Bitumen-based felts - Method of the test, Part 4: Pressure head test
1993 Edition

Overview of IS 13826 Part 4 Scope and Testing

Scope Details:

• Relevant for bitumen-based waterproofing and damp-proofing felts.
• Terminology as defined in IS 4911:1986 is applicable.
• Sample conditioning involves:
  • Heating at 65 ± 2°C for 3 hours
  • Cooling at 5°C or below for 3 hours
• Testing applies a constant 300 mm water column pressure for 60 minutes to identify leakage.

Testing Conditions & Acceptance Criteria (Clause 5.2)

Rounding Instructions

• Numerical values must be rounded following IS 2:1960, preserving the specified significant figures.

Reference Standards

• Use IS 4911:1986 for all relevant waterproofing-related definitions.

flowchart LR
    SamplePrep[Sample Preparation] --> Conditioning{Conditioning Type}
    Conditioning --> Hot[Hot: 65 ± 2°C for 3 hr]
    Conditioning --> Cold[Cold: ≤ 5°C for 3 hr]
    Hot & Cold --> Pressure[Apply 300 mm Water Column Pressure]
    Pressure --> LeakageCheck[Monitor for Leakage - 1 hour]
    LeakageCheck --> Pass[No Leakage - Pass]
    LeakageCheck --> Fail[Leakage Detected - Fail]

This section summarizes the coverage, specimen conditioning, testing, and rounding protocols as per IS 13826 Part 4.

Essential References in IS 13826 Part 4

• Numerical Rounding (Clause unspecified): Final measurements and analyses should conform to rounding rules stated in IS 2:1960, maintaining the original significant digits.

• Specimen Conditioning (Clause 5.2):

  Conditioning Type	Temperature	Duration	Test Condition
  Hot Conditioning	65 ± 2°C	3 hours	Tested under 300 mm water pressure for 1 hour
  Cold Conditioning	≤ 5°C	3 hours	Tested immediately under same pressure

• Reporting Essentials:

  • Testing date
  • Conditioning method
  • Leakage observations

• Terminology Reference: All terms adhere to definitions in IS 4911:1986.

Summary Table: Conditioning & Testing Parameters

Notes:

• Rounding of test outcomes must comply with IS 2:1960.
• IS 4911:1986 provides critical terminology.
• Conditioning procedures simulate performance under temperature extremes.

flowchart TD
    TestPieces[Test Specimens] --> Conditioning{Conditioning Type}
    Conditioning --> HotCond[65 ± 2°C for 3 hours]
    Conditioning --> ColdCond[≤ 5°C for 3 hours]
    HotCond & ColdCond --> Testing[Apply 300 mm Water Pressure]
    Testing --> LeakageCheck[Observe Leakage for 1 hour]
    LeakageCheck --> Reporting[Report: Date, Conditioning, Leakage]

For comprehensive testing procedures and quality assurance, consult the complete standard and associated IS codes.

Definitions Referenced in IS 13826 Part 4

• Source of Definitions: As per Clause 3.0, all terminology adheres to IS 4911:1986, the glossary for bituminous waterproofing and damp-proofing terms.

• Rounding of Numerical Data: Test results and calculations should be rounded according to IS 2:1960, preserving the number of significant figures indicated.

Summary Table

Additional Details

• Conditioning Protocol:
  • Three specimens conditioned at 65 ± 2°C for 3 hours.
  • Three specimens conditioned at 5°C or below for 3 hours.
  • Testing under 300 mm water pressure for 1 hour with leakage monitoring.

Visual Representation of Conditioning Process

flowchart LR
    Specimens[Test Specimens] --> HotCondition[Condition at 65 ± 2°C for 3 hours]
    Specimens --> ColdCondition[Condition at ≤ 5°C for 3 hours]
    HotCondition & ColdCondition --> PressureTest[Apply 300 mm Water Pressure Head]
    PressureTest --> ObserveLeakage[Observe Leakage for 1 Hour]

Refer to IS 4911:1986 for detailed terminology.

IS 13826 Part 4: Equipment for Pressure Head Testing

• Specimen Dimensions: Circular samples with a diameter of 200 mm.
• Applied Pressure: Constant water column height maintained at 300 mm.
• Setup Configuration: According to Fig. 1, the circular specimen is mounted and subjected to the water pressure head.
• Specimen Conditioning:
  • Three specimens conditioned at 65 ± 2°C for 3 hours.
  • Three specimens conditioned at 5°C or lower for 3 hours, tested immediately thereafter.
• Test Duration: Each specimen is exposed to the constant pressure for 1 hour with periodic leakage checks.
• Reporting Requirements: Include test date, conditioning type, and leakage observations.
• Rounding Guidance: Apply rounding rules from IS 2:1960 to maintain consistency in numerical data.

Hydrostatic Pressure Calculation:

The pressure ( P ) exerted by a water column of height ( h ) is calculated by:

[ P = \rho \times g \times h ]

Where:

• ( \rho = 1000 , kg/m^3 ) (water density),
• ( g = 9.81 , m/s^2 ) (gravitational acceleration),
• ( h = 0.3 , m ) (300 mm water column height).

Calculation:

[ P = 1000 \times 9.81 \times 0.3 = 2943 , Pa \approx 2.94 , kPa ]

Simplified Apparatus Diagram

flowchart TB
    Reservoir[Water Reservoir] --> Column[300 mm Water Column]
    Column --> Holder[Specimen Holder (200 mm diameter)]
    Holder --> Drain[Outlet/Drain]
    style Holder fill:#add8e6,stroke:#000,stroke-width:2px

This configuration guarantees a steady hydrostatic pressure of 300 mm on the specimen for leakage evaluation.

Guidelines for Preparing and Conditioning Test Samples (IS 13826 Part 4)

Clause 5.1: Specimen Preparation

• Cut 6 circular specimens, each having a minimum diameter of 200 mm.
• Ensure the specimen extends beyond the clamping plate when fixed to allow proper sealing.

Clause 5.2: Thermal Conditioning

• After conditioning, expose each specimen to a constant 300 mm water pressure head.
• Monitor for leakage intermittently over a duration of 1 hour.

Reporting Must Include:

• Date on which tests were performed
• Type of conditioning applied
• Leakage observations

Conditioning Summary Table

flowchart LR
    Start[Cut 6 specimens (≥200 mm)] --> Conditioning{Conditioning Type}
    Conditioning --> Hot[3 specimens at 65 ± 2°C for 3h]
    Conditioning --> Cold[3 specimens at ≤ 5°C for 3h]
    Hot & Cold --> Testing[Apply 300 mm pressure head]
    Testing --> Observation[Observe for leakage for 1 hour]
    Observation --> Reporting[Document date, conditioning, observations]

This procedure ensures consistent specimen preparation and reliable waterproofing performance assessment.

IS 13826 Part 4: Pressure Head Test Procedure Overview

• Specimen: Circular bitumen felt sample, diameter fixed at 200 mm.
• Test Setup: Specimen is subjected to a steady water pressure head of 300 mm.
• Objective: Assess resistance of bitumen felts against water penetration under defined pressure.
• Equipment Configuration: Following Fig. 1, mounting of the circular sample and application of water column pressure.
• Rounding of Results: Final readings must be rounded according to IS 2:1960, preserving the significant digits.

Test Parameters

Stepwise Procedure

1. Securely fix the 200 mm diameter felt specimen in the apparatus.
2. Apply a water pressure head of 300 mm.
3. Observe for any water leakage.
4. Record the observations and round values per IS 2:1960.

flowchart LR
    SpecimenPrep[Prepare 200 mm Felt Sample] --> Mount[Mount in Test Apparatus]
    Mount --> ApplyPressure[Apply 300 mm Water Head]
    ApplyPressure --> Observe[Check for Leakage]
    Observe --> Record[Document Results]
    Record --> Round[Round Off per IS 2:1960]

This method confirms compliance with waterproofing requirements for bitumen felts.

Key Points on Observing and Reporting Test Results (IS 13826 Part 4)

Rounding of Test Outcomes (IS 2:1960):

• All final numerical results should be rounded according to the guidelines in IS 2:1960.
• The number of significant figures must remain consistent with what is prescribed.

Specimen Conditioning (Clause 5.2):

• Each specimen is exposed to a constant 300 mm water pressure head.
• Leakage is monitored intermittently over a 1-hour period.

Reporting Must Include:

• Date of testing
• Conditioning method (hot or cold)
• Leakage or failure observations

Summary of Test Setup

• Circular specimen diameter: 200 mm
• Constant pressure head: 300 mm water column

flowchart LR
    Specimen[Specimen (Ø 200 mm)] --> Pressure[Constant Water Pressure Head (300 mm)]
    Pressure --> Monitor[Leakage Monitoring (1 hour)]
    Monitor --> Decision{Leakage Observed?}
    Decision -- Yes --> RecordLeakage[Record Leakage Details]
    Decision -- No --> PassResult[Pass Test]

This standardized observation and reporting framework ensures clarity and uniformity in assessing waterproofing felts.

IS 13826 Part 4: Precision and Interpretation of Test Outcomes

Important Aspects:

• Rounding Rules (IS 2:1960): All test results or analytical data should be rounded maintaining the same number of significant digits as stated in the standard.

• Test Conditions (Clause 4.1):

  • Specimen diameter: 200 mm
  • Constant water pressure: 300 mm water column
  • Test duration: 1 hour, with periodic monitoring for leakage.

• Conditioning Protocol (Clause 5.2):

  • Three specimens conditioned at 65 ± 2°C for 3 hours.
  • Three specimens conditioned at 5°C or below for 3 hours and tested immediately.

• Reporting Details:

  • Test date
  • Conditioning type
  • Leakage observations

Summary Table of Conditioning and Testing

Interpretation Guidelines:

• Specimens exhibiting no leakage during the test interval are deemed compliant.
• Test results must be reported using rounding rules from IS 2:1960 to ensure precision.

Visual Diagram of Test Setup

flowchart TB
    Specimen[Circular Specimen (Ø 200 mm)] --> Clamp[Clamping Fixture]
    Clamp --> WaterHead[300 mm Water Column]
    WaterHead --> Observe[Leakage Monitoring for 1 hour]

Note: Adhering to IS 2:1960 rounding rules is essential for consistent numerical interpretation.

Summary of Committee Membership for IS 13826 Part 4

The Water-Proofing and Damp-Proofing Sectional Committee (CED 41) is responsible for the development of IS 13826 Part 4. The composition, as detailed in Annex A, includes:

• Chairperson: Prof. M. S. Shetty (Personal Capacity, Pune)
• Members: Representatives from multiple organizations including Osnar Chemical Pvt Ltd, National Test House, National Building Organisation, Central Road Research Institute, Engineers India Ltd, Metro Railway, Polyseal India Engineering Centre, CPWD, Army Headquarters, Overseas Water-Proofing Corporation, Fosroc India Ltd, B. G. Shirke & Co, Lloyd Bitumen Products, MES Builders Association, Central Building Research Institute, among others.
• Most members have designated alternates to ensure continuous participation.

This committee ensures balanced representation from industry, governmental agencies, research institutions, and consultancy sectors for standard development.

Highlights:

• Includes specialists from industrial, governmental, academic, and consulting backgrounds.
• Led by an appointed Chairman.
• Alternates maintain quorum and continuity.
• Oversees standard formulation, testing protocols, and quality assurance.

Visual Representation of Committee Structure

graph TD
    Chair[Chairman: Prof. M. S. Shetty] --> Members[Committee Members]
    Members --> Industry[Industry Representatives]
    Members --> Gov[Government Agencies]
    Members --> Research[Research Institutes]
    Members --> Consultants[Consultants & Others]
    Industry --> Osnar[Osnar Chemical Pvt Ltd]
    Industry --> Fosroc[Fosroc India Ltd]
    Gov --> CPWD[CPWD]
    Gov --> Army[Army Headquarters]
    Research --> CBRI[CBRI Roorkee]
    Research --> NBO[NBO Delhi]
    Consultants --> Metro[Metro Railway]
    Consultants --> Polyseal[Polyseal India]

This committee composition guarantees comprehensive expertise for the waterproofing and damp-proofing standards under IS 13826 Part 4.