This standard outlines the specifications for machine-pressed clay ridge and ceiling tiles used in construction, including their size, quality of materials, and performance benchmarks like water absorption and strength. It is mainly intended for producers, distributors, and quality assurance personnel ensuring these tiles meet Indian construction standards.
Overview
This standard outlines the specifications for machine-pressed clay ridge and ceiling tiles used in construction, including their size, quality of materials, and performance benchmarks like water absorption and strength. It is mainly intended for producers, distributors, and quality assurance personnel ensuring these tiles meet Indian construction standards.
Audience
Contents
Structure
This section defines the application of the specification to machine-pressed clay ridge and ceiling tiles used in roofing. Tiles are categorized into Class AA and Class A based on performance criteria. Ceiling tiles are available in two forms: double lug and single lug as depicted in referenced figures. Key specifications including water absorption limits and breaking strength values for these classes are tabulated. The formula for calculating breaking strength and rounding rules according to IS 2:1960 are also detailed to ensure consistency in reporting.
This part lists essential reference tables and clauses that outline the classification of tiles, their types, and measurement methods. It restates the calculation of breaking strength and emphasizes adherence to IS 2:1960 for rounding off numerical test results. Visual diagrams illustrate tile types for clarity. Users are advised to consult the latest BIS publications for any updates.
Definitions relevant to clay ridge and ceiling tiles are consolidated here, referencing IS 2248:1991 for roofing tile terminologies. Details on the two types of ceiling tiles—double lug and single lug—are provided along with their dimensional parameters. The classification criteria with corresponding water absorption and breaking strength values are restated. Instructions for calculating breaking strength and applying dimensional tolerances are included.
This section explains the categorization of ridge and ceiling tiles into Class AA (superior quality) and Class A (standard quality). It specifies the maximum allowable water absorption and minimum breaking strength for each class. Types of ceiling tiles are described with their respective illustrations. The importance of dimensional compliance and rounding off test results as per IS 2:1960 is reiterated to maintain uniformity.
The standard details the material quality criteria for ridge and ceiling tiles, emphasizing the use of well-burnt clay with uniform properties. Water absorption limits and breaking strength thresholds are specified for both classes. Guidelines for testing procedures and dimension measurements are outlined, including the calculation method for breaking strength. This ensures tiles meet durability and performance expectations.
Specifications for ridge tile dimensions such as length, base width, triangle height, and minimum thickness are detailed with allowable tolerances. Ceiling tiles are categorized into double and single lug types with dimensional labels for length and width. Key performance indicators like water absorption and breaking strength values relevant to each class are summarized. The section highlights the necessity for tiles to be free from visible impurities and to exhibit soundness when struck.
This part outlines the standardized sampling protocol to obtain representative tile specimens, emphasizing proper packaging and handling to prevent damage. Responsibilities of manufacturers and suppliers in providing resources for sampling and ensuring unambiguous marking for identification are defined. The marking must include batch number and manufacturing details. Instructions for rounding test results according to IS 2:1960 are also included to ensure consistency.
Procedures for managing tiles that fail compliance tests are explained. If any tile in the initial sample does not meet the prescribed standards, a second sample must be tested. Failure in the second batch results in rejection of the entire lot. Specifications for water absorption and breaking strength tests are reiterated alongside rounding rules for test data. A flowchart illustrating the acceptance and rejection process is provided.
Manufacturers are required to ensure that all tiles conform to the standard's criteria and, upon request, issue a Certificate of Compliance verifying adherence to tests and specifications. The section highlights key test values for water absorption and breaking strength for both tile classes and reiterates the classification of ceiling tiles. It also underscores the testing protocol for sample acceptance and rejection, including rounding off data in accordance with IS 2:1960.
Each tile must be clearly and permanently marked with the manufacturer's identification within a marking area not exceeding 5% of the tile surface. Optionally, tiles may bear the BIS Standard Mark indicating conformity with quality standards. The formula for calculating breaking strength is restated. The section ensures traceability and quality assurance through proper marking.
This annex describes the procedure to determine water absorption of clay tiles. Six samples are oven-dried at 105 ± 2°C to constant weight, weighed dry, immersed in water at 24 to 30°C for 24 hours, then surface dried and weighed promptly within 3 minutes. The percentage water absorption is calculated from the weight difference expressed as a percentage of the dry weight. Average values are reported to assess tile durability.
Describes the test setup for evaluating the breaking strength of ridge tiles. Six tiles soaked for 24 hours are placed on two longitudinal rubber strips and loaded centrally on the ridge using a wooden block lined with rubber. The load is applied uniformly at 270 kg/min until failure occurs. Breaking strength is calculated by dividing the breaking load by the tile length, with average results reported in N/mm. Dimensions and tolerances for ridge tiles are also restated.
Frequently Asked
According to the standard, ridge tiles have specified lengths of 375 mm, 400 mm, or 435 mm with a tolerance of ±5 mm. The triangular cross-section dimensions include a base width of 265 mm ±5 mm and a height of 100 mm ±5 mm. The minimum thickness throughout the tile is 10 mm, excluding decorative features. For ceiling tiles, the maximum permissible corner gap when placed on a flat surface is 6.0 mm. These tolerances ensure proper fitting and interlocking of the tiles.
Clay tiles should be manufactured from well-burnt clay free of impurities to guarantee durability and resistance to weather conditions. The manufacturing process involves uniform molding and firing to maintain consistent shape and strength. Tiles must exhibit water absorption below 15% by weight to reduce porosity and meet minimum breaking strength values to withstand mechanical stresses. Dimensions should align with related standards for compatibility, and tiles must be free from cracks or warping. Testing for water absorption, breaking load, and dimensional accuracy is mandatory to confirm quality.
Water absorption testing involves drying six tile samples in an oven at 105 ± 2°C until constant weight is achieved, then weighing them dry. The tiles are immersed in clean water maintained at 24 to 30°C for 24 hours. After immersion, surface water is wiped off, and tiles are weighed within three minutes. The percentage of water absorption is calculated as the weight gain relative to the dry weight. While the standard does not specify exact limits here, typically, water absorption should be below 20% to ensure tile durability and frost resistance.
Ridge tiles must be tested by soaking six samples in water for 24 hours and then loading them in a wet condition. The tiles rest on two 25 mm thick rubber strips placed along the edges, and a uniformly applied load is exerted on the ridge using a wooden block lined with rubber at a rate of 270 kg/min until failure. Breaking strength is calculated by dividing the breaking load in Newtons by the tile's length in millimeters. The average breaking strength must meet minimum values specified for Class AA and Class A tiles, ensuring sufficient flexural strength.
If any tile in the initial sample fails to satisfy the standard tests, a second sample of the same size is drawn and evaluated. Should any tiles in the second sample also fail, the entire lot is rejected. Sampling involves selecting a minimum of six tiles per 5,000 units or 12 per lot. Manufacturers must ensure compliance and may provide a certificate of conformity upon request. This two-step testing process ensures quality control before lot acceptance or rejection.
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