This code presents a uniform approach for quantifying steel and iron elements in construction and civil engineering projects across India. It covers precise classification, description, and measurement techniques for various components such as rolled sections, tubular frameworks, reinforcements, gates, and cast iron items. The guideline is vital for professionals like engineers, contractors, and quantity surveyors to ensure consistency and transparency in project measurements and payment settlements.
Overview
This code presents a uniform approach for quantifying steel and iron elements in construction and civil engineering projects across India. It covers precise classification, description, and measurement techniques for various components such as rolled sections, tubular frameworks, reinforcements, gates, and cast iron items. The guideline is vital for professionals like engineers, contractors, and quantity surveyors to ensure consistency and transparency in project measurements and payment settlements.
Audience
Contents
Structure
This section defines the boundaries for measuring steel and iron works in building and civil engineering projects, excluding roof coverings and various utility pipelines. It details additions to weight for accessories such as cleats and fasteners, along with conditions for deductions based on hole sizes. The measurement units vary by item type, including weight for tubular structures and square meters for sheet metalwork. Special notes cover additional items like bends, elbows, and cladding specifics.
This chapter lists pertinent Indian Standards used for determining steel material masses and classifications, such as IS 2062 and IS 432. It describes measurement methods for cast ironwork by mass, distinguishes unmachined and machine-turned items, and emphasizes the importance of specifying sheet metal attributes and connection methods. It also mentions related IS codes for roofing and pipelines.
General principles for measurement are outlined, including units for different steel items and conditions for incorporating accessory weights. Specific formulas for calculating steel weight based on volume and density are provided. The section also clarifies when deductions are warranted for holes and openings, supported by tables and flowcharts illustrating measurement categorization.
Detailed categorization of steel items is provided, encompassing rolled sections, girders, stanchions, trusses, cladding frames, staircases, plates, anchor bolts, and ornamental works. Measurement distinctions are made based on attachment methods: bolted, riveted, or welded. Guidelines for including accessory masses and special items like expanded metal are discussed.
Tubular steel elements are measured by total weight, including attachments like cleats and bolts. Hole and notch deductions apply only when areas exceed specified thresholds. The section references relevant IS codes for mass determination and specifies pipe characteristics such as diameter, thickness, and galvanization class. Weight calculation formulas for hollow circular tubes are also presented.
Cables and guy wires are quantified either by running length or weight, with mandatory specification of diameter. Classification by type (roller, rocker, sliding) is required. Accessory masses are included, and deductions for holes follow prescribed area limits. Weight estimation formulas and sample tables for steel wire rope weights per meter are included.
Steel reinforcement mass is calculated using standard formulas based on bar diameter and length, following Indian Standards like IS 1786. Measurements may be by weight or length as per contract terms. Binding wires are included within the reinforcement item and not measured separately. Expanded metal and welded mesh are measured by surface area, with deductions for large openings and consideration of laps and waste.
Cast iron flue pipes are measured in running meters with all cutting and waste included. Specifications must include diameter, sheet thickness, material type (black or galvanized), and galvanization class per IS 1239. Details on jointing and fixing methods are required. Accessory masses are added, while deductions apply for holes exceeding stated areas.
Expanded metal and weld mesh are measured based on surface area including laps, overlaps, and fixing methods. Openings larger than 0.2 square meters are deducted. Wire netting used as encasements is also measured with laps included. Steel sheet cladding requires specification of gauge, type, and connection method, with measurement in square meters.
Wire netting is measured in square meters with mesh size and wire gauge specified, including authorized laps. Plain or barbed wire fencing is measured in running meters per wire line with detailed description. Patent plain wire fencing and wire mattresses or nets are measured in square meters, including tying methods and laps where applicable.
Steel louvres are measured in square meters based on the effective opening area, excluding frame thickness. Rolling shutters and grills are measured by area, with width defined between guide channel backs and height from sill to hood center. Steel doors, windows, and ventilators are measured as fixed types. Gates for compound walls and railings include hangings and fastenings in their measurement.
Fasteners such as bolts, nuts, and washers are measured by their combined mass in kilograms, with detailed descriptions of type, size, and grade. Weighing methods involve calibrated scales, and measurements are used for payment and estimation. Relevant IS tables provide standard sizes and masses. Metal sheets are measured by area, not applicable to fasteners.
Cast iron components are measured by weight except perforated pipes, which are quantified by running meters. Classification distinguishes unmachined items like brackets and manhole covers from machine-turned products such as pulleys. Mass calculations use typical cast iron density. Metal sheet cladding is measured by surface area with necessary specification details.
Spiral staircases are enumerated by overall diameter, height, total treads and risers, central shafts with attachments, handrails, and balusters. Cast ironwork is classified for mass measurement. Special structures like tubular frames and cables are measured by weight or length, with deductions for openings above specified sizes.
Dimensions should be consistently recorded in the sequence length, width, and height/thickness. Measurements use the decimal system with lengths and breadths rounded to the nearest 0.001 m and reinforcement lengths to 0.005 m. Areas are calculated to three decimal places. Mass additions for accessories are included, with deductions for holes exceeding threshold areas. Tubular structures and cables have specific measurement units as per item type.
Frequently Asked
Under IS 1200 Part 8 (1993), steel sections used in building and civil engineering works are distinctly classified and measured based on their form and attachment method (bolted, riveted, welded). The categories include rolled sections fixed independently or with cleats, joists with stiffeners, compound and plate girders, lattice girders, stanchions, trusses, cladding frames, crane rails, staircases, plates with or without attachments, anchor bolts, framed works, ornamental items, and steelwork for hydraulic gates. Each category is measured separately, with suffixes indicating the connection type. Metal sheets such as cladding are measured by area with details on gauge and fixing.
Steel reinforcement is measured either by weight or length as specified in the contract, using precise decimal measurements. Bar mass calculations follow standardized formulas considering diameter and length, with binding wire included within the reinforcement item and not measured separately. Fabric reinforcement, such as meshes and strands, is measured in square meters including authorized laps. Expanded metal and welded meshwork are also measured by surface area with deductions for openings larger than 0.2 square meters.
Steel rolling shutters and grills are measured in square meters, where width is the distance between guide channel backs and height is from the sill to the hood center. Collapsible gates are also measured by area, including gate opening size, pickets, pivoted bars, and mesh size when fully extended. Gates for compound walls and railings are quantified by area or number of units, encompassing hangings, guide rails, and fastenings to ensure comprehensive measurement.
Protective coatings such as painting or hot dip galvanizing applied at the manufacturing stage are documented descriptively but are not included in the measured quantities for steel or ironwork. While steelwork is measured by weight or surface area depending on the item, protective treatments are treated as separate attributes to be noted but excluded from payment or estimation calculations.
Cast ironwork is measured by mass, except for perforated pipes which are measured in running meters. Cast iron items are classified as unmachined (e.g., brackets, manhole covers) or machine turned (e.g., pulleys). Spiral staircases are enumerated with details such as overall diameter, height, number of treads and risers, central shafts including base plates, and handrails with balusters. This classification and enumeration ensure precise measurement for fabrication and billing.
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