Method of measurement of building and civil engineering works, Part 23: piling
1988 Edition

Overview of Measurement Scope in IS 1200 Part 23

• Scope Definition: Details the standardized measurement procedure for steel sheet piling in civil and building works.
• Included Components:
  • Incorporation of formwork, links, and sleeves as outlined in Clause 10.3.
  • Inclusion of pile shoe provisions referenced in Clause 6.5.
• Measurement Protocols:
  • Final quantities must be rounded following the rounding principles in IS 2:1960.
  • The precision (significant digits) in rounded values must align with the specification.
• Referenced Standards:
  • IS 2:1960 for rounding rules.
  • IS 1200 Part 8 covering steel and iron works measurement.
  • Relevant steel sheet piling section specifications.

Measurement Highlights

Rounding Rules (IS 2:1960)

• Round final measurements to match the significant digits specified.
• Example: For a specified value of 12.3, round measured results to one decimal place.

flowchart LR
  M[Measurement] --> O[Observed/Calculated Value]
  O --> P{Apply IS 2:1960 Rounding}
  P --> Q[Match Precision with Standard]
  Q --> R[Final Measurement for Compliance]

This guarantees uniformity and clarity in measurement reporting under IS 1200 Part 23.

General Guidelines for Piling Measurement in IS 1200 Part 23

• Coverage: Establishes the method for measuring piling works.

• Rounding Instructions (Clause 2):

  • All measured or computed values must be rounded according to IS 2:1960.
  • The count of significant figures in rounded results should correspond with those in the standard's values.

Rounding Details (IS 2:1960)

Summary:

• Maintain precision consistency with the standard.
• Proper rounding ensures uniformity and compliance.

flowchart TD
  V[Measured/Computed Value] --> W{Verify Significant Figures}
  W -->|Consistent| X[Round per IS 2:1960]
  W -->|Inconsistent| Y[Adjust Precision to Match]
  X --> Z[Final Compliant Value]
  Y --> Z

This process assures accuracy and standardization in piling measurements.

Measurement Approach for Precast Reinforced Concrete Piles as per IS 1200 Part 23

Essential Details:

• Pile Description (Clauses 3.1 & 10.1):

  • Define concrete grade, pile cross-section dimensions, and length.
  • Include any enhanced strength at pile heads.
  • List components such as moulds, strapping, bolts, and lifting apertures.

• Bulb or Under-reamed Pile Measurement (Clause 7.6):

  • Bulb volumes are measured and counted separately.
  • Diameter of bulbs should be clearly documented.

• Load Testing (Clause 2.12):

  • When conducted, load tests must be specified and measured independently.

Typical Volume Calculation for Cylindrical Piles:

[ \text{Volume} = \pi \times \left(\frac{d}{2}\right)^2 \times L ]

• (d): Diameter of pile shaft (meters)
• (L): Length of pile (meters)

Bulb Volume (Assuming Spherical Bulbs):

[ V_{bulb} = \frac{4}{3} \pi \left(\frac{D}{2}\right)^3 ]

• (D): Diameter of bulb (meters)

Summary Table:

flowchart TD
  A[Precast Pile Details] --> B[Concrete Grade]
  A --> C[Cross-section & Length]
  A --> D[Extra Head Reinforcement]
  A --> E[Moulds, Strapping, Bolts, Lifting Holes]
  F[Bulb-based Pile] --> G[Measure Bulbs Separately]

Timber Pile Measurement Guidelines in IS 1200 Part 23

• Unit of Measure: Timber piles quantified in running metres (Clause 4.1).
• Length Measurement:
  • For lengths up to 5.0 meters: measure actual length.
  • For lengths exceeding 5.0 meters: measure the initial 5 meters plus subsequent portions in 1-meter increments.
• Diameter Determination:
  • Diameter is calculated based on the girth measured 2 meters below the pile’s larger end (Clause 4.1.1).
  • Formula: ( d = \frac{\text{Girth}}{\pi} ).
• Species and Dimensions: State timber species and pile size per Clause 4.1.
• Tolerance: Specify any allowable deviations in cross-sectional size.
• Concrete Lengthening: When concrete is applied to extend piles in position, measure concrete volume separately, including added labor and excavation (Clause 3.11).
• Extraction Measurement: Measuring removal of piles (excluding defective driving cases) is done separately in square metres (Clause 8.7).

Diameter Calculation Formula

[ \text{Diameter} = \frac{\text{Girth}}{\pi} ]

Summary Table

flowchart TD
  A[Start Measurement] --> B[Measure Girth 2m Below Large End]
  B --> C[Compute Diameter: Girth / π]
  C --> D[Assess Length]
  D --> E{Length ≤ 5m?}
  E -- Yes --> F[Use Actual Length]
  E -- No --> G[Measure Initial 5m + 1m Stages]
  F & G --> H[Record Timber Species & Size]
  H --> I{Concrete Lengthening?}
  I -- Yes --> J[Measure Concrete Volume Separately]
  I -- No --> K[Complete]

Timber Sheet Pile Measurement as per IS 1200 Part 23

Measurement Highlights:

• Units:

  • Quantified in running metres (Clauses 9.1, 4.1).
  • Timber species and cross-sectional dimensions must be specified.
  • Lengths exceeding 5 meters are recorded in 1-meter increments.

• Extraction Measurement:

  • Extraction, excluding cases of faulty driving, is measured separately in square metres (Clause 8.7).

• Driving Measurement:

  • Driving operations are measured in square metres.
  • Formula (Clause 9.3):

  [ \text{Area} = \text{Embedded Length} \times \frac{1}{2} \times \text{Perimeter of Cross-section} ]

Specifications Summary

Example Calculation

For a timber sheet pile with a 4 m embedded length and 0.6 m perimeter:

[ \text{Area} = 4 \times 0.5 \times 0.6 = 1.2 \text{ m}^2 ]

flowchart TD
  A[Timber Sheet Pile] --> B[Measure Length in Running Metres]
  B --> C{Length > 5m?}
  C -- Yes --> D[Record Extra Length in 1m Increments]
  C -- No --> E[Use Total Length]
  A --> F[Calculate Driving Area]
  F --> G[Area = Embedded Length × 0.5 × Perimeter]
  A --> H[Measure Extraction Area Separately]

IS 1200 Part 23: Measurement Procedures for Cast-in-Situ Driven Concrete Piles

Key Details:

• Measurement Basis (Clause 5.8):

  • Extraction measured in square metres as: Embedded length in soil × nominal pile width (center to center of clutches).
  • Includes associated activities such as lifting, handling, and removal.

• Load Testing (Clause 2.12):

  • Load tests, if applied, are separately measured and billed.

• Empty Boring (Clause 6.6):

  • Measured in running metres from working ground level to the pile cutoff level.
  • Type of bore filling (if any) must be specified.

• Under-reamed or Bulb Piles (Clause 7.6):

  • Bulbs are measured separately by diameter and enumerated.

Summary Table:

Measurement Flow Diagram

flowchart TD
  Start[Begin Pile Extraction] --> L[Measure Embedded Length (L)]
  L --> W[Measure Nominal Width (W)]
  W --> Area[Calculate Area = L × W]
  Area --> Ops[Include Lifting & Handling]
  Ops --> Final[Record Total Measurement]

Note: Use nominal width per design drawings; embedded length is actual soil penetration depth.

Guidelines for Measuring Reinforcement and Liners in IS 1200 Part 23

• Reinforcement Measurement (Clauses 3.5, 6.3, 10.4):

  • Reinforcement bars are measured separately from concrete.
  • Include bars projecting into pile caps.
  • Length measured along bar centerline.
  • Weight calculated using:

  [ \text{Steel weight (kg)} = \text{Length (m)} \times \text{Cross-sectional area (mm}^2) \times 7.85 \times 10^{-6} ]

• Bulb Measurements (Clause 7.6):

  • Bulbs in under-reamed piles measured by diameter and length.
  • Volume calculated as cylinder/frustum depending on shape.

• Reinforced Cement Concrete Sheet Piles (Clause 8):

  • Measure length, width, thickness.
  • Reinforcement detailed as per IS 1200 Part 8.

Steel Bar Weight Reference

flowchart TD
  Start[Begin Reinforcement Measurement] --> L[Measure Length Along Centerline]
  L --> D[Identify Bar Diameter]
  D --> W[Calculate Weight Using Formula]
  W --> Sum[Sum All Reinforcement]
  Sum --> Cap[Include Embedded Bars in Pile Cap]
  Cap --> Final[Finalize Reinforcement Quantity]

Summary: Accurate length measurement and weight computation using standard steel density ensures proper quantity estimation.

Measurement of Pile Driving, Handling, and Extraction as per IS 1200 Part 23

Key Points and Calculation:

• Measurement Unit: Square metres (m²).

• Area Calculation: [ \text{Area} = \text{Embedded Length} \times \frac{1}{2} \times \text{Perimeter of Pile Section} ]

• Embedded Length (L): From ground level where pile tip initially contacts soil to final tip depth after driving.

• Perimeter (P): For sheet piles, refer to IS 2314-1986 for exact cross-sectional perimeter.

Summary Table:

Additional Notes:

• Handling, transportation, and pitching are quantified per occurrence.
• Cutting and dressing of timber piles included within driving measurement.
• Consider interlocking of adjacent piles separately.

flowchart LR
  Start[Pile Tip Contacts Soil] --> L[Measure Embedded Length (L)]
  L --> P[Determine Perimeter (P) from IS 2314]
  P --> A[Calculate Area = L × (P/2)]
  A --> Record[Record Measurements for Driving, Handling, Extraction]

This approach standardizes measurement for billing and quality assurance.

Specialized Measurement Procedures for Sheet Pile Operations in IS 1200 Part 23

Key Points and Formulae:

• Embedded Sheet Pile Measurement (Clause 5.4): [ \text{Area (m}^2) = \text{Embedded Length (m)} \times \frac{1}{2} \times \text{Cross-section Perimeter (m)} ]

  • Embedded length is from ground level where pile tip first contacts soil to final driven tip level.
  • Perimeter values referenced from IS 2314-1986.

• Pile Joints (Clause 4.5):

  • All joints must be enumerated and described clearly.

• Under-reamed or Bulb Piles (Clause 7.6):

  • Bulbs are measured separately by count and diameter.

• Special Equipment Usage (Clause 8.4):

  • Piles driven underwater with special hammers or loaders are measured distinctly to account for additional resources.

Summary Table:

flowchart LR
  Start[Sheet Pile Driving] --> L[Measure Embedded Length]
  L --> P[Measure Perimeter (IS 2314)]
  P --> A[Calculate Area = Length × 0.5 × Perimeter]
  A --> S{Special Cases}
  S -->|Bulb Piles| B[Measure Bulbs Separately]
  S -->|Underwater Driving| U[Separate Measurement with Special Equipment]
  S -->|Joints| J[Enumerate and Describe Joints]

Note: Always consult IS 2314-1986 for sheet pile perimeter values.

Measurement Procedures for Bored Precast Concrete Piles as per IS 1200 Part 23

Key Clauses and Specifications:

• Empty Boring (Clause 6.6):

  • Measured in running metres from working ground level to pile cutoff level.
  • Specify type of filling material (e.g., bentonite, slurry) if applicable.

• Pile Extraction (Clause 9.7):

  • Extraction (except due to defective driving) is measured separately.

• Pile Description (Clause 10.1):

  • Include concrete grade, cross-sectional size, length, extra pile head strengthening, and details of moulds, strapping, bolts, and lifting holes.

• Load Testing (Clause 2.12):

  • When specified, load tests are measured and paid for independently.

Volume Calculation:

[ \text{Pile Volume} = \text{Cross-sectional Area} \times \text{Length} ]

• Cross-sectional area varies with pile shape (circular, square).
• Length measured from ground level to cutoff.

Measurement Summary:

flowchart TD
  Start[Working Ground Level] --> B[Measure Empty Boring Length]
  B --> P[Place Precast Pile]
  P --> L[Measure Pile Length to Cutoff]
  L --> D[Document Concrete Grade, Size, Extra Strength]
  D --> E[Measure Extraction if Applicable]
  E --> T[Conduct Load Testing if Specified]

Summary: Measure boring separately before pile placement, provide full pile description, and account for extraction and load tests individually.