{N}}{m^2} ]

Visual Representation: Timber Classification for Mallet Heads

graph TD
    A[Timber Species] --> B[Hardwood Varieties]
    A --> C[Softwood Varieties]
    B --> D[Teak (Tectona grandis)]
    B --> E[Sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo)]
    B --> F[Sal (Shorea robusta)]
    C --> G[White Cedar (Dysozylum malabaricum)]
    C --> H[Ebony (Diospyros spp.)]

This standard guarantees uniformity and quality in production by detailing the timber types and measurement units. For marking and dimensional specifics, consult Clause 3.1 and Appendix A.

Key References in IS 6676

• Timber Species (Appendix A):
  Contains a list of 28 botanical species including Acacia nilotica (babul), Dalbergia sissoo (sissoo), Tectona grandis (teak), etc., recommended for mallet heads.

• International System of Units (SI):
  Units adopted for consistency and clarity:

  Quantity	Unit	Symbol
  Length	metre	m
  Mass	kilogram	kg
  Time	second	s
  Force	newton	N (1 N = 1 kg·m/s²)
  Pressure/Stress	pascal	Pa (1 Pa = 1 N/m²)

• Definitions:
  Refer IS 707-1976 for timber terminology.

• Marking Guidelines:
  Detailed in Clause 3.1; IS 6676 was reaffirmed in 1995.

Sample Timber Species Table

SI Unit Formula Example

[ Force (N) = Mass (kg) \times Acceleration (m/s^2) ]

For more on definitions, marking, and timber species, see Clauses 2.1, 3.1, and Appendix A.

Important Definitions in IS 6676

• Reference Document: Definitions are aligned with IS 707:1976, which provides a glossary for timber and related products.

• Timber for Mallet Heads: Appendix A lists 28 approved species, including:

  • Acacia nilotica (babul)
  • Tectona grandis (teak)
  • Dalbergia sissoo (sissoo)
  • Shorea robusta (sal)
  • Chloroxylon swietenia (satinwood)

• Units: The standard employs SI units consistently:

  Quantity	Unit	Symbol
  Length	metre	m
  Force	newton	N = 1 kg·m/s²
  Pressure/Stress	pascal	Pa = 1 N/m²

• Rounding Off: Test results should be rounded according to IS 2:1960 standards, preserving the significant figures of the specified values.

Summary of Units

flowchart LR
    A[IS 6676 Definitions] --> B[IS 707:1976 Glossary]
    A --> C[Approved Timber Species]
    A --> D[SI Units]
    A --> E[Rounding Rules per IS 2:1960]

For detailed timber properties and test methodologies, refer to IS 707 and IS 2.

Material Specifications for Wooden Mallet Heads (IS 6676)

1. Approved Timber Species (Appendix A):
Mallet heads must be fabricated using durable hardwoods from the following species, among others (total 28):

• Acacia nilotica (Babul)
• Albizia lebbeck (Kokko)
• Chloroxylon swietenia (Satinwood)
• Dalbergia sissoo (Sissoo)
• Shorea robusta (Sal)
• Tectona grandis (Teak)
• Xylia xylocarpa (Irul)

2. Wedge Material (Clause 3.3):
Wedges used to secure handles should be from any timber species listed in Appendix A.

3. Units (SI System):

• Length in metres (m)
• Mass in kilograms (kg)
• Force in newtons (N), with 1 N = 1 kg·m/s²
• Pressure/stress in pascals (Pa), where 1 Pa = 1 N/m²

Sample Table: Timber Species for Mallet Heads

Notes:

• Consult IS 707-1976 for timber definitions and rounding conventions.
• Hardwood usage ensures strength and impact resistance.
• Wedge timber must match that of the mallet head for compatibility.

flowchart LR
    A[Mallet Head Timber] --> B{Select from Appendix A}
    B --> C[Approved Species List]
    A --> D[Wedge Timber]
    D --> C

This ensures material conformity with IS 6676.

Dimensional Specifications and Allowances (Clause 5, IS 6676)

• Handle to Head Fit:
  Maximum allowance of +3 mm for the handle where it fits into the mallet head.

• Other Dimensions:
  Permissible variation of ±2 mm.

• Head Tolerances:
  Normal manufacturing tolerances apply; no precise values are specified.

• Wedge Installation:
  Wedges must be inserted mechanically after slitting the head and pressing end 'A' into place; no adhesive is allowed.

• Dimensions Measurement Unit:
  All sizes are expressed in millimeters (mm) as per the code (refer to Fig. 1 for detailed dimensions).

• Workmanship (Clause 4.4):
  Immediately after fabrication, both handle and head should be dipped in raw linseed oil to minimize moisture variation and prevent surface fissures.

Dimensional Tolerances Summary

Timber Preferences

Appendix A lists preferred species such as Teak, Sal, Sissoo, Ebony, Satinwood, Babul, among others (28 total).

Additional Notes:

• Compliance with Fig. 1 (standard mallet dimension diagram) is mandatory.
• SI units must be adhered to.
• Wedge fixation is strictly mechanical without glue.

flowchart LR
    Handle -->|Insert Fit| Head
    Head -->|Slit for| Wedge
    Wedge -.->|No Adhesive| Head
    Handle & Head -->|Oil Dip| LinseedOil

These criteria assure precise dimensions and improved durability.

Workmanship and Finishing Guidelines (IS 6676)

1. Dimensional Allowances (Clause 5.2)

• Handle to Head Fit: Maximum tolerance of +3 mm.
• Other Dimension Points: ±2 mm.
• Head: Standard manufacturing tolerances apply.
• Wedge: Must be inserted without the use of adhesives; press end 'A' into the slit.

2. Timber for Mallet Heads (Appendix A)

Recommended species include:

• Acacia nilotica (Babul)
• Tectona grandis (Teak)
• Dalbergia sissoo (Sissoo)
• Chloroxylon swietenia (Satinwood)
• Shorea robusta (Sal)
• Additional species totaling 28 in the appendix.

3. Finishing Process (Clause 4.4)

• Immediately after production, immerse both the handle and head in raw linseed oil at ambient temperature to reduce moisture fluctuation and avoid surface cracking.

4. Marking (Clause 3.1)

• Markings must follow specifications outlined in Table 11.

Tolerance Summary Table

flowchart LR
    A[Production] --> B{Dip in Raw Linseed Oil}
    B --> C[Reduce Moisture Variation]
    B --> D[Prevent Cracking]
    A --> E[Handle Fit Check (+3 mm)]
    A --> F[Other Dimensions Check (±2 mm)]
    A --> G[Wedge Insertion Without Glue]

These methods ensure sturdy and dimensionally accurate mallets with a quality finish.

Quality Testing and Compliance (IS 6676)

1. Sampling and Conformity:

• Sampling protocols and acceptance criteria for mallets are governed by Appendix G of IS 620:1985.
• Test results must adhere to rounding conventions per IS 2:1960.

2. Timber Selection (Appendix A):

• Includes 28 species such as Acacia nilotica (babul), Dalbergia sissoo (sissoo), Tectona grandis (teak), and Shorea robusta (sal).
• Proper selection impacts mallet longevity and performance.

3. SI Units for Testing:

• Length (m), Mass (kg), Force (N), Stress/Pressure (Pa), Energy (Joule).

4. Testing Notes:

• Definitions per IS 707:1976.
• Representative samples must be tested for mechanical attributes.

Relevant SI Units for Testing

These testing protocols assure mallets meet durability and quality standards.

Treatment Instructions for Handles and Heads (IS 6676)

Clause 4.4 – Oil Treatment:

• Immediately after fabrication, both the mallet handle and head must be submerged in raw linseed oil at room temperature.
• This process:
  • Slows down moisture content changes
  • Prevents surface cracking

Common Timber Choices (Appendix A)

• Acacia nilotica (Babul)
• Dalbergia sissoo (Sissoo)
• Shorea robusta (Sal)
• Tectona grandis (Teak)
• Chloroxylon swietenia (Satinwood)

Units Summary

Process Flow Diagram

flowchart LR
    A[Manufacture of Handles & Heads] --> B[Immediate Dip in Raw Linseed Oil]
    B --> C[Moisture Change Retardation]
    B --> D[Surface Crack Prevention]

Proper oil treatment enhances the durability and functional performance of wooden mallets.

Packaging Requirements for Mallets (IS 6676)

Clause 9.1 – Packing Instructions

• Mallets must be firmly tied together.
• Packing material should be gunny cloth.
• Packed in manageable quantities for ease of handling during transportation.

Approved Timber Species (Appendix A)

Includes:

• Acacia nilotica (Babul)
• Tectona grandis (Teak)
• Dalbergia sissoo (Sissoo)
• Chloroxylon swietenia (Satinwood)
• And others from the 28 species list

Dimensional Allowances (Clause 5.2)

• Handle fit: +3 mm
• Other sections: ±2 mm
• Head: standard manufacturing tolerance
• Wedge: no gluing; press fit after slitting

Units Used

• Length in metres (m)
• Mass in kilograms (kg)
• Force in newtons (N = 1 kg·m/s²)
• Pressure/stress in pascals (Pa = 1 N/m²)

Packing Summary Table

flowchart LR
    A[Mallets] --> B[Securely Tied]
    B --> C[Wrapped in Gunny Cloth]
    C --> D[Grouped in Convenient Lots]
    D --> E[Ease of Handling During Transport]

For further details on workmanship and sampling, consult IS 620:1985 Appendix G.

Sampling Procedures and Compliance (IS 6676:1986)

• Sampling Methodology:
  Samples must be collected following the guidelines in Appendix G of IS 620:1985, ensuring representativeness of the batch.

• Compliance Requirements:
  Sampled mallets should fulfill the specifications in IS 6676 and IS 620; failure to conform requires rejection or re-sampling.

• Permitted Timber Species (Appendix A, Clause 3.1):
  Includes species like Acacia nilotica (babul), Dalbergia sissoo (sissoo), Tectona grandis (teak), Shorea robusta (sal), and 24 other approved species.

• Measurement Units:
  Use SI units as specified by IS standards (length in metres, mass in kilograms, force in newtons, stress in pascals).

Sampling and Compliance Summary

flowchart TD
    A[Batch of Mallets] --> B[Sample as per IS 620:1985 Appendix G]
    B --> C{Does Sample Comply?}
    C -->|Yes| D[Accept Batch]
    C -->|No| E[Reject or Re-sample]

Refer to IS 620:1985 Appendix G for exact sample sizes and acceptance criteria.

Marking Requirements for Wooden Mallets (IS 6676)

Clause 11.1 – Mandatory Markings:

• Each mallet should be clearly and permanently marked with:
  • Manufacturer’s name, initials, or recognized trademark
  • Year of manufacture

Clause 11.1.1 – ISI Certification Mark:

• Mallets may optionally carry the ISI mark, which indicates compliance with the standard through ISI’s inspection and quality assurance.
• The use of this mark is controlled under the Indian Standards Institution (Certification Marks) Act.

Timber Species (Clause 3.1 & Appendix A):

• Mallet heads are to be made from timber species enumerated in Appendix A, such as:
  • Acacia nilotica (Babul)
  • Dalbergia sissoo (Sissoo)
  • Shorea robusta (Sal)
  • Tectona grandis (Teak)
  • Others totaling 28 species

Marking Summary Table

Marking Process Flow

flowchart LR
    A[Mallet] --> B[Marking]
    B --> C[Manufacturer Identification]
    B --> D[Year of Manufacture]
    B --> E{ISI Certification Mark?}
    E -->|Yes| F[Apply ISI Mark]
    E -->|No| G[No ISI Mark Applied]

This system promotes traceability and compliance with Indian standards.

Timber Species and Specifications for Mallet Heads (IS 6676 Appendix A)

Specifications (Clauses 3.1 & 3.3):

• Authorized Species: Only timber listed in Appendix A is permitted for mallet heads.
• Moisture Content: Must not exceed 15%, ensuring well-seasoned wood.
• Grain Angle: Should be no greater than 1:20 to maintain strength.
• Quality Standards: Timber must be free from sapwood, pith, decay, insect damage, knots, cracks, splits, shakes, or any flaws that compromise durability.

Sample Approved Species

Refer to Appendix A in IS 6676 for the complete list.

Key Parameters Summary

Selection Flowchart

flowchart LR
    A[Choose Timber Species] --> B{Is it in Appendix A?}
    B -- Yes --> C[Verify Moisture ≤ 15%]
    C --> D[Check Grain Angle ≤ 1:20]
    D --> E{Any Defects?}
    E -- No --> F[Accept Timber for Mallet Head]
    E -- Yes --> G[Reject Timber]
    B -- No --> G

For full species listings and detailed manufacturing instructions, see Appendix A and related clauses in IS 6676.