Safety code for construction involving the use of hot bituminous materials
1970 Edition

The recommended vessels for heating bituminous materials include tanks, vats, kettles, pots, or drums that are heat-resistant and capable of withstanding transportation without damage or deformation. These containers must be leak-proof, have secure close-fitting lids to smother fires and prevent rain ingress, and be equipped with controllable outlets for dispensing hot bitumen or tar. Boilers used should ensure uniform heat distribution to avoid overheating, ideally fitted with stirring mechanisms for mixtures containing mineral aggregates. Anti-foaming devices or agents should be employed to prevent foam formation that could reach burners and cause fires. Initial heating at low temperatures is advised to evaporate trapped moisture, thereby reducing fire risks.

According to the safety code, workers handling hot bitumen must wear protective gear including gloves and boots made preferably from asbestos or rubber to resist heat and prevent burns. Eye protection in the form of goggles is mandatory to shield against splashes and fumes. Helmets should be used to protect the head, and appropriate protective clothing must be worn to cover exposed body areas. Full compliance with these equipment requirements is essential to ensure safety during handling operations.

Fire safety management requires that in enclosed spaces where bituminous materials are heated, adequate dry powder or foam extinguishers compliant with IS standards be maintained and readily accessible. In open areas, provisions should be made for sufficient clean dry sand or loose earth to control fires, and when these are unavailable, an ample water supply with spray application capability must be ensured. Personnel must use full personal protective equipment including gloves, boots, goggles, helmets, and protective apparel. Strict adherence to these protocols helps mitigate fire hazards effectively.

The standard mandates that bitumen and tar should not be heated beyond the manufacturer's recommended temperature limits to prevent degradation or fire hazards. Although exact values are not specified in the code, common industry practice suggests heating bitumen between 150°C and 180°C, and tar between 120°C and 160°C. Heating must be performed only in boilers that conform to applicable IS standards, not in open containers. To prevent foaming-related fire risks, anti-foaming agents should be used or initial heating should be done at low temperatures until all moisture evaporates.

When cleaning tanks or equipment contaminated with bituminous materials, workers must use appropriate protective gear including heat-resistant gloves, boots, goggles, helmets, and protective clothing to prevent burns and injuries. Containers and tools must be inspected for integrity and safety before use to avoid accidental spillage. Extreme caution should be exercised during handling to prevent spills. Suitable cleaning tools that minimize direct contact with hot bitumen are recommended, and the work environment must be well-ventilated to avoid inhaling harmful fumes. Adhering to these measures ensures safe and effective cleaning operations.