logs for matches
1988 Edition

Overview of Scope and Primary Requirements

Scope:
Defines the specifications for timber logs and their treatment meant for match splint and box production.

Highlights:

• Preservation Treatments (Section 7.1):

  • Immediate application of preservatives and moisture protective coatings on freshly felled logs, focusing on ends and bark-exposed areas.
  • Compliance with IS 401-1982, IS 1141-1973, and IS 9104-1979 is mandatory.

• Log Examination (Section 5.1):

  • Rigorous inspection to identify defects before acceptance.

• Eligible Timber Species (Table 1):

  • Botanical and commercial names of suitable species listed.
  • Examples include:
    • Ailanthus species (Maharukh & Gokul) for splints only
    • Alstonia scholaris (Chatian) exclusively for splints
    • Canarium strictum (White Dhup) designated for boxes
    • Populus species (Poplar) for both splints and boxes

Species Suitability Summary

Contact Details for Standards and Clarifications:

• Manak Bhavan, New Delhi: +91-11-3310131, 3311375
• Regional offices located in major cities such as Kolkata, Mumbai, Bangalore, etc.

This section ensures proper species selection, preservation, and quality control tailored for match manufacturing per the standard.

Key Definitions and Standards Referenced

1. Terminology (Section 2.1):

   • Definitions of timber-related terms adhere to IS 707-1976.

2. Defect Inspection (Section 5.1):

   • Logs must undergo defect assessment and rejected if found unsuitable.

3. Approved Species for Match Production (Table 1, Section 3.1):

   • Lists suitable botanical and trade names for both splints and boxes.
   • Examples:
     • Splints: Ailanthus spp., Alstonia scholaris, Anthocephalus chinensis.
     • Boxes: Canarium strictum, Mangifera indica, Populus spp.
   • Markings: “x” denotes suitability, “-” denotes unsuitability.

4. Preservation Treatment (Section 7.1):

   • Application of treatments on log ends and exposed bark following IS 401-1982, IS 1141-1973, and IS 9104-1979 standards.

Summary Table: Species Suitability

Process Flow Diagram

flowchart TD
    A[Felling] --> B[Defect Inspection]
    B -->|Pass| C[Preservative Treatment]
    B -->|Fail| D[Reject Log]
    C --> E[Seasoning & Storage]
    E --> F[Match Manufacturing]

Refer to IS 707-1976 for definitions and IS 401, 1141, and 9104 for treatment protocols.

Timber Species for Match Splints and Boxes

Specifications (Section 3.1 & Table 1):

• Match logs must be sourced from species listed in Table 1 or mutually agreed upon.
• Suitability is indicated by:
  • “×” for approved use in splints
  • “×” for approved use in boxes
  • “-” for unsuitable application

Notable Species and Their Uses:

Notes:

• Logs require defect inspection (Section 5.1).
• Alternate species may be considered upon agreement.
• Refer to IS 707-1976 for timber terminology.

Species Selection Flow

flowchart TD
    A[Log for Match Use]
    A --> B{Species Listed in Table 1?}
    B -->|Yes| C[Assign for Splints or Boxes]
    B -->|No| D[Require Purchaser-Supplier Agreement]
    C --> E{For Splints?}
    E -->|Yes| F[Use Species Marked × for Splints]
    E -->|No| G[Use Species Marked × for Boxes]

This ensures the selection of appropriate timber species for manufacturing quality matches.

Summary of General Requirements

1. Wood Species (Section 3.1 & Table 1):

• Logs must be from specified species such as Ailanthus spp., Alstonia scholaris, Melia composite, Populus spp.
• Designations:
  • Splints: species marked as approved
  • Boxes: species marked as approved

2. Log Preservation (Section 7.1 & Table 7):

• Immediately post-felling, treat log ends and bark-exposed areas with preservatives and moisture barrier coatings.
• Adhere to standards IS 401-1982, IS 1141-1973, and IS 9104-1979.

3. Defect Examination (Section 5.1 & Table 5):

• Inspect logs for any defects; reject if non-compliant.

Reference Standards for Treatment

Quick Compliance Checklist

• Only use approved species.
• Apply preservation treatments immediately after felling.
• Conduct thorough defect inspections before acceptance.
• Follow preservation and seasoning standards strictly.

flowchart TD
    A[Felling] --> B[Treat Ends & Exposed Bark]
    B --> C[Preservative Application]
    B --> D[Moisture Barrier Application]
    C & D --> E[Defect Inspection]
    E --> F[Accept or Reject]

This process guarantees the timber's durability and quality for match production.

Inspection and Defect Limits

• Section 5.1: Logs must be checked for defects prior to usage.

• Allowed Defects (Sections 5.2 - 5.19): Some defects such as dote, rot, and cracks are permissible within defined limits.

• Specific Limits (Section 5.4):

  • Dote, rot, and cracks allowed if depth ≤ 12 mm.
  • If depth exceeds 12 mm, deduct girth by 6 times the maximum defect depth.

• Hollow Centers (Section 5.13):

  • Defects with hollow core diameter > 50 mm require length deduction equal to hollow length plus 30 cm.
  • Logs with plugged cores are rejected outright.

• Total Defects (Section 5.20):

  • Maximum of 4 defects per meter length allowed.

Defect Limits Summary

Defect Evaluation Workflow

flowchart TD
    A[Inspect Log] --> B{Are Defects Present?}
    B -- No --> C[Accept Log]
    B -- Yes --> D{Defect Type}
    D --> E[Dote/Rot/Cracks]
    D --> F[Hollow Center]
    D --> G[Plugged Center]
    E --> H{Penetration ≤ 12 mm?}
    H -- Yes --> I[Accept with Defect]
    H -- No --> J[Apply Girth Deduction]
    F --> K{Diameter ≤ 50 mm?}
    K -- Yes --> L[Accept with Defect]
    K -- No --> M[Apply Length Deduction]
    G --> N[Reject Log]

This ensures only sound timber is utilized in match production.

Classification and Dimension Measurement

1. Classification (Sections 6.1 & 2.5):

• Grade 1:

  • Mid-girth ≥ 90 cm
  • Length ≥ 2.5 m

• Grade 2:

  • Mid-girth ≥ 90 cm
  • Length from 1 m up to less than 2.5 m

2. Measurement (Section 6.2):

• Length measured in meters; rounded down to nearest 0.05 m.
• Girth measured in centimeters; rounded down to nearest 1 cm.

3. Defect Limit (Section 5.20):

• Maximum of 4 defects allowed per meter length.

Summary Table

This classification ensures that logs meet size and quality standards for match manufacturing.

Preservation of Match Manufacturing Logs (Section 7.1)

Core Requirements:

• Timing: Apply treatment promptly post-felling.
• Treatment Areas: Ends and exposed bark sections of logs.
• Treatment Methods:
  • Application of preservatives.
  • Moisture barrier coatings.
• Referenced Standards:
  • IS 401:1982 (Timber preservation)
  • IS 1141:1973 (Timber seasoning)
  • IS 9104:1979 (Storage and protection)

Special Clause (7.1.1): For species prone to blue stain fungi (e.g., Rubberwood, Semul), the entire log must be treated, not just exposed parts.

Treatment Workflow

Additional Notes

• Preservatives may include copper-based compounds, creosote, or others permitted by IS 401.
• Moisture barriers help reduce fungal infestation and moisture ingress.
• Logs must be inspected and treated as per defect findings.
• Defects such as blue stain are allowed up to 12 mm penetration; beyond that, deductions are required.

flowchart TD
    A[Felling] --> B[Treatment on Ends & Exposed Bark]
    B --> C{Species Susceptibility}
    C -->|High| D[Treat Entire Log]
    C -->|Low| E[Store per IS 9104]
    D --> E
    E --> F[Inspection and Quality Control]

Refer to IS 401:1982 for detailed preservative types and procedures.

Quality Control and Inspection Guidelines

1. Preservation (Section 7.1):

• Immediately after felling, preservative treatments and moisture barrier coatings must be applied to log ends and bark-exposed areas.
• Follow IS 401-1982, IS 1141-1973, and IS 9104-1979 standards.

2. Defect Assessment (Sections 5.1 & 5.20):

• Logs are examined for defects such as cracks, knots, and rot.
• Total defects must not exceed 4 per meter length.

3. Classification and Measurement:

• Logs are graded based on severity of defects and species suitability.
• Measurements follow the standard’s guidelines.

Defects Allowed Summary

Species Suitability (Excerpt)

flowchart TD
    A[Felling] --> B[Immediate Treatment]
    B --> C[Preservative & Moisture Barrier]
    C --> D[Defect Inspection]
    D --> E{Defects ≤ 4 per m?}
    E -- Yes --> F[Grading & Measurement]
    E -- No --> G[Reject Log]

Consult IS 1140 full text for detailed defect and grading criteria.

Packaging and Supply Protocols

1. Preservation Treatment (Section 7.1):

• Apply preservatives and moisture barriers on log ends and exposed bark immediately after felling.
• Follow IS 401, IS 1141, and IS 9104 standards.

2. Timber Species (Section 3.1, Table 1):

• Use logs from approved species designated for splints or boxes.
• Examples of splint-approved species:
  • Ailanthus spp. (Maharukh, Gokul)
  • Alstonia scholaris (Chatian)
  • Endospermum spp. (Bakota)
  • Melia composite (Malabar Neem)
  • Populus spp. (Poplar)
• Refer to Table 1 for box-suitable species.

3. Inspection (Section 5.1):

• Conduct defect inspections before acceptance.

Preservation Treatment Summary

Packaging and Supply Process

flowchart TD
    A[Felling] --> B[Treatment of Ends & Exposed Bark]
    B --> C[Apply Preservative & Moisture Barrier]
    C --> D[Defect Inspection]
    D --> E[Packaging and Dispatch]

For in-depth species selection and treatment details, refer to IS 1140 and cited standards.

Key Tables and Data Summary

1. Preservation (Section 7.1):

• Logs must be treated immediately after felling with preservatives and moisture barriers.
• Referenced standards:
  • IS 401:1982 (Timber preservation)
  • IS 1141:1973 (Seasoning)
  • IS 9104:1979 (Storage and protection)

2. Log Inspection (Section 5.1):

• Logs checked for defects and rejection criteria.
• Timber terms defined as per glossary.

3. Table 1: Species for Match Production (Section 3.1)

• ✓ indicates suitability; - indicates unsuitability.

Practical Points

• Timely preservation prevents decay and pest damage.
• Use species as per product requirements.
• Inspect logs carefully to ensure quality.

flowchart LR
    A[Felling] --> B[Preservative Treatment]
    B --> C[Moisture Barrier Application]
    C --> D[Storage & Protection]
    D --> E[Defect Inspection]
    E --> F[Selection for Match Production]
    F --> G[Manufacturing Process]

This annexure aids in maintaining quality control throughout the match log supply chain.