Recommendation for Labour Output Constants for Building Work, Part I: North Zone

IS 7272 Part 1 - Scope & Key Specifications

This part of IS 7272 provides recommended labour output constants for various building works in the North Zone, expressed in man-days per unit of work (8 working hours/day).

Key Labour Output Constants (Table 1 Highlights):

Notes:

• Labour constants are for 8-hour working days.
• Constants cover mixing, pouring, curing where applicable.
• Adjustments exist for depth, soil type, and lead distance.
• Bhisti labour includes curing work.

Usage Formula:

[ \text{Labour Days} = \text{Quantity of Work} \times \text{Recommended Constant} ]

This standard aids in planning, scheduling, and costing of building projects by providing reliable labour productivity norms.

IS 7272 Part 1: Labour Output Constants Summary

This standard provides labour output constants (in days) for various building tasks, useful for estimating labour requirements.

Key Labour Output Constants (Days per Unit)

| Concrete Work | | | | | | a) Hand mixing cement concrete (40 mm agg.) | m³ | Mazdoor, Bhisti | 1.0 (Mazdoor), 0.1 (Bhisti) | Lead of mix assumed up to 30 m | |

IS 7272 Part 1: Recommended Labour Output Constants for General Building Work (North Zone)

This standard provides labour output constants (in days) for various building activities, useful for estimating labour requirements.

Key Table Extract (Clause 2.1, Table 1):

Notes:

• Labour constants are in days per unit (e.g., days per m³).
• Constants apply to North Zone states: Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, UP, Rajasthan.
• Other zones covered in separate parts of IS 7272.
• "Mate Mazdoor" refers to unskilled labour.

Usage Example:

To estimate labour days for excavating 100 m³ of hard soil:

[ \text{Labour Days} = 100 \times 0.06 = 6 \text{ days} ]

For full details, refer to IS 7272 Part 1 Table 1 for other work items and labour constants.

IS 7272 Part 1 (1974) — Excavation and Earth Works: Key Labour Output Constants

Notes:

• Labour constants are in days per cubic meter (m³) for an 8-hour working day.
• "Mate" and "Mazdoor" refer to skilled and unskilled labour, respectively.
• Bhisti labour includes curing-related work when applicable.
• Depth and area limits are critical for applying these constants.
• Lead refers to the horizontal distance soil is moved.

Practical Use Formula for Labour Estimation:

[ \

IS 7272 Part 1 (1974) - Key Concrete Works Labour Output Constants

Notes:

• Constants represent man-days per m³ of work.
• Lead distances for concrete mixing and transport are assumed (e.g., 30m for concrete mix).
• Labour includes mixing, pouring, consolidating, and curing but excludes formwork and reinforcement fixing.
• These constants help in estimating labour requirements

IS 7272 Part 1 - Key Specifications for Brick Work (Straight Walls)

Labour Output Constants (Table 1 Extract)

Important Notes:

• The constants include labour for masonry, helpers (Mazdoor), and water carriers (Bhisti).
• These values are essential for estimating labour requirements and planning.
• Mortar mixing, curing, and finishing are included in these constants.

Typical Brick Wall Design Considerations (General IS Knowledge)

• Wall Thickness: Usually 1 brick (230 mm) or more.
• Mortar Mix: Cement mortar (1:6) or lime mortar as per design.
• Bonding: English or Flemish bond for strength.
• Height to Thickness Ratio: Max 20 for stability.
• Allowable Compressive Stress: ~3 N/mm² for brick masonry in cement mortar.

Formula for Brick Work Volume

[ \text{Brick Work Volume} = \text{Length} \times \text{Height} \times \text{Thickness} ]

Labour Estimation Formula (Approximate)

[ \text{Labour Days} = \text{Volume} \times \text{Labour Constant (days/m}^3) ]

Where labour constant for mason = 0.94 days/m³ (from IS 7272 Part 1)

flowchart TD
    A[Brick Work Volume] --> B[Calculate Labour Days]
    B --> C{Labour Constants}
    C -->|Mason| D[0.94 days/m³]
    C -->|Mazdoor| E[1.80 days/m³]
    C -->|Bhisti| F[0.20 days/m³]
    D & E & F --> G[Total Labour Estimation]

Summary: Use labour constants from IS 7272 Part 1 Table 1 (Mason 0.94 days/m³) for straight brick walls

IS 7272 Part 1 - Plastering and Pointing: Key Specifications & Labour Constants

1. Plastering Types & Thickness

• 15 mm thick cement plaster (typical)
  • On ceilings
  • On brick walls (exterior & interior)
• Special layered plaster on exterior brick walls:
  • 10 mm cement-sand underlayer
  • 5 mm top layer with cement : marble powder : stone grit mix

2. Pointing Types

• Struck pointing on brickwork with cement mortar
• Tuck pointing on random rubble masonry with cement mortar

3. Labour Output Constants (from Table 1)

4. Additional Notes

• Labour constants include mixing, application, and finishing.
• Thickness and mortar composition influence labour and material requirements.
• Mixing by hand or machine affects productivity (machine mixing faster).

Summary Formula for Labour Estimation:

[ \text{Labour Days} = \text{Area (m}^2) \times \text{Labour Constant (days/m}^2) ]

flowchart LR
    A[Surface Preparation] --> B[Mixing Mortar]
    B --> C[Applying Plaster/Pointing]
    C --> D[Finishing & Curing]

This concise guide helps estimate labour and understand plastering/pointing specifications per IS 7272 Part 1.

IS 7272 Part 1 (1974) - Paving and Floor Finish: Key Labour Output Constants

Additional Notes:

• Labour constants include curing time where applicable (Bhisti).
• Thicknesses and layering details are critical for accurate labour estimation.
• Use

IS 7272 Part 1 - Damp-proof Course (DPC) Key Specifications & Labour Constants

Specifications:

• DPC Thickness:

  • 10 mm thick cement concrete DPC
  • 20 mm thick cement mortar DPC with integral waterproofing compound

• Materials:

  • Cement concrete or cement mortar with waterproofing compound for integral water-proofing.

• Work Includes:

  • Mixing, laying, formwork (for concrete DPC), fair finishing of edges.

Labour Output Constants (Table 1 from IS 7272 Part 1):

Additional Notes:

• Labour constants include all activities related to mixing, laying, finishing.
• Thickness choice depends on design and moisture conditions.
• Proper curing is essential for effective damp-proofing.
• DPC is typically laid at plinth level or below floor level to prevent rising damp.

flowchart TD
    A[Excavation for DPC] --> B[Mixing Cement Concrete/Mortar]
    B --> C[Laying DPC Layer (10 or 20 mm)]
    C --> D[Finishing Edges & Surface]
    D --> E[Curing & Protection]

Summary:
Use 10 mm cement concrete or 20 mm cement mortar with waterproofing compound as DPC. Labour constants per m² are approx. 0.10 days for masons and mazdoors, 0.01 days for bhisti. Follow proper mixing, laying, finishing, and curing for effective damp-proofing.

IS 7272 Part 1 (1974) - Joinery Key Specifications and Labour Constants

Notes:

• Labour constants are based on 8-hour working days.
• Joinery includes woodwork in coniferous and teak wood.
• Panelled/glazed joinery allows for glass or mesh wire fixing.
• Constants help estimate man-days for project planning and costing.

Summary Diagram of Joinery Workflow

flowchart TD
    A[Prepare Door/Window Frames] --> B[Panelled/Glazed Joinery]
    B --> C[Fixing Shutters]
    C --> D[Fixing Fittings]
    D --> E[Final Inspection]

This table and workflow assist in scheduling and resource allocation for joinery tasks per IS 7272 Part 1.

IS 7272 Part 1 (1974) - Glazing: Key Specifications & Labour Constants

Glazing Work (Clause xi):

• Fixing glass panes on steel or wood frames, bedded with putty.
• Labour output constants (per m²):
  • Glazier: 0.20 days
  • Mazdoor: 0.10 days

Summary Table for Glazing Labour Output Constants

Additional Notes on Glazing (based on IS and general practice):

• Glass thickness and type (annealed, toughened, laminated) should comply with relevant IS codes (e.g., IS 2553 for annealed glass).
• Putty bedding ensures watertight fixing and should be applied uniformly.
• Frame preparation (cleaning, priming) is essential before glazing.
• Safety precautions for handling glass panes must be followed.

flowchart TD
    A[Prepare Frame] --> B[Apply Putty Bed]
    B --> C[Place Glass Pane]
    C --> D[Press Glass into Putty]
    D --> E[Apply Finishing Putty]
    E --> F[Curing & Cleaning]

For detailed glass specifications (thickness, size limits), refer to IS 2553 and IS 1038 series. IS 7272 Part 1 primarily provides labour constants for estimating man-days in glazing work.

IS 7272 Part 1 (1974) - Painting and Polishing Key Details

Labour Output Constants (Table Extract for Painting & Polishing)

Notes:

• Labour constants are in days per square meter for an 8-hour workday.
• Bhisti labour includes curing where applicable.
• Polishing refers specifically to French polishing with wood filler on new woodwork.
• White washing and colour washing are primarily for walls and flat ceilings.
• Distempering involves priming with whiting before coats.
• Cement-based paints require multiple coats; constants apply per coat.

Summary Table (Painting & Polishing)

| Work Type             | Labour (Painter) | Labour (Mazdoor) | Labour (Bhisti) | Remarks                |
|-----------------------|------------------|------------------|-----------------|------------------------|
| French Polishing       | 0.35             | -                | -               | Includes wood filler   |
| White Washing (3 coats)| 0.02             | 0.01             | -               | New surface            |
| Colour Washing (2 coats)| 0.03            | 0.01             | -               | Over white wash        |
| Distempering (3 coats) | 0.08             | 0.04             | -               | Includes priming coat  |
| Cement Paint (per coat)| 0.15             | 0.01             | 0.10

IS 7272 Part 1 - White Washing and Colour Washing

Key Specifications & Labour Constants (Clause 2.1, Table 1)

Important Notes:

• White washing typically involves 3 coats of lime wash.
• Colour washing is applied over a whitewashed undercoat, usually 2 coats.
• Labour constants indicate the number of days required per square meter per labour type.

Typical White Washing & Colour Washing Process:

1. Surface Preparation: Clean and dampen the surface.
2. White Washing: Apply 3 coats of lime wash, allowing drying between coats.
3. Colour Washing: Apply 2 coats of colour wash over the whitewashed surface.

Formula for Lime Wash Quantity (approximate):

[ \text{Lime required} = 1.5 \text{ kg per m}^2 \text{ per coat} ]

For 3 coats:

[ \text{Total lime} = 1.5 \times 3 = 4.5 \text{ kg/m}^2 ]

flowchart TD
    A[Surface Preparation] --> B[Apply 3 coats Lime White Wash]
    B --> C[Allow Drying Between Coats]
    C --> D[Apply 2 coats Colour Wash]
    D --> E[Finished Surface]

Summary:
IS 7272 Part 1 provides labour output constants for white and colour washing as 0.02 and 0.03 days per m² respectively for washers, with additional labour for mazdoors. Use 3 coats lime white wash and 2 coats colour wash over it for new surfaces.

IS 7272 Part 1 Amendment No. 1 (Feb 1979) - Key Specifications & Labour Output Constants

This amendment revises labour output constants and clarifies units in IS 7272 Part 1 (1974) for North Zone building work.

Key Changes & Specifications:

• Units Correction:

  • Substitute m³ for incorrect units like 'Mª' or 'M?' on pages 4-12.
  • Recommended labour constants are expressed in days (8 working hours).

• Labour Output Constants (Selected Examples):