Code of practice for planning and design of ports and harbours, Part 5: Layout and functional requirements

IS 4651 Part 5 - Scope: Key Formulas, Tables & Specifications

1. Dimensional Formulas (Clause 1.2 & 1.4)

• For vessel mooring with buoys:

  [ X = 1.2L + r + 110 \quad ; \quad W = 2r + B ]

  where,

  • (L) = Length of vessel (m)
  • (r) = Radius of swing of buoy (m)
  • (B) = Beam of vessel (m)
  • 110 = Equivalent to 4 shackles (length unit)

• Alternative formula (Clause 1.4):

  [ X = 1.4L + 2r \quad ; \quad W = 2r + B ]

2. Dimensions of Berths (Clause 6.3)

3. Fire Water Supply (Clause 10.1.5)

• For storage sheds with automatic sprinklers:

  • 4,500 l/min for 4 hours
  • Residual pressure: 98 kN/m² (1.0 kgf/cm²)

• Without sprinklers (hydrant system):

  • 9,000 l/min
  • Residual pressure:

IS 4651 Part 5: General Planning Considerations for Harbour Layout

Key Specifications & Guidelines

1. Dimensions (Clause 7.2.1)

• Harbour basin dimensions depend on vessel size, maneuvering space, and tidal variations.
• Minimum depth should accommodate the largest vessel draft + under keel clearance.
• Width and length must allow safe berthing and navigation.

2. Layout (Clause 5.1)

• Consider wind direction, current, and wave action.
• Ensure adequate turning circles and berthing spaces.
• Plan for future expansion and accessibility.

3. Functional & Operational Buildings (Clause 9.1)

• Include warehouses, administrative offices, customs, maintenance workshops.
• Location should optimize logistics flow, security, and accessibility.
• No fixed standards; follow operational needs and site constraints.

Typical Planning Checklist

flowchart LR
    A[Harbour Layout Planning] --> B[Determine Vessel Sizes]
    B --> C[Set Basin Dimensions]
    C --> D[Plan Berthing Spaces]
    D --> E[Allocate Functional Buildings]
    E --> F[Ensure Accessibility & Security]

Summary: IS 4651 Part 5 emphasizes dimensioning harbour basins based on vessel requirements, logical layout considering environmental factors, and strategic placement of functional buildings to optimize port operations.

IS 4651 Part 5: Site Selection and Natural Conditions – Key Points

1. Site Selection Criteria

• Meteorological Factors (Clause 3.5): Avoid sites prone to severe, frequent storms to ensure structural safety and operational reliability.
• Strategic & Security Conditions (Clause 3.7): Consider military, security, and strategic importance of the site to avoid vulnerabilities.

2. Physical & Topographical Features (Clause 3.3)

• Assess terrain, soil type, and natural shelter.
• Prefer sites with natural protection against waves and currents.
• Evaluate navigation channel characteristics per IS 7314-1974 definitions.

3. Navigation Channel (Clause 2.1)

• Use IS 7314-1974 for definitions and parameters related to channel dimensions and navigability.

Typical Parameters for Site Evaluation

Formula: Basic Wind Pressure (IS 875 Part 3)

[ P = 0.6 \times V^2 ]

• P = wind pressure (kN/m²)
• V = design wind speed (m/s)

flowchart TD
    A[Site Selection] --> B[Meteorological Factors]
    A --> C[Topographical Features]
    A --> D[Strategic & Security]
    B --> E[Avoid Severe Storm Areas]
    C --> F[Natural Shelter]
    C --> G[Soil & Terrain]
    D --> H[Security Assessment]

This concise framework helps ensure the selected site meets safety, operational, and strategic needs per IS 4651 Part 5.

Navigation Channel Design per IS 4651 Part 5 (1980) key points:

Depth Design Factors (Clause 4.6)

• Vessel characteristics: size, draft, hull shape, speed, and trim (drag)
• Current velocity in the channel
• Squat effect: ratio of ship's immersed cross-section to channel cross-section at low water
• Channel type: fully restricted, semi-restricted, or unrestricted
• Number of lanes
• Environmental forces: wind, waves, tidal variation
• Dredging pattern and frequency
• Salinity and bottom material
• Survey accuracy and net under keel clearance

Channel Width Design (Clause 4.7.1)

The clear width at dredged bed =
Manoeuvring lane width + 2 × Bank clearance + Passing clearance (if 2 lanes)

General Design Notes (Clause 4.0)

• Account for local conditions: currents, winds, visibility, weather
• Use port experience for alignment, width, depth, turning circles
• Strategic and security considerations must be included (Clause 3.7)

Summary formula for channel width (single lane):

[ W = (1.8 \text{ to } 2.0) \times B + 2 \times (0.75 \text{ to } 1.5) \times B ]

where (B) = beam of largest vessel.

flowchart LR
    A[Vessel Beam (B)] --> B[Manoeuvring Lane: 1.8-2.0 B]
    A --> C[Bank Clearance: 0.75-1.5 B (each side)]
    B & C --> D[Channel Width = Manoeuvring + 2×Bank Clearance]
    D --> E{Two Lane Channel?}
    E -- Yes --> F[Add Passing Clearance ≥ B]
    E -- No --> G[Final Channel Width

IS 4651 Part 5: Harbour Basin Layout - Key Specifications & Tables

1. Layout Considerations (Clause 5.1)

• Harbour basin layout includes berthing area, passage/manoeuvring area, turning basin, anchorages, and offshore moorings.
• Size should be minimized for economic efficiency but allow safe vessel operations.
• Separate water areas needed for channels, special berths, and spoil grounds.

2. Water Area Components (Clause 5.3)

• Berthing area
• Passage and manoeuvring area
• Turning basin/circle
• Anchorages and offshore moorings

3. Wave Tranquility Conditions (Clause 5.4.1)

4. Current Velocity (Clause 4.8.1)

• Maximum current velocity in harbour entrance channels should not exceed 4 knots (7.4 km/h).
• If exceeded, channel cross-section must be adjusted to maintain sediment flow and stability.

Summary Diagram of Harbour Basin Layout Components:

graph LR
    A[Harbour Basin] --> B[Berthing Area]
    A --> C[Passage & Manoeuvring Area]
    A --> D[Turning Basin]
    A --> E[Anchorages

IS 4651 Part 5 - Key Specifications for Piers, Wharves, and Berth Design

1. Dimensions (Clause 6.3 & Fig. 9)

• Pier length (L): 50 to 60 m (based on largest vessel)
• Apron width (a): Depends on mooring and utility needs
• Turning space for trucks (e): 6 to 15 m inversely proportional to apron width
• Transit shed area: Refer Clause 7.2.1.1, proportional to berth length (L)
• Track gauge for cranes: Standard 6.0 m (Clause 6.3.9.1)

2. Typical Pier Types (Fig. 9)

3. Design Considerations

• Largest vessel size governs pier length and depth (Appendix A for water depth)
• Bulk/container berths: Coordinate with mechanical handling equipment
• Crosswinds and currents: Must be factored in for structural stability (Clause 5.5.3)

Summary Formula for Transit Shed Area (Clause 7.2.1.1)

[ \text{Area} = k \times L \quad \text{(where } k \text{ is a factor depending on cargo type)} ]

flowchart LR
    A[Largest Vessel Size] --> B[Pier Length & Depth]
    B --> C[Apron Width & Mooring Facilities]
    C --> D[Transit Shed & Storage Area]
    D --> E[Railway Tracks & Truck Lanes]
    E --> F[Crane Track Gauge (6m)]
    F --> G[Final Pier Design]

**Use IS 4651 Part 5

IS 4651 Part 5 - Storage Facilities and Sheds: Key Specifications

1. Construction & Fire Resistance (Clause 10.1.1)

• Use non-combustible materials: reinforced concrete bricks, steel frames with corrugated iron/asbestos cladding.
• Fire resistance enhanced by:
  • Encasing structural steel in concrete.
  • Minimum 12 cm thick concrete floor slabs.
• Fire walls:
  • Transit sheds/warehouses: spaced at 100 m or when floor area > 4000 m².
  • Piers: fire stops at 50 m, fire walls at 150 m.

2. Ventilation & Lighting (Clause 7.2.1.8)

• Ventilators: Provide 1.5 air changes per hour.
  • Types: round gravity, continuous ridge, forced mechanical.
• Lighting:
  • Natural daylight via roof/side wall lighting.
  • Artificial lighting to supplement.
  • Recommended average horizontal illuminance: 100 lux.

3. Safety Devices (Clause 7.2.1.8c)

• Guard openings, ramps with concrete curbs and pipe handrails.

4. Structural Layout

• Column spacing (Clause 7.2.1.4):
  • Minimum span: 12 m both directions.
  • Wall columns spacing: 6 to 8 m depending on door size.
• Doors (Clause 7.2.1.5):
  • Doors at front and back, opposite each other.
  • Large doors at gable ends for vehicle access.
  • Door spacing: ideally in each bay or alternate bay for narrow aprons.

Summary Table: Key Dimensions

IS 4651 Part 5: Port Railways & Internal Transport Key Points

Port Railways (Clause 8.1.2)

• System Capacity: Should match expected inward/outward rail traffic volume.
• Key Components:
  • Exchange Siding/Marshalling Yard: For train exchange between main line and port railways.
  • Classification Yard/Sorting Siding: Breaks main line trains into berth/warehouse trains or dispatch trains.
  • Sick/Heavy Repair Line: For inspection and repair of wagons, especially bulk material wagons.
  • Shunting Loco Sheds & Fuelling: For port locomotive maintenance.
  • Automatic Wagon Movement & Control: To optimize port railway operations.

Roads in Port (Clause 8.1.1)

• Road Types & Widths:
  • Arterial Roads: 18 m wide
  • Feeder Roads: 12 m wide
  • Circulatory Roads: 9 m wide
• Design Considerations:
  • Arterial roads located behind berths, linked to public roads.
  • Minimize rail crossings over arterial roads.
  • Proper camber, superelevation, drainage, lighting.
  • Passing lanes for single-lane roads.
  • Provision for ducts/tunnels for services under roads.

Transit Sheds (Clause 7.2.1.9)

• Prefer single-storey sheds unless space-restricted.
• Max two-storey sheds; with 3 m setback/cantilever balcony on first floor for crane unloading.

Summary Table: Road Widths in Ports

flowchart LR
    A[Main Line Railway] --> B[Exchange Siding / Marshalling Yard]
    B --> C[Classification Yard / Sorting Siding]
    C --> D[Berths / Warehouses]
    C --> E[Dispatch Line]
    F[Sick/Heavy Repair Line] -.-> C
    G[Shunting Loco

IS 4651 Part 5: Functional and Operational Buildings - Key Points

1. Layout & Planning (Clause 9.1)

• No fixed standards; guidelines focus on functions and locations of buildings in port areas.
• Buildings should support smooth cargo handling and operational efficiency.

2. Quay Side Tracks (Clause 8.1.3)

• Provide if sufficient cargo for direct train loading/unloading.
• Typical provision:
  • 2 tracks on quay side
  • 2 tracks behind transit shed
  • One track on each side acts as a service track connecting sorting siding.
• Rails flush with quay surface to avoid road vehicle obstruction.

3. Appurtenances (Clause 7.2.1.8)

• Ventilation: Design for 1.5 air changes/hour.
  • Types: round gravity, continuous ridge, or mechanical forced draft ventilators.
• Lighting:
  • Natural daylight via roof/side wall openings.
  • Artificial lighting to supplement.
  • Recommended average horizontal illuminance: 100 lux.
• Safety devices:
  • Guard openings, ramps with concrete curbs and pipe handrails.

Summary Table

flowchart LR
    A[Functional Buildings] --> B[Ventilation: 1.5 ACH]
    A --> C[Lighting: 100 lux]
    A --> D[Quay Side Tracks]
    D --> E[2 tracks quay side]
    D --> F[2 tracks behind transit shed]
    A --> G[Safety Devices]
    G --> H[Concrete curbs]
    G --> I[Pipe handrails]

This ensures operational efficiency, safety, and comfort in port functional buildings.

IS 4651 Part 5 (1980) — Fire Protection Measures Key Points

1. Water Supply for Fire Fighting (Clause 10.1.5)

2. Fire Extinguishing Equipment (Clause 10.1.3)

• Soda acid or water-type portable extinguisher:
  Minimum 10 L per 200 m² floor area, not less than 20 L per floor.
• Hydrant hose reel:
  One 20/25 mm diameter hose per 400 m² or at least one per floor.
• Water buckets:
  Minimum 3 per 200 m² floor area, at least one per floor.

3. Preventive Measures (Clause 10.1)

• Separate piers from buildings/storage by open space.
• Use non-combustible materials; fire stops and fire walls for compartmentalization.
• Provide automatic sprinklers and/or fire hydrants.
• Maintain adequate fresh/salt water supply under pressure.
• Install fire alarms and maintain electrical equipment properly.

Summary Diagram of Fire Protection System Components

graph LR
    A[Water Source] --> B[Pump System]
    B --> C[Hydrant Network]
    B --> D[Automatic Sprinkler System]
    C --> E[Hydrant Hose Reels]
    D --> F[Sprinkler Heads]
    E --> G[Portable Extinguishers & Buckets]
    F --> G
    G --> H[Fire Fighting Personnel]

This ensures comprehensive fire protection at port facilities per IS 4651 Part 5.