Hand Operated Augers for Cleaning Water-closets, Pipes and Sewers
1979 Edition

Overview of IS 9110: Introduction and Implementation

• Objective: Aligns Indian standards with global norms while adapting to local field conditions.
• Coverage: Pertains to structural and material standards relevant to Indian construction.
• Implementation Strategy:
  • Prioritizes global coordination for compatibility.
  • Adapts standards considering Indian field environments.
• Note: No specific formulas or tabulations are included in this introductory clause.
• Publication: Released by the Indian Standards Institution (now BIS) in 1979.

Summary Table:

flowchart LR
    A[International Standards] --> C[IS 9110 Implementation]
    B[Indian Field Conditions] --> C
    C --> D[Unified Indian Standard]

This section establishes the groundwork for the standard’s development rather than providing technical details.

Scope Summary of IS 9110: Specifications and Tables

Scope: Defines requirements for coil spring augers used in cleaning pipes and sewers, including material types, dimensions, and construction methods.

Essential Specifications:

• Materials:

  • Brass tubing with return bends to prevent water leakage (Clause 4.1.3).
  • Steel wires for coil springs conforming to Grade 2 and Grade 4 (cold-formed, patented, cold-drawn).
  • Aluminium and carbon steel sheets used for housing components.

• Auger Categories & Classes:

  • Type II, Class 1: Flexible coil spring equipped with an offset sliding handle.
  • Type II, Class 2: Top Snake model, split into two styles:
    • Style A (light-duty)
    • Style B (heavy-duty)

Important Tables:

Sample Table Format (Table 1):

IS 9110: Categories and Specifications for Manual Augers

1. Auger Categories (Clauses 2 & 4.2.1)

• Type II, Class 1: Flexible coil spring with an offset sliding handle.
• Type II, Class 2, Style B: Heavy-duty Top Snake model featuring a base and geared revolver handle.

2. Key Dimensions and Specifications

3. Additional Details

• Materials and workmanship must adhere strictly to IS 9110 criteria.
• Class 1 augers use a sliding reversible handle.
• Class 2 Style B augers incorporate a base for upright positioning with crank or geared revolver mechanisms.

IS 9110: Material Criteria for Components

• Brass Tubes (Clause 4.1.3):

  • Incorporate a return bend to retain water when extracting the spring from the water-closet.
  • Must comply with IS: 319 (Second Revision) for general-purpose brass tubes.

• Mild Steel Sheets (Clause 3.1.7):

  • Should conform to IS: 513-1973 or IS: 1079-1973 standards.

• Cast Iron:

  • Grade FG 150 as specified in IS: 210-1978.

• Aluminium Sheets (Clause 3.1.6):

  • Must meet requirements of IS: 737-1974.

• Steel Wires for Springs:

  • Use patented, cold-drawn unalloyed steel wires as per relevant IS specifications.

• Steel Sheets and Strips:

  • Cold-rolled steel should follow IS: 513 (second revision).
  • Hot-rolled steel per IS: 1079 (third revision).

Summary Table:

These ensure durability and functional reliability in plumbing maintenance tools.

IS 9110: Design and Fabrication Essentials

1. Tube Requirements (Clause 4.1.3)

• Brass tubes must include a return bend to minimize water spillage during spring extraction.
• Tubes should be smooth, round, and have square-cut ends (applicable to Type I only).
• Fastening mechanisms must secure tubes without causing deformation.

2. Compliance Checks for Augers (Clause 7.4)

• Sample augers are inspected for:
  • Completeness, rotational freedom, material integrity, surface finish, and craftsmanship.
  • Defects such as broken springs, missing elements, sharp edges, corrosion, and faulty fastening.
• Sampling follows 4.0% AQL criteria as per Table 2 of IS:2500 (Part I).

3. Auger Dimensions by Type and Style

| Type II, Class 2, Style B (Heavy) | 16, 25, 30 | 3.0 (Grade 4) | 9.5 ± 0.5 | | | | 3.8 (Grade 2) | 12.5 ± 0.5 |

• Style B features a base permitting free rotation of housing.
• Equipped with a crank or geared revolver handle to rotate the auger.

Illustration: Auger Types and Construction

IS 9110 - Overview of General Requirements

1. Tubing (Clause 4.1.3)

• Brass tubes must include a return bend to retain water during spring removal from the closet bowl.

2. Materials Used

• Cast Iron: Grade FG 150 as per IS:210-1978.
• Steel Wires: Cold-formed spring wires meeting IS standards.
• Brass Tubes: Standard specifications as per IS.
• Steel Tubes: Mild steel tubes conforming to relevant IS specifications.

3. Auger Dimensions and Details

Table 1: Type II, Class 1 (Flexible Coil Spring with Offset Sliding Handle)

Table 3: Type II, Class 2, Style B (Heavy Duty)

Summary:

• Utilize Grade 2 and Grade 4 wires as specified in the standard.

IS 9110: Marking Instructions and Key Requirements

Marking Details (Clauses 6.1 & 6.2)

Each auger must be clearly and permanently marked with:

• Manufacturer’s name or trademark.
• Type, class, and style classification.
• Coil diameter measurement.
• Coil wire material and size.
• Length of coil or flat spring.
• Year of manufacture.

Augers may also bear the ISI Certification Mark under the Indian Standards Institution Act, demonstrating conformity and quality assurance.

Dimension Table for Type II, Class 2, Style A Augers (Clause 4.2.2, Table 2)

Notes:

• Style A augers feature a hand crank fixed to the cover that does not extend beyond the housing diameter.
• Marking ensures traceability and compliance with IS standards.
• The ISI Mark confirms ongoing quality surveillance by ISI.

flowchart TD
    A[Auger Production] --> B[Mark with Manufacturer Info]
    B --> C[Mark Type, Class, Style]
    C --> D[Mark Coil Diameter & Wire Size]
    D --> E[Mark Coil Length & Manufacture Year]
    E --> F{Apply ISI Certification Mark?}
    F -- Yes --> G[ISI Mark Applied]
    F -- No --> H[No ISI Mark]

IS 9110: Sampling and Inspection Procedures

Sample Size Determination (Clause 7.3)

• Employ Inspection Level III as defined in Table 1 of IS 2500 (Part I)-1973 to decide sample numbers.
• Sampling must be random, with each lot treated independently (Clause 7.2).

Compliance Criteria (Clause 7.4)

• Each sampled auger is examined for:
  • Completeness, smooth rotation, material conformity, surface finish, and workmanship quality.
  • Defects prompting rejection include:
    • Incorrect type/class/style/size.
    • Missing or incomplete parts.
    • Non-conforming materials.
    • Broken or rough coil springs.
    • Defective cleaning heads or handles.
    • Tube fastening problems, crushed tubes, absence of return bends, or improper tube shape (Type I).
    • Handle sliding/clamping defects on springs (Type II, Class 1).
    • Faulty housing cover, protruding hand crank, locking failures, or spring distortion (Type II, Class 2).
    • Defective bases or housing rotation issues (Type II, Class 2, Style B).
    • Incorrect coil spring dimensions.
    • Sharp edges, corrosion susceptibility.
    • Binding or inoperable augers.
• Acceptance is based on a 4.0% AQL per Table 2 of IS 2500 (Part I)-1973.

Summary Table on Sampling & Inspection

Notes:

• Refer to IS 2500 (Part I) for specific sample sizes and acceptance numbers.
• Inspection emphasizes presence or absence of defects rather than dimensional measurements alone.

flowchart TD
    A[Lot Arrival] --> B[Random Sampling]
    B --> C[Determine Sample Size per IS 2500 Level III]
    C --> D[Inspect Augers for Defects]
    D --> E{Defects Found?}

IS 9110 - Important Tables and Figures for Class 2 Top Snake Augers

Style A (Light-Duty) - Clause 4.2.2(a)

• Features a hand crank fixed to the cover, not extending beyond the housing’s diameter.
• Comparable to Figure 3 in the standard.
• Coil spring dimensions as per Table 2:

Style B (Heavy-Duty) - Clause 9.5(b)

• Equipped with a base supporting housing rotation; crank or geared revolver attached.
• Matches Figure 4.
• Coil spring dimensions as per Table 3:

Notes:

• Wire grade influences coil and outer diameters.
• Dimensions ensure compatibility and robustness for specified usage.
• Hand crank and housing designs prioritize ergonomic operation.

flowchart LR
    A[Style A: Light Duty] --> B[Hand Crank Fixed to Cover]
    B --> C[Coil Spring per Table 2]
    A --> D[Refer to Figure 3]
    E[Style B: Heavy Duty] --> F[Base Supports Housing Rotation]
    F --> G[Crank or Geared Revolver]
    G --> H[Coil Spring per Table 3]
    E --> I[Refer to Figure 4]