Code of practice for architectural and building drawings

IS 962: Scope - Key Specifications & Tables

1. Scope Overview (Clause 1)

• Applies to sizes, layout, scales, projection, folding, and presentation of technical drawings.
• Ensures standardization for architectural and engineering prints.

2. Drawing Sizes (Clause 3 & Table 3)

Elongated sizes are generally discouraged for practical use.

3. Recommended Scales (Clause 7.2, Table 4)

4. Projection (Clause 8.0)

• Refer to IS 10714:1983 for principles of projection.
• All dimensions are in millimetres.

5. Folding of Prints (Clause 6 & Fig. 1)

• Standard folds for A0 to A4 sizes ensure compactness.
• Example: A0 folds into sections of 297 mm width for easy handling.

Summary Diagram: Drawing

IS 962 References & Drawing Sizes Summary

1. References (Clause 2.1)

IS 962 refers to the following Indian Standards essential for technical drawings:

2. Drawing Sheet Sizes (Clause 3 & 8)

• Standard Sizes (mm):

• Special Elongated Sizes (Table 2, Clause 3.3):

3. Folding of Prints (Fig. 1 & 1A)

• Prints are folded into standard sizes for ease of handling.
• Dimensions and fold lines are specified in millimeters.
• Title block placement is standardized (see IS 11665).

Summary Diagram: Drawing Sizes Hierarchy

graph TD
    A0[841 × 1189 mm]
    A1[594 × 841 mm]
    A2[420 × 594 mm]
    A3[297 × 420 mm]
    A4[210 × 297 mm]

    A0 -->

IS 962: Sizes of Drawings - Key Points

• Clause 3.1 (Selection & Designation):
  Use the smallest sheet size that ensures clarity and resolution.

• Clause 3.4 (Exceptional Elongated Sizes):
  For very large or extra elongated sheets, refer to Table 3 for standardized sizes.

• Reference Standards for Drawing Sizes & Presentation:
  IS 10711:1983 — Sizes of drawing sheets
  IS 10713:1983 — Scales for technical drawings
  IS 10714:1983 — General presentation principles
  IS 11665:1985 — Title block specifications
  IS 9609 (Part 1):1983 — Lettering on drawings

Typical Sheet Sizes (from IS 10711)

Summary Diagram: Drawing Size Selection Flow

flowchart TD
    A[Start: Need Drawing Sheet] --> B{Is standard size sufficient?}
    B -- Yes --> C[Select smallest standard size (A4 to A0)]
    B -- No --> D[Refer Table 3 for elongated sizes]
    C --> E[Prepare Drawing]
    D --> E

Use IS 10711 for exact sheet sizes and IS 10713 for scale selection to maintain clarity and standardization.

IS 962: Layout of Drawings – Key Points

1. Drawing Sheet Sizes (Clause 3.4)

• For very large or elongated sheets, use sizes specified in Table 3 (refer IS 10711:1983 for exact dimensions).
• Standard sheet sizes per IS 10711 include A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, etc.

2. References (Clause 2.1)

• Follow related IS standards for:
  • Lettering (IS 9609: Part 1)
  • Sheet sizes (IS 10711)
  • Scales (IS 10713)
  • Presentation principles (IS 10714)
  • Structural metalwork drawings (IS 10720)
  • Title blocks (IS 11665)

3. Line Types and Their Applications (Clause 9.2, Table 5)

Note: Use only one type of hidden line style consistently per drawing.

4. General Layout Tips

• Use standard lettering size and style (IS 9609).
• Maintain clear title blocks as per IS 11665.
• Apply appropriate scales (IS 10713) for clarity.

flowchart LR
    A[Start

IS 962: Reproduction of Drawings - Key Points

• Reference for Additional Info:
  For detailed guidelines on reproduction of drawings, refer to IS 11665:1985 (Clause 4.5.1).

• Sheet Sizes:
  When very large or elongated sheets are required, use sizes from Table 3 (Clause 3.4). These are termed Exceptional Elongated Sizes (Third Choice).

• General Layout:
  Standard sizes and layout details are given in earlier clauses (Clause 4), but specific reproduction specs are minimal in IS 962 itself.

Summary Table (Indicative)

Recommendations:

• Use IS 11665:1985 for reproduction techniques, materials, and quality control.
• Select sheet sizes as per Table 3 in IS 962 for special large drawings.
• Follow layout and size norms in IS 962 Clauses 3 & 4 for consistency.

flowchart TD
    A[Start: Need to Reproduce Drawing] --> B{Is size standard?}
    B -- Yes --> C[Use standard sheet sizes (Clause 4)]
    B -- No --> D[Use Exceptional Elongated Sizes (Table 3, Clause 3.4)]
    C --> E[Refer IS 11665 for reproduction methods]
    D --> E
    E --> F[Complete reproduction]

This ensures compliance with IS standards for drawing reproduction.

IS 962: Folding of Prints - Key Specifications & Tables

1. Folding Method (Clause 6.1)

• Prints are folded for filing, correspondence, or binding.
• Folding sequence is illustrated in Fig. 1 and 1A (refer to IS 962 drawings).
• Folding is done to reduce large sheet sizes to manageable dimensions.

2. Standard Sheet Sizes & Folding Dimensions (All in mm)

3. Reference for Presentation

• For detailed principles, see IS 10714:1983.

Summary of Folding:

• Fold along specified segments to reduce large prints into approx. 190 mm × 190 mm size.
• Ensures easy storage and handling.
• Maintain line thickness and clarity for microfilming (Clause 5.3).

flowchart LR
    A0[Original A0 Sheet 841×1189 mm]
    fold1[Folding at 105 mm]
    fold2[Folding at 297 mm]
    fold3[Folding at 297 mm]
    fold4[Folding at 210 mm]
    folded[Final Folded Print ~190×190 mm]

    A0 --> fold1 --> fold2 --> fold3 --> fold4 --> folded

Note: Follow IS 962 Fig. 1 & 1A for exact fold lines and sequence.

IS 962 - Scales for Technical Drawings

Key Specifications (Clause 7.2, Table 4):

• Clause 7.1: Scales shall conform to IS 10713:1983.
• Choose scales based on drawing detail and sheet size.

Sheet Sizes (Clause 3.4, Table 3):

Exceptional elongated sizes are listed for special cases, e.g.:

Note: Use of elongated sizes is generally not advisable.

Practical Tip:

• Use enlargement scales for detailed views.
• Use reduction scales for overall plans.
• Always select scales to maximize clarity without overcrowding.

flowchart LR
  A[Start: Select Drawing] --> B{Detail Level?}
  B -->|High| C[Use Enlargement Scales (2:1 to 50:1)]
  B -->|Medium| D[Use Full Scale (1:1)]
  B -->|Low| E[Use Reduction Scales (1:2 to 1:10000)]
  C --> F[Choose appropriate sheet size]
  D --> F
  E --> F
  F --> G[Prepare Drawing

IS 962 Key Points on Projection:

Projection Types (Clause 8 & 9.62, 8.2)

• First Angle Projection: Each view shows the side of the object opposite to the adjacent view.
• Third Angle Projection: Each view shows the side of the object adjacent to the view; features align for easier interpretation.

Projection Lines & Dimension Lines (Clause 10.2.1.3)

• Avoid intersection of projection and dimension lines.
• If intersecting, lines simply cross without special marks.

Folding of Prints (Clause 8.0 & Fig.1)

• Standard print sizes (A0 to A3) with fold dimensions in mm:

Summary Diagram of Projection Views:

graph LR
    A[Front View]
    B[Top View]
    C[Side View]

    subgraph First Angle
        A --> B
        A --> C
    end

    subgraph Third Angle
        A --- B
        A --- C
    end

Note: Refer IS 10714:1983 for detailed presentation principles.

This concise guide aligns with IS 962 clauses on projection, print folding, and dimensioning practices.

IS 962 - Line Work: Key Specifications & Table

Clause 9.2: Types of Lines (Table 5)

Important Notes:

• Use only one type of hidden line style per drawing for clarity.
• Line thickness and style must be consistent and explained if deviated.
• Lines are essential for clear communication in technical drawings.

flowchart LR
    A[Continuous Thick] -->|Visible edges| VisibleEdges
    B[Continuous Thin] -->|Dimension lines| DimLines
    E[Dashed Thick] -->|Hidden outlines| HiddenOutlines
    G[Chain Thin] -->|Centre lines| CentreLines
    H[Chain Thin thick ends] -->|Cutting planes| CuttingPlanes

This table and guidelines ensure clarity and standardization in engineering drawings as per IS 962.

IS 962: Lettering and Dimensioning Key Points

1. Notation of Dimensioning (Clause 10.2.1)

• Dimensions are to be clearly and legibly inscribed.
• Use standard units (usually mm).
• Dimension lines should be thin continuous lines with arrowheads or tick marks at ends.
• Numerals should be placed above or within the dimension lines without touching them.

2. Dimensioning (Clause 10.2)

• Dimension lines must be parallel to the feature dimensioned.
• Avoid redundant dimensions; use chain or baseline dimensioning.
• Use leader lines for notes or references.
• Place dimensions outside the drawing outline when possible.

3. Inscription of Dimensions (Clause 10.2.3)

• Use capital letters for lettering.
• Letter height should be 3.5 to 5 mm for clarity.
• Maintain consistent spacing between letters and numbers.
• Use simple, sans-serif fonts for readability.

Typical Dimensioning Symbols & Conventions

Summary Diagram

flowchart LR
  A[Feature] --> B[Dimension Line]
  B --> C[Arrowheads at ends]
  B --> D[Dimension Numerals]
  D --> E[Above or within line]
  A --> F[Leader Line for Notes]

Tip: Follow IS 962 for uniformity in drawings, ensuring clarity and avoiding misinterpretation in structural detailing.

IS 962: Graphical Symbols Key Points

1. Units of Dimensioning (Clause 10.2.6)

• Dimensions are normally in millimetres (mm).
• Unit symbol may be omitted if a prominent note states the unit.
• Other units must be clearly denoted.

2. Graphical Symbols for Doors & Windows (Clause 11.6, Fig. 8)

• Symbols represent types like:
  • Vertical centre hung
  • Vertical sliding
  • Horizontal centre hung
  • Side hung (right/left)
  • Single leaf (single/double swing)
  • Double leaf (single/double swing)
  • Folding doors/windows
  • Rolling shutters (internal/external)

3. Electrical Installation Symbols (Fig. 9)

• Fuse-boards: with/without switches for lighting and power
• Light fittings: pendants, brackets, bulk-head, batten lampholder, fluorescent (single/double)
• Switches: one-way, two-way, intermediate, pendant, pull
• Sockets: 2-pin/3-pin, 5A/15A, combined with switches
• Heaters: convection, immersion, electric unit
• Alarm & communication: fire alarm push, bell, buzzer, microphone, telephone points
• Fans: exhaust, bracket, fan regulators
• Control devices: relays, thermostats, timers

4. Plumbing Cocks (Fig. 10)

• One-way, two-way, three-way, four-way cocks (bench and wall types)
• Front control and ledge cocks

Example Symbol Table (Electrical):

Note: Refer IS 962 figures 8, 9, 10 for exact graphical representations.

Summary

• Use millimetres for dimensioning.
• Follow IS 962 graphical symbols for consistent representation of doors, windows, electrical, and plumbing fixtures.
• Symbols

IS 962 - Key Abbreviations & Symbols (Clause 11.1, Table 6)

This table standardizes abbreviations used in architectural and building drawings for clarity and uniformity:

Note: Abbreviations are the same in singular and plural forms.

Usage Note (Clause 12.1)

• Abbreviations are primarily for drawings to avoid ambiguity.
• Use systematic notation for architectural/building terms.

Practical Tip

• Refer to Table 6 in IS 962 for comprehensive abbreviations.
• Use these consistently in drawings for clear communication.

flowchart LR
    A[Architectural Drawing] --> B[Use Standard Abbreviations]
    B --> C{Avoid Confusion}
    B --> D{Ensure Uniformity}
    C --> E[Clear Communication]
    D --> E

For detailed sizes and exceptional elongated sizes, see Clause 3.4 Table 3.

IS 962: Conventional Representation of Materials in Section (Clause 13.1)

Key Points:

• Purpose: To standardize material representation in sectional drawings using symbols, hatching, or colors.
• Mandatory Use: Hatching or coloring must be applied where confusion may arise.

Table 7: Symbols & Colors for Materials

Recommendations:

• Use standard hatching or coloring as per table to avoid ambiguity.
• For large-scale drawings, plaster products should be colored green.
• Always refer to Table 2 (Clause 13.1) for detailed hatching methods.

flowchart LR
    A[Material] --> B{Representation}
    B --> C[Hatching]
    B --> D[Colour]
    C --> E{Use Standard Patterns}
    D --> F{Use IS 962 Colours}
    E --> G[Clear Identification]
    F --> G

This ensures clarity and uniformity in structural drawings per IS 962.

IS 962: Numbering of Buildings and Parts of Buildings

Key Specifications (Clause 14.5.1)

• Buildings in the same project are numbered with a principal + additional designation:
  • Example: HOUSE 1, HOUSE 2, HOUSE 3, etc.
• Parts of a building use the principal building designation plus a systematic letter or number:
  • Example: HOUSE 2 PART A, HOUSE 2 PART B, etc.

Important Notes

• The principal designation (e.g., HOUSE) can be omitted when clear.
• This systematic approach aids clarity in drawings and documentation.

Visual Representation

graph TD
    A[Project] --> B[HOUSE 1]
    A --> C[HOUSE 2]
    C --> C1[PART A]
    C --> C2[PART B]

Additional Clause (13.5)

• Thin sections in drawings (like metal) should be solid blackened with a thin space between adjacent parts for clarity.

This numbering system ensures uniform identification of buildings and their parts in project documentation.

IS 962: Designation of Rooms and Other Areas

Key Points from Clause 14.6 & 15:

• Principal Designation (Abbreviation):

  • Columns = C
  • Slabs = S
  • Walls = W
  • Beams = B

• Additional Designation (Numerals):

  • First numeral = Storey number
  • Last two digits = Feature number on that storey

Example:

Designation of Rooms and Other Areas (Clause 15)

• IS 962 refers to ISO 4157:1982 Part 2 for room and area designation.
• Rooms and suites are designated systematically, often with alphanumeric codes indicating building, floor, and room sequence.
• Separate suites of rooms are identified distinctly to clarify functional grouping.

Summary Table for Structural Elements

graph TD
    A[Storey Number] --> B[Feature Number]
    B --> C[Element Type]
    C --> D[Designation Code]
    D -->|Example| E[C201]
    E -->|C=Column| F[Column on 2nd floor, #1]

Use this system for clarity and uniformity in drawings and documentation.

IS 962: Colouring the Plan - Key Specifications & Tables

1. Material Colour Coding (Clause 13.1, Table 7)

2. Plan Colour Coding (Clause 16.1, Table 8)

3. Room Numbering Format (Clause 15.2.4)

• Format