Method of test for building limes, Part VI: Determination of volume yield of quicklime

IS 6932 Part 6 (1973) - Scope and Key Specifications

• Scope: Determination of volume yield of quicklime as lime putty, expressed in ml/g of quicklime.

Key Formula:

[ \text{Volume Yield (ml/g)} = \frac{\text{Volume of lime putty (ml)}}{\text{Mass of quicklime (g)}} ]

Apparatus:

• Southard Viscosimeter (Fig. 1):

  • Cylinder diameter: 50 mm
  • Piston stroke: 65 mm
  • Used for adjusting putty consistency.

• Density Vessel (Fig. 2):

  • Cylindrical pot diameter: 63 ± 1 mm
  • Volume: 250 ml
  • Used for measuring putty density to calculate volume yield.

Procedure Summary:

• Prepare putty per IS 712-1973.
• Adjust putty to standard consistency using Southard viscosimeter.
• Measure density by weighing known volume in density vessel.
• Calculate volume yield from density.
• Conduct duplicate tests at 50°C and 100°C; select higher volume yield.

Volume Yield Table (Excerpt):

flowchart TD
    A[Quicklime Sample] --> B[Prepare Lime Putty (IS 712)]
    B --> C[Adjust Consistency - Southard Viscosimeter]
    C --> D[Measure Density - Density Vessel (250 ml)]
    D --> E[Calculate Volume Yield (ml/g)]
    E --> F[Duplicate Tests @ 50°C & 100°C]
    F --> G[Select Higher Volume Yield]

This standard ensures consistent measurement of quicklime

Preparation of Sample as per IS 6932 Part 6 (1973)

Key Clauses:

• Clause 2.1: Sample preparation follows IS 712-1973, Clause 7.2.
• Clause 3.2:
  • Prepare lime putty after test in IS 6932 (Part III)-1973, Clause 2.4.
  • Filter cloth ends tied to form a bag, suspended to drain.
  • Press bag by hand moderately to accelerate draining.
  • Adjust putty consistency to a slump of 1.3 cm ± 0.2 cm using the Southard viscosimeter.
  • Adjust water content by trial, mixing thoroughly ("knocking up") before each test.
  • Use IS 1625-1971 type mixer, passing material twice.
  • Remove excess water on absorbent surface if needed.

Apparatus (Clause 3.1):

• Southard viscosimeter:

  • Cylinder diameter: 50 mm
  • Piston stroke: 65 mm
  • Screw pitch: 2 threads/cm
  • Operation: Piston raised steadily one turn/sec for 10 sec to measure slump.

• Volume yield vessel:

  • Tinned iron pot, diameter: 63 ± 1 mm
  • Volume: 250 ml
  • Reinforced brass rim, plane upper edge.

Table 1: Volume Yield of Quicklime for Different Lime Putty Densities (ml/g)

IS 6932 Part 6: Determination of Volume Yield of Quicklime

Key Formula:

• Volume Yield (ml/g) of Quicklime = ( d^{-1} \times 0.70 )

Where:

• ( d ) = Density of lime putty (g/ml)

Specifications & Notes:

• Use distilled water as the reagent (per IS 1070-1960) to prepare lime putty.
• The volume yield represents the volume of lime putty produced per gram of quicklime.
• This test helps assess the quality and reactivity of quicklime.

Summary Table:

This method ensures quicklime's efficiency by quantifying the hydrated volume formed, essential for construction quality control.

flowchart LR
    A[Quicklime Sample] --> B[Add Distilled Water]
    B --> C[Form Lime Putty]
    C --> D[Measure Density (d)]
    D --> E[Calculate Volume Yield = (0.70/d)]
    E --> F[Evaluate Lime Quality]

IS 6932 Part 6: Apparatus for Lime Putty Testing

1. Apparatus Description (Clause 3.1)

• Southard Viscosimeter (Fig. 1):

  • Vertical metal cylinder: 50 mm internal diameter
  • Metal piston: 65 mm stroke
  • Piston raised by a coarse-thread screw (2 threads/cm), rotated at 1 turn/s for 10 s
  • Purpose: Adjust putty consistency and measure slump height after ejection
  • Cylinder top has extended horizontal flange for applying a measuring bridge

• Volume Yield Vessel (Fig. 2):

  • Tinned iron cylindrical pot, 63 ± 1 mm diameter
  • Volume: 250 ml
  • Soldered joints, brass reinforced rim with plane upper edge
  • Used to determine lime putty density and volume yield

• Water: Use distilled water as per IS 1070-1960 for reagent purposes.

2. Volume Yield Calculation (Clause 3.3 & 3.4.2)

• Volume yield (ml/g) is calculated from putty density (g/ml) measured using the density vessel.
• Putty density determined by weighing known volume of putty, avoiding air bubbles.
• Tests at 50°C and 100°C; higher volume yield chosen for reporting.

3. Volume Yield Table (Table 1)

(Intermediate values can be interpolated)

Summary Diagram of Apparatus Setup

flowchart TB
    A[Southard Viscosimeter] -->

IS 6932 Part 6 (1973) - Preparation of Sample for Test: Key Points

Sample Preparation (Clause 3.2)

• Prepare lime putty after test in IS 6932 Part III (2.4).
• Place putty in a filter cloth bag, tie ends, suspend above vessel for draining.
• Press bag by hand moderately to drain excess water.
• Adjust putty consistency to a slump of 1.3 cm ± 0.2 cm using Southard viscosimeter (Clause 3.1).
• Adjust consistency by adding/removing water and thorough mixing ("knocking up") using a mixer per IS 1625-1971.
• Remove excess water by placing putty on absorbent surface if needed.

Volume Yield Reporting (Clause 3.4.2)

• Express volume yield in ml/g of quicklime.
• Use Table 1 for volume yield vs. lime putty density.

Table 1: Volume Yield of Quicklime for Different Lime Putty Densities

(Refer to full table in IS 6932 Part 6 for intermediate values.)

Summary Diagram: Sample Preparation Process

flowchart TD
    A[Quicklime Sample] --> B[Test per IS 6932 Part III]
    B --> C[Prepare Lime Putty]
    C --> D[Place in Filter Cloth Bag]
    D --> E[Suspend & Drain]
    E --> F[Press Bag by Hand]
    F --> G[Adjust Consistency]
    G --> H[Test Slump with Southard Viscosimeter]
    H -->|Slump 1.3 ± 0.2

IS 6932 Part 6 - Procedure Summary

Apparatus (Clause 3.1)

• Southard viscosimeter:
  • Cylinder: 50 mm internal diameter
  • Piston stroke: 65 mm
  • Piston raised by screw (2 threads/cm), 1 turn/sec for 10 sec
• Lime putty vessel:
  • Cylindrical pot, 63 ± 1 mm diameter
  • Volume: 250 ml
  • Material: Tinned iron with brass rim

Procedure Highlights

1. Fill viscosimeter cylinder with putty, avoid air bubbles.
2. Smooth top surface, lower piston to bottom.
3. Raise piston steadily (1 turn/sec, 10 sec) to eject putty.
4. Measure slump height with a metal bridge on cylinder flange.
5. Determine volume yield using lime putty vessel.

Volume Yield Calculation (Clause 3.4.2)

• Expressed as ml/g of quicklime.
• Use Table 1 for volume yield corresponding to lime putty density d:

(Refer to full table for intermediate values)

Notes:

• Sample preparation per IS 712-1973, Clause 7.2.
• Volume yield inversely proportional to density.
• Ensure distilled water quality for tests.

flowchart TD
    A[Fill cylinder with putty] --> B[Lower piston to bottom]
    B --> C[Raise piston 1 turn/sec for 10 sec]
    C --> D[Measure slump height]
    D --> E[Calculate volume yield using

IS 6932 Part 6 - Report of Test Results: Key Points

Volume Yield of Quicklime (Clause 3.4.2)

• Volume yield is expressed in ml/g of quicklime.
• Depends on the density (d) of lime putty.
• Table 1 provides volume yield values for densities from 1.20 to 1.55.

Table 1: Volume Yield of Quicklime for Different Densities of Lime Putty

IS 6932 Part 6: Calculation of Volume Yield of Quicklime

Key Formula (Clause 3.4.1)

[ \text{Volume yield (ml/g)} = \frac{1}{d} \times 0.70 ]

• d = Density of lime putty (g/ml) at standard consistency.

Procedure Summary (Clause 3.3)

• Determine density by weighing a known volume of lime putty in the density vessel (Fig. 2).
• Eliminate air bubbles for accuracy.
• Perform duplicate slakings at 50°C and 100°C.
• Choose the sample with the higher volume yield.

Density Vessel (Fig. 2)

• Used to measure lime putty density.
• Known volume vessel, dimensions in mm.
• Ensures repeatability and accuracy.

Notes:

• Volume yield indicates the expansion of quicklime upon slaking.
• Higher volume yield means better slaking efficiency.
• Standard consistency is crucial for valid comparison.

flowchart LR
    A[Quicklime Sample] --> B[Slaking at 50°C & 100°C]
    B --> C[Prepare Lime Putty at Standard Consistency]
    C --> D[Weigh Known Volume in Density Vessel]
    D --> E[Calculate Density (d)]
    E --> F[Calculate Volume Yield = (1/d)*0.70]
    F --> G[Choose Higher Volume Yield Sample]

This method ensures reliable measurement of lime putty volume yield per IS 6932 Part 6.

IS 6932 Part 6: Volume Yield of Quicklime

Key Formula (Clause 3.4.1)

[ \text{Volume yield (ml/g)} = \frac{0.70}{d - 1} ]

• ( d ) = Density of lime putty (g/ml)

Procedure (Clause 3.3)

• Determine density ( d ) by weighing a known volume of lime putty using the density vessel (Fig. 2).
• Eliminate air bubbles for accuracy.
• Slake quicklime at 50°C and 100°C; select putty with higher volume yield.

Volume Yield Table (Clause 3.4.2)