Code of Basic Requirements for Water Supply, Drainage and Sanitation
1993 Edition

Scope (Clause 2.1)

• Defines basic requirements for water supply, drainage, and sanitation in various buildings.
• Refers to pertinent Indian Standards:
  • IS 2064:1993 for sanitary appliance selection and upkeep.
  • IS 4878:1986 governing cinema building construction byelaws.
  • IS 9668:1990 covering water supply for firefighting purposes.

Sanitary Fixture Tables (Clause 5.3)

Table 2: Office Buildings - Fixture Ratios

Table 3: Factories - Fixture Ratios

Notes:

• Water closets may be European or Indian style.
• For large populations exceeding 200, additional fixtures are calculated by the specified percentages.

Key Reference Standards (Clause 2.1)

• IS 2064:1993 – Practice code for sanitary appliance selection, installation, and maintenance.
• IS 4878:1986 – Byelaws related to cinema building construction.
• IS 9668:1990 – Practice code for water supply provisions for firefighting.

Sanitary Fixture Allocation (Clause 5.3)

For Factories

For Office Buildings

Reference Standards (Clause 2.1)

• IS 2064:1993 for sanitary appliance selection and upkeep.
• IS 4878:1986 covering cinema building regulations.
• IS 9668:1990 related to firefighting water supply.

Water Supply for Non-Residential Buildings (Clause 4.2)

• Minimum water supply quantities are outlined in Table 1 (refer IS 1172 for details).

Sanitary Fixtures for Office Buildings (Clause 5.3, Table 2)

Key Points:

• Water closets may be of European style.
• Urinals increase progressively beyond six male occupants.

Residential Water Supply (Clause 4.1)

Non-Residential Water Demand (Clause 4.2, Table 1)

Water Supply for Transport Terminals (Clause 6.2)

| Station Type | With Bathing Facilities (lpcd) | Without Bathing Facilities (lpcd) |\n|--------------------------------------------|-------------------------------|----------------------------------| | Intermediate stations (excluding mail/express stops) | 45 | 25 | | Junction/intermediate stations (mail/express stops) | 70 | 45 | | Terminal stations | 45 | 45 | | Airports (international & domestic) | 70 | 70 |

lpcd = litres per capita per day

Scope (Clause 1.1)

• Encompasses water supply, drainage, and sanitation standards for residential, commercial, industrial buildings, and public utilities such as railway platforms, bus stops, and airports.

Water Supply Minimums (Clause 4.2 & Table 1)

• Specifies minimum water quantities for non-residential buildings based on occupancy type.

Drainage and Fixture Requirements (Clause 5.3, Tables 2–12)

• Details types and minimum quantities of sanitary fixtures like water-closets, urinals, and wash basins.
• Covers wastewater disposal and drainage system design standards.

Example: Minimum Number of Water Closets

Formula to Calculate Fixture Numbers:

[ N_f = \frac{P}{R} ] Where:

• (N_f) = Number of fixtures required
• (P) = Number of occupants
• (R) = Number of occupants per fixture (from relevant tables)

flowchart LR
    A[Water Supply] --> B[Minimum Quantity per Occupant]
    A --> C[Occupancy Specific Demand]
    D[Drainage & Sanitation] --> E[Fixture Types]
    D --> F[Fixture Quantities]
    D --> G[Drainage System Design]

Refer IS 1172 Tables 1 to 12 for detailed fixture counts and specifications.

Water Supply Specifications (Clause 6.2, Table 6.1)

| Facility Type | With Bathing Facilities (lpcd) | Without Bathing Facilities (lpcd) |\n|------------------------------------|-------------------------------|----------------------------------| | Intermediate stations (excluding mail/express stops) | 45 | 25 | | Junction and intermediate stations (mail/express stops) | 70 | 45 | | Terminal stations | 45 | 45 | | Airports (international and domestic) | 70 | 70 |

• Water demand calculations should include average daily passengers, staff, and vendors.
• Account for peak seasonal passenger loads.

Sanitary Fixture Requirements (Clause 6.4.1, Table 6.4)

Important Notes

• These requirements are minimum standards.
• Facilities cover waiting areas; retiring rooms are excluded.
• Design must consider fluctuating user volumes.

flowchart TD
    A[Passenger Volume] --> B[Water Demand Calculation]
    B --> C{Bathing Facilities Present?}
    C -->|Yes| D[Use Higher lpcd Value]
    C -->|No| E[Use Lower lpcd Value]
    D & E --> F[Total Water Supply Requirement]
    F --> G[Design Sanitary Fixtures]
    G --> H[Assign WC and Urinal Counts]

Water Supply Quantities (Clause 4.1)

Minimum Fixture Requirements (Clause 5.2.1)

• One bathroom fitted with tap
• One water-closet (Indian style, squatting)
• One nahani or sink with tap

If there is only one water-closet, bathing and WC must be separate.

Water Demand Calculation

[ Q = P \times q ] Where:

• (Q) = Total water demand (litres/day)
• (P) = Population served
• (q) = Per capita water demand (from above table)

flowchart TD
    A[Population Size] --> B{Type of Water Supply}
    B -->|Standpost| C[40 lphd]
    B -->|House Connection| D[70–100 lphd]
    A --> E{Population Range}
    E -->|20k–100k| F[100–150 lphd]
    E -->|>100k| G[150–200 lphd]
    C & D & F & G --> H[LIG/EWS: 135 lphd]

Daily Water Consumption Rates (Table 1)

Notes

• Fire water demand must be considered as per IS 9668:1981.
• Water closets are generally Indian style (squatting) unless otherwise specified.
• Bath and water-closet must be separate if only one WC is provided.

flowchart TD
    A[Identify Building Type] --> B{Water Demand}
    B -->|Factory with Bath| C[45 l/head/day]
    B -->|Factory without Bath| D[30 l/head/day]
    B -->|Hospital ≤ 100 beds| E[340 l/head/day]
    B -->|Hospital > 100 beds| F[450 l/head/day]
    B -->|Nurses’ Home/Hostel| G[135 l/head/day]
    B -->|Hotel| H[180 l/head/day]
    B -->|Office| I[45 l/head/day]
    B -->|Restaurant| J[70 l/seat/day]
    B -->|Cinema/Theatre| K[15 l/seat/day]
    B -->|School (Day)| L[45 l/head/day]
    B -->|School (Boarding)| M[135 l/head/day]

Office Buildings (Table 2, Clause 5.3)

Factories (Table 3, Clause 5.3)

Residences (Clause 5.2.1)

• Minimum fixtures include:
  • One bathroom with tap
  • One water-closet (Indian style, squatting)
  • One nahani or sink with tap

Water Supply Requirements (Clause 3.2)

• Ensure adequate water volume and pressure for proper fixture operation under typical conditions.

Minimum Fixture Provision for Residences (Clause 5.2.1)

• At least:
  • One bathroom equipped with a tap
  • One Indian style (squatting) water-closet
  • One nahani or sink with tap

Note: If only one water-closet is provided, the bath and WC must be separate.

Water Consumption Rates (Table 1)

Fixture Requirements for Office Buildings (Clause 5.3)

Drainage Design Principles (Clause 6.3)

• Design drainage systems to prevent stagnation during peak discharge.
• Provide adequate slope and pipe dimensions to maintain self-cleansing velocity.
• Account for maximum flow from all fixtures.

Fixture Units and Pipe Sizing (Clause 5.3)

• Refer to Tables 2 through 12 for fixture counts, pipe sizing, and fixture unit values for different building types.

Minimum Water Supply (Clause 4.2)

• Use Table 1 for minimum water supply to estimate wastewater volumes affecting drainage sizing.

Typical Drainage Parameters:

Example: Fixture Units to Pipe Diameter

flowchart LR
    Fixtures --> FixtureUnits[Assign Fixture Units]
    FixtureUnits --> PipeSizing[Calculate Pipe Size]
    PipeSizing --> Slope[Apply Minimum Slope]
    Slope --> FlowCapacity[Verify Flow Capacity]
    FlowCapacity --> DrainageDesign[Complete System Design]

Summary: Use IS 1172 fixture unit tables and design drainage systems to handle peak flows with proper slopes and velocities to avoid stagnation.

Sanitary Fixture Requirements for Non-Residential Buildings (Clause 5.3)

Maintenance Reference Standards (Clause 2.1)

• IS 2064:1993 for sanitary appliance selection and upkeep.
• IS 9668:1990 covering water supply maintenance for firefighting.
• IS 4878:1986 related to cinema building byelaws.

Formula for Additional Water Closets (Factories Example)

• Males:
  • For 101–200 persons, add 3% per extra person.
  • Above 200 persons, add 2.5% per extra person.
• Females:
  • For 101–200 persons, add 5% per extra person.
  • Above 200 persons, add 4% per extra person.

flowchart TD
    A[Personnel Count] --> B{Building Type}
    B -->|Factory| C[Refer Table 3 for Fixture Counts]
    B -->|Office| D[Refer Table 2 for Fixture Counts]
    C --> E[Calculate Additional Fixtures]
    D --> E

Sanitary Fixture Allocation for Non-Residential Buildings (Clause 5.3)

Water Supply Standards (Table 1)

Residential Minimum Fixtures (Clause 5.2.1)

• One bathroom with tap
• One water-closet (Indian style)
• One nahani or sink with tap

Notes

• Water-closets are typically Indian style unless otherwise stated.
• Fire demand considerations as per IS 9668:1981.
• Ablution taps and urinals provided based on population thresholds.

flowchart LR
    A[Population] --> B{Building Type}
    B --> C[Fixture Provision Based on Clause 5.3]

Refuse Collection Arrangements (Clause 6.4.3)

• Provide refuse bins at accessible locations.
• Recommended number of bins based on population:
  • 15 bins for 400 persons
  • 20 bins for 600 persons
  • 25 bins for 1000 persons

Drainage Design (Clause 6.3)

• Ensure drainage is designed to prevent stagnation at peak discharge.
• Facilitate efficient sewage and wastewater flow.

Sanitary Fixtures for Factories (Clause 5.3, Table 3)

Additional Notes

• For populations over 200, fixture numbers increase as per specified percentages.
• Refuse bins and drainage must support hygienic conditions.

flowchart LR
  A[Population] --> B[Refuse Bins]
  B -->|15 bins per 400| C[Accessible Locations]
  B -->|20 bins per 600| C
  B -->|25 bins per 1000| C
  A --> D[Sanitary Fixtures]
  D --> E[Water-closets]
  D --> F[Urinals (Males)]
  D --> G[Ablution Taps]
  D --> H[Washing Taps]
  D --> I[Drinking Fountains]

Summary: Adequate refuse containers and properly designed drainage systems are essential to maintain hygiene, complemented by sanitary fixture provisions as per IS 1172.

Fixture and Sanitation Requirements for Non-Residential Buildings (Clause 5.3)

Factory Fixture Allocation (Clause 5.3)

• Water-closets increase with personnel count.
• Urinals similarly increase for males.
• Ablution taps: one per WC plus one tap per 50 persons nearby.
• Baths/showers provided as per occupational needs.

Reference Standards (Clause 2.1)

• IS 2064:1993 for sanitary appliance selection and maintenance.
• IS 4878:1986 for cinema building byelaws.
• IS 9668:1990 for water supply related to firefighting.

Formula for Calculating Water Closets in Offices:

[ \text{Number of WCs} = \lceil \frac{\text{Number of persons}}{25} \rceil \text{ (male)}, \quad \lceil \frac{\text{Number of persons}}{15} \rceil \text{ (female)} ]

flowchart TD
    A[Occupant Count] --> B{Building Type}
    B -->|Office| C[Calculate WC, Urinals, Taps]