Methods of test for strength and stability of tables and trolleys, Part 2: Stability

IS 5974: Scope & Key Specifications for Divans and Easy Chairs

Scope (Clause 2.0)

• Defines terms and dimensions relevant to divans and easy chairs.

Key Dimensions (Clause 4.1 & Table 1)

• Included angle (θ) between seat and backrest: 110° to 115°

Notes on Testing (Clause 0.3)

• Test results should be rounded as per IS 2-1960.
• Maintain the same number of significant digits as in the standard.

Visual Reference: Easy Chair Dimensions

graph LR
    SeatHeight[A: Seat Height (380-400 mm)]
    SeatDepth[B: Clear Seat Depth (525-600 mm)]
    ArmrestHeight[C: Armrest Height above Seat (150-230 mm)]
    Angle[θ: Included Angle (110°-115°)]

    SeatHeight --> SeatDepth --> ArmrestHeight --> Angle

This concise scope and dimensional data ensure ergonomic and standardized furniture design per IS 5974.

IS 5974: Definitions & Key Specifications

Definitions (Clause 2.1)

• Divan: A sitting room furniture piece usable for sitting, squatting, or reclining supine.

Key Dimensions (Clause 4.1, Table 1 & Fig. 1)

Notes:

• Dimensions correspond to divans and easy chairs.
• The included angle ($) is critical for ergonomic comfort.
• Rounding off test results must follow IS 2-1960 rules, maintaining significant figures per the standard.

flowchart LR
    A[Seat Height (A): 380-400mm] --> Chair[Divan/Easy Chair]
    B[Seat Depth (B): 525-600mm] --> Chair
    C[Armrest Height (C): 150-230mm] --> Chair
    D[Angle $: 110°-115°] --> Chair

This ensures ergonomic and dimensional compliance per IS 5974.

IS 5974 - Materials Specifications Summary

Mild Steel Sheets (Clause 3.2)

• Conform to:
  • IS 513:1973 (Cold rolled carbon steel sheets)
  • IS 1079:1973 (Hot rolled carbon steel sheets and strips)

Aluminium Sheets (Clause 3.4)

• Conform to:
  • IS 737:1974, designation 31500 or 40800 in H2 condition (Wrought aluminium and alloys, sheet and strip)

Particle Board (Clause 3.7)

• Conform to:
  • IS 3087:1986
• Type:
  • Flat pressed, three-layer particle boards for divans and easy chairs

Paints and Finishes (Clause 3.15)

• Follow schedule in:
  • IS 2338 (Part 2):1967

Related IS Codes for Welding and Wood Materials

Key Notes:

• Use H2 condition aluminium sheets for better strength and formability.
• Particle boards must be flat pressed and three-layered to ensure structural integrity.
• Paints and finishes must comply with IS 2338 schedules for durability.

flowchart LR
    A[Materials] --> B[Mild Steel Sheets]
    A --> C[Aluminium Sheets]
    A --> D[Particle Board]
    A --> E[Paints & Finishes

IS 5974: Functional Dimensions for Divans and Easy Chairs

Key Dimensions (Clause 4.1 & Table 1)

Additional Specification

• Included Angle (Seat Back to Seat Base):
  ( \theta = 110^\circ \text{ to } 115^\circ )
  This angle ensures ergonomic comfort.

Summary Diagram (Fig. 1 Easy Chair)

graph LR
    A[Seat Height (A): 380-400 mm]
    B[Seat Depth (B): 525-600 mm]
    C[Armrest Height (C): 150-230 mm]
    theta[Included Angle: 110°-115°]

    A --> Seat[Seat Surface]
    B --> Seat
    C --> Armrest
    Seat --> theta

Note: These dimensions apply to domestic furniture suitable for sitting, squatting, or reclining (divans). Use these as design guidelines to ensure comfort and compliance with IS 5974.

IS 5974: Sampling and Test Procedures - Key Points

Sampling (Clause 5.1)

• Sampling scheme: For every extra 200 units or part thereof in a batch, one sample shall be drawn.
• Samples are taken to represent the batch for testing.

Testing (Clause 5.2 and related)

• Samples undergo:
  • Inspection as per Clauses 5.2.1, 5.3, 5.4
  • Tests as per Clauses 5.4.1, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8.1

Dimensions for Divans and Easy Chairs (Clause 4.1, Table 1)

Rounding Off Test Results (Clause 0.3)

• Round off test results following IS 2-1960.
• Retain the same number of significant digits as specified in the standard.

Summary Diagram: Sampling & Testing Flow

flowchart TD
    A[Batch of Units] --> B{Batch Size > 200?}
    B -- Yes --> C[Draw 1 Sample per 200 units]
    B -- No --> D[Draw 1 Sample]
    C --> E[Inspection (5.2.1, 5.3, 5.4)]
    D --> E
    E --> F[Testing (5.4.1, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8.1)]
    F --> G[Results Rounded per IS 2-1960]

This ensures representative sampling and standardized testing for quality compliance.

IS 5974: Stability Tests for Divans and Easy Chairs

While IS 5974 does not explicitly provide detailed formulas for stability tests, the standard emphasizes dimensional specifications and testing protocols essential for stability assessment.

Key Specifications (Clause 4.1 & Table 1)

These dimensions ensure ergonomic stability and comfort.

Stability Testing Guidelines (Clause 5)

• Samples must be drawn as per Clause 5.1.
• Tests include inspection of dimensions, surface finish, strength, and stability (Clauses 5.2 to 5.8).
• Stability tests typically involve applying loads to check tipping or rocking resistance.

General Stability Test Concept

• Apply a horizontal force or tilt the chair to check the tipping angle.
• The chair should not tip under specified loads or angles.

graph LR
A[Apply Load/Force] --> B{Does Chair Tip?}
B -- No --> C[Pass Stability Test]
B -- Yes --> D[Fail Stability Test]

Rounding Off Results

• Final test values must be rounded per IS 2-1960.
• Retain the same significant figures as specified in IS 5974.

For detailed load values and test setups, refer to related material standards or furniture testing guidelines.

IS 5974: Surface Resistance Tests - Key Points & References

The standard mandates testing finished wood surfaces for resistance to various conditions as per IS 5807 parts:

Summary of Tests:

• Dry Heat (5.5): Samples exposed to dry heat; rating per IS 5807 Part 1.
• Wet Heat (5.6): Samples subjected to hot water immersion; rating per IS 5807 Part 2.
• Marking by Liquids (5.7): Surface tested for stains/marks by liquids; rating per IS 5807 Part 4.
• Mechanical Damage (5.8.1): Impact, cross-cut, and scrape tests; rating per IS 5807 Part 6.

Typical Rating Scale (IS 5807 Example):

Practical Notes:

• Ratings are average values from multiple samples.
• Mechanical tests include impact energy, cross-cut adhesion, and scrape abrasion.
• Refer to IS 5807 parts for detailed test procedures and apparatus.

flowchart LR
    A[Finished Surface] --> B[Dry Heat Test (IS 5807 Part 1)]
    A --> C[Wet Heat Test (IS 5807 Part 2)]
    A --> D[Marking by Liquids (IS 5807 Part 4)]
    A --> E[Mechanical Damage Tests (IS 5807 Part 6)]
    B --> F[Rating ≥ 7]
    C --> G[Rating ≥ 7]
    D --> H[Rating ≥ 8]
    E

IS 5974: Marking and Identification Key Points

• Clause 5.7:

  • Finished surfaces must resist marking by liquids per IS 5807 (Part 4)-1975.
  • Minimum qualifying average rating = 8 on the IS 5807 scale.

• Clause 6.1:

  • All divans and easy chairs must be marked with:
    • Manufacturer's mark
    • Type of product
    • Size details

• Related Test Methods (for wooden furniture finishes):

  Test Aspect	IS 5807 Part No.	Description
  Adhesion of plies	Part 5	Test for plywood ply adhesion
  Resistance to dry heat	Part 1	Clear finishes dry heat resistance
  Resistance to wet heat	Part 2	Clear finishes wet heat resistance
  Resistance to marking by liquids	Part 4	Surface marking resistance
  Resistance to mechanical damage	Part 6	Mechanical damage resistance

• Eco Marking (Clause 7.2):

  • Products labeled as ECO Mark must meet specific environmental criteria (refer CED 35).

Summary Table for Marking Requirements

flowchart TD
    A[Finished Surface] --> B[Test Resistance to Liquids]
    B --> C{Rating ≥ 8?}
    C -->|Yes| D[Pass Surface Marking Test]
    C -->|No| E[Fail - Rework Required]
    F[Divans & Easy Chairs] --> G[Mark Manufacturer]
    F --> H[Mark Type & Size]

Note: Refer IS 5807 for detailed test procedures and rating scales.

IS 5974: Additional Requirements for ECO Mark

Key Points:

• ECO Mark certification requires compliance with specific product standards referenced in IS 5974.
• Manufacturer must provide documentary evidence (certificate/declaration) to BIS for ECO Mark application.

Specific ECO Mark Requirements:

Summary:

• MDF and Particle Board must conform to their respective ECO Mark standards (IS 12406 & IS 3087).
• These referenced IS codes specify additional environmental and quality criteria (e.g., formaldehyde emission limits, strength, durability).
• Compliance ensures eco-friendly manufacturing and product safety.

flowchart LR
    A[IS 5974 ECO Mark Requirements] --> B(MDF: IS 12406:1988)
    A --> C(Particle Board: IS 3087:1985)
    B --> D[Compliance with ECO criteria]
    C --> D
    D --> E[Certificate/Declaration to BIS]

For detailed mechanical or emission limits, refer directly to IS 12406 and IS 3087 ECO Mark clauses.

Rounding Off of Test Results as per IS 5974

• According to Clause 0.3 of IS 5974, all test results (observed or calculated) must be rounded off following IS 2:1960 rules.
• The number of significant digits in the rounded value should match the number of significant digits in the specified standard value.

Key Points from IS 2:1960 (Rounding Rules)

• If the digit to be dropped is less than 5, the preceding digit remains unchanged.
• If the digit to be dropped is more than 5, the preceding digit is increased by one.
• If the digit to be dropped is exactly 5, followed only by zeros, the preceding digit is rounded to the nearest even number.

Example:

Summary Table from IS 5974 (Clause 4.1)

This ensures consistency and accuracy in reporting test results for furniture dimensions and other parameters.

IS 5974: Preservative Treatments for Timber - Key Points

1. Timber Seasoning & Moisture Content

• Timber for lipping must be well seasoned as per IS 1141.
• Moisture content should comply with IS 287, which specifies max permissible moisture for different uses (typically 10-15% for furniture).

2. Preservative Treatment (IS 401)

• Sapwood of durable species and all non-durable timbers must be treated.
• Common preservatives: Copper Chrome Arsenate (CCA), creosote, or water-borne preservatives.
• Treatment methods: pressure impregnation, dipping, or brushing.

3. Paint & Finishing (IS 2338 Part 2)

• Finishing materials (paint, enamel, varnish) should follow the schedules in IS 2338.
• Proper finishing enhances durability and resistance to moisture and heat.

Typical Preservative Treatment Parameters (from IS 401):

Moisture Content Limits (IS 287)

flowchart LR
  A[Raw Timber] --> B[Seasoning (IS 1141)]
  B --> C{Durability?}
  C -->|Durable| D[Preservative Treatment (Sapwood only)]
  C -->|Non-Durable| E[Preservative Treatment (Whole Timber)]
  D & E --> F[Moisture Content Check (IS 287)]
  F --> G[Finishing (Paint/Enamel - IS 2338)]
  G --> H[Final Product]

Summary: Use well-seasoned timber, treat sapwood/non-durable timbers with preservatives per IS 401, maintain moisture content per IS 287, and finish

IS 5974 references several other Indian Standards to ensure material quality, testing, and dimensional accuracy. While the code itself does not list detailed formulas or tables, it mandates compliance with related standards, notably:

• IS 2:1960 — Rules for rounding off numerical values (important for test results and specifications).
• Standards for materials used (e.g., steel, cement, aggregates) are referenced for quality control.
• Testing procedures and surface finish requirements refer to appropriate IS codes for consistency.

Key Points:

• Rounding off: Use IS 2:1960 for final test values, matching the number of significant digits to the specified value.
• Material standards: Refer to relevant IS codes for properties and testing of constituent materials.
• Surface finish: Newly included tests ensure compliance with finish quality per updated IS references.

Summary Table (Example):

This ensures uniformity and reliability in structural elements covered by IS 5974.

graph LR
A[IS 5974] --> B[Material Standards]
A --> C[Rounding Off (IS 2:1960)]
A --> D[Surface Finish Tests]
B --> E[Steel, Cement, Aggregates Standards]
D --> F[Updated Testing Procedures]