Code of practice for planning and design of ports and harbours, Part 1: Site investigation

IS 4651 Part 1 (1974) - Scope: Key Specifications & Forms

• Scope: Covers site data reporting, wave, wind, tidal info for dock & harbour engineering.

Key Forms & Tables:

1. Appendix A: Bore Hole Log Proforma (Clause 7.2.8)

   • Records soil strata, classification, depth, thickness, core recovery, sampling type, SPT blows, groundwater.
   • Sample Types: U (Undisturbed), D (Disturbed), C (Core), W (Water), P (Penetrometer), DL (Large disturbed).

2. Appendix B: Site Data Summary Form (Clause 11.1)

   • Includes client, project purpose, ship parameters, usage, life, channel dimensions, facilities, completion time.

3. Wave & Wind Rose Diagrams (Clause 3.0, 5.3.3)

   • Monthly wave height & period rose diagrams (A1 size 594x841 mm).
   • Wind force rose diagram with Beaufort scale.

4. Beaufort Wind Scale Table

IS 4651 Part 1 - Site Description: Key Points & Formats

1. Site Description Requirements (Clause 2.1)

• Designation of site
• Latitude & Longitude (Survey of India map sheet no. or Mercantile Marine Dept. map)
• Altitude
• Hinterland characteristics: Nearby towns/villages, local features
• Accessibility & historical background
• Purpose & type of project

2. Geological Data (Clause 2.6)

• Published geology & geomorphology references
• Geophysical survey details:
  • Location & category of base rocks
  • Bedrock characteristics
  • Geological features (faults, folds, dip, strike, unconformities)
• Quarry sites info:
  • Location & distance
  • Rock type & crushing strength
  • Rock formations

3. Borehole Log Format (Appendix A)

Sample Types Legend:

• U: Undisturbed
• D: Disturbed
• C: Core
• W: Water
• P: Penetrometer
• DL: Large disturbed

4. Site Data Reporting Form (Appendix B)

Includes:

• Client & project info
• Design ships & parameters
• Usage & life of structures
• Channel & berth dimensions
• Dock/shore facilities & special requirements
• Completion time

Summary Diagram of Site Data Collection Process

flowchart TD
    A[Site Identification] --> B[Geographical Data]
    B --> C[Geological Survey]
    C --> D[Borehole Investigation]
    D --> E[Data Logging (Appendix A)]
    E --> F[Site Data Reporting (Appendix B)]
    F --> G[Design & Planning]

Use these formats and data points to ensure comprehensive site description and geological investigation per IS 4651 Part 1 (1974).

IS 4651 Part 1: Survey Requirements Summary

Key Specifications (Clause 3.1 & 2.3.1):

• Topographical Survey Area: Adequate coverage of the project site.
• General Planning Maps:
  • Scale: 1 : 50,000
  • Contour Interval: 20 m
• Detailed Planning Maps:
  • Minimum Scale: 1 : 5,000
  • Preferred Scales: 1 : 2,500 or 1 : 1,250
  • Contour Interval: 1 m
  • No map scale less than 1:5,000 for detailed planning.

Required Survey Maps (Clause 2.3.1):

• Plan with GTS bench marks and cardinal points (scale 1:50,000).
• Contour plan with 1 m contour interval (scale ≥ 1:5,000).
• Auxiliary plan showing relative heights of landmarks.
• Relief maps for terrain visualization.

Summary Table:

flowchart LR
    A[Start: Project Site] --> B[Topographical Survey]
    B --> C{Planning Type}
    C -->|General| D[Map Scale 1:50,000]
    C -->|Detailed| E[Map Scale ≥ 1:5,000]
    D --> F[Contour Interval 20 m]
    E --> G[Contour Interval 1 m]
    E --> H[Auxiliary & Relief Maps]

This ensures accurate terrain data for design and construction per IS 4651 Part 1.

IS 4651 (Part 1) - 1974: Meteorological Data Summary

Key Meteorological Parameters (Clause 4.1):

• Relative Humidity
• Temperature
• Barometric Pressure

Data Sources (Clause 4.7):

• Handbook of Cyclonic Storms
• Tracks of storms and depressions in Bay of Bengal & Arabian Sea (1964)
• Synoptic charts by India Meteorological Department (IMD)

Specifications:

• Collect long-term data covering above parameters for design.
• Use IMD publications for cyclone and storm track data.
• For coastal projects, integrate meteorological data with oceanographic data (Clause 3.2).

Hydrographic Survey Scales (Clause 3.2):

Typical Use in Design:

• Relative humidity and temperature affect material durability.
• Barometric pressure helps in storm surge and wind load calculations.
• Cyclone data critical for coastal structure safety.

flowchart LR
    A[Meteorological Data] --> B[Relative Humidity]
    A --> C[Temperature]
    A --> D[Barometric Pressure]
    A --> E[Storm & Cyclone Tracks]
    E --> F[IMD Publications]
    A --> G[Oceanographic Data Integration]

For detailed design, always refer to latest IMD data and local meteorological records.

IS 4651 Part 1 - Oceanographic Data: Key Points & Specifications

Data to be collected (Clause 5.1 & 2.5.5):

• Wave characteristics:
  • Maximum wave height (wind waves & swells)
  • Significant wave height (H_s), wave period (T), and wavelength (L)
  • Wave direction and wave roses (directional distribution)
  • Long-period wave data
• Storm surges:
  • Local storm surge heights and harbour resonance effects
• Sea water temperature
• Suspended sediment load
• Frequency of occurrence for the design storm (important for reliability)

Important references (Clause 4.7):

• Use data from India Meteorological Department publications:
  • Handbook of Cyclonic Storms
  • Tracks of Storms and Depressions in Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea (1964)
  • Synoptic charts

Key formula for wave length (deep water waves):

[ L = \frac{g T^2}{2 \pi} ]

• (L) = wavelength (m)
• (g) = acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s²)
• (T) = wave period (s)

Significant wave height (H_s):

• Defined as the average height of the highest one-third of waves observed.

Summary Table Example for Wave Data Collection

flowchart TD
    A[Oceanographic Data] --> B[Waves]
    A --> C[Storm Surges]
    A --> D[Sea Water Temperature]
    A --> E[ Suspended Load]

    B --> B1[Max Wave Height]
    B -->

IS 4651 Part 1: Geological Data Key Points

1. Geological Data Requirements (Clause 2.6 & 6.3)

• Published Information: Site geology, geomorphology references (pamphlets, publications).
• Geophysical Survey:
  • Location & category of base rocks.
  • Bedrock characteristics.
  • Geological features: faults, folds, unconformities, dip, strike.
• Quarry Data:
  • Location & distance from site.
  • Rock type & crushing strength.
  • Rock formations.
• Compilation (6.3):
  • Bedrock type, origin, formation.
  • Faults, fissures, folds, unconformities.
  • Crushing strength & suitability for marine works.

2. Soil Investigation (Clause 2.7)

• Borehole locations and logs.
• Soil strata properties table.
• Soil test summaries.
• Groundwater level & variation.
• Artesian head & pumping test data.

Typical Table: Rock Crushing Strength (Example)

Summary Diagram of Geological Data Collection

flowchart TD
    A[Published Info] --> B[Geophysical Survey]
    B --> C[Base Rock Location & Category]
    B --> D[Bedrock Characteristics]
    B --> E[Geological Features]
    A --> F[Quarry Data]
    F --> G[Quarry Location & Distance]
    F --> H[Rock Type & Crushing Strength]
    F --> I[Rock Formations]
    C --> J[Compilation of Geological Data]
    D --> J
    E --> J
    G --> J
    H --> J
    I --> J

Note: For detailed design, refer to IS 4651 Part 1 clauses 2.6, 6.3, and 2.7 for comprehensive geological and subsurface data requirements.

IS 4651 (Part 1) - Soil Investigation Key Points

1. Subsurface Exploration (Clause 7.2)

• Conducted per IS 1892-1962 guidelines.
• Includes boreholes, trial pits, and field tests.
• Borehole depth for intermediate borings: 2H (where H = elevation difference).

2. Boring Layout (Fig. 6)

• Main borings and intermediate borings arranged systematically for waterfront structures.
• Intermediate borings classified as:
  • First order: Closer spacing near main borings.
  • Second order: Wider spacing.

3. Data Compilation (Clause 7.4)

• Field and lab test results tabulated.
• Properties of strata to include:
  • Soil type
  • Bearing capacity
  • Permeability
  • Shear strength
  • Compressibility

4. Geological Data (Clause 6.3)

• Bedrock type and formation.
• Faults, fissures, folds.
• Crushing strength and suitability for marine works.

Typical Table Format for Soil Properties:

Summary Diagram: Borehole Layout for Waterfront Structures

graph TD
    A(Main Boring)
    B1(Intermediate Boring 1st Order)
    B2(Intermediate Boring 2nd Order)
    A -->|Distance = H| B1
    B1 -->|Distance = 2H| B2

Note: Use IS 1892 for detailed soil test methods and IS

IS 4651 Part 1: Seismic Data Key Points

1. Design Acceleration Coefficients (Clause 2.8)

• Horizontal acceleration coefficient (Ah): Used to calculate seismic forces horizontally.
• Vertical acceleration coefficient (Av): Used for vertical seismic effects, generally smaller than Ah.

These are site-specific and depend on seismic zone and soil conditions. Refer to IS 1893-1970 for precise values.

2. Site-Specific Seismic Data (Clause 8.1)

• Collect historical seismic activity data at the site.
• Use past earthquake records to estimate design accelerations.
• Refer IS 1893 for seismic zoning and coefficients.

3. Soil & Geological Data (Clause 7.4 & 9)

• Compile soil strata properties from field/lab tests.
• Use these for dynamic soil-structure interaction analysis.

Typical Formula for Seismic Base Shear (from IS 1893):

[ V_b = Ah \times W ]

• (V_b): Base shear
• (Ah): Design horizontal acceleration coefficient
• (W): Effective seismic weight of structure

Summary Table: Acceleration Coefficients (Indicative)

flowchart TD
    A[Site Survey] --> B[Seismic Data Collection]
    B --> C[Determine Ah & Av]
    C --> D[Soil Investigation]
    D --> E[Design Seismic Forces]
    E --> F[Structural Design]

References: IS 4651 Part 1 (1974), IS 1893-1970 (Seismic Code)

IS 4651 Part 1: Local Resources - Key Points

• Definition (Clause 9.1): Local resources include men (labor), materials, and machines available near the construction site.

• Location of Resources (Clause 2.9): Resources should be identified based on proximity to minimize transportation and handling costs.

• Seismic Data (Clause 8.1): Collect past seismic activity data for the site per IS 1893 for design safety considerations.

• Costing (Clause 9.6): Gather local rates for:

  • Materials
  • Labor
  • Transportation
  • Plant/machinery hiring

Practical Approach for Local Resource Planning:

Summary Diagram:

flowchart LR
    A[Local Resources] --> B[Men (Labor)]
    A --> C[Materials]
    A --> D[Machines]
    A --> E[Transportation]
    B --> F[Wages, Availability]
    C --> G[Types, Rates]
    D --> H[Hiring Rates]
    E --> I[Cost per km]

Note: Use local resource data to optimize project cost and schedule as per IS 4651 guidelines.

Key Specifications & Formulas for Boring Layouts (IS 4651 Part 1)

1. Boring Layout & Depth (Clause 7.2.4)

• Main borings: Along top edge of shore, spaced 50 m apart.
• Depth of boring (d): [ d = \max \left(3,m,, 2H \right) ] where H = difference in elevation of ground surface on either side of the structure.
• Borings may be deeper if needed to investigate underlying strata.
• Use large diameter bores in reclaimed areas or where embedded boulders exist.

2. Boring Layout Hierarchy (Fig. 6)

• Main borings → Intermediate borings (First order) → Intermediate borings (Second order).
• Depth for main borings = 2H.

3. Bore Hole Log Format (Appendix A)

• Includes:
  • Soil classification, depth, thickness.
  • Core recovery %, sample type (U, D, C, W, P, DL).
  • Standard Penetration Test (SPT) blows.
  • Groundwater observation.

4. Site Data Reporting (Clause 11.1 & Appendix B)

• Use prescribed forms for:
  • Client/project details.
  • Site investigation results.
  • Design ship parameters.
  • Wharfage and dock facilities.
  • Special requirements and timelines.

Summary Table: Boring Depth & Spacing

flowchart TD
    A[Main Borings (spacing 50m)] --> B[Intermediate Borings (1st order)]
    B --> C[Intermediate Borings (2nd order)]
    A --> D[Boring Depth = max(3m, 2H)]

Use this layout and data reporting for effective site investigation of waterfront structures per IS 4651 (Part 1).

IS 4651 (Part 1) - 1974: Data Presentation Formats

Key Specifications & Formats

• Rose Diagrams for Wind Force (Clause 1.9)

  • Size: A1 sheet (594 x 841 mm)
  • Direction: Wind direction points towards the center
  • Center figure: Number of observations at specific hours over years
  • Includes Beaufort scale symbols and percent scale

• Rose Diagrams for Wave Heights and Periods (Clause 3.0 & 5.3.6)

  • Size: A1 sheet (594 x 841 mm)
  • Direction: Wave direction points towards the center
  • Center figure: Number of wave observations over years
  • Includes legends for wave height (m) and wave period (seconds)
  • Percent scale of frequency included

• Bore Hole Data (Clause 7.2.8)

  • Presented as bore hole logs with longitudinal & cross-sectional soil profiles
  • Location plan included
  • Recommended pro forma in Appendix A

Summary Table: Rose Diagram Presentation

flowchart LR
    A[Data Collection] --> B[Rose Diagram Preparation]
    B --> C{Type of Data}
    C -->|Wind Force| D[Wind Rose Diagram]
    C -->|Wave Height| E[Wave Height Rose Diagram]
    C -->|Wave Period| F[Wave Period Rose Diagram]
    D --> G[Sheet Size: A1]
    E --> G
    F --> G
    G --> H[Direction Towards Center]
    H --> I[Include Observations Count at Center]
    I --> J[Add Legends and % Frequency Scale]

This format ensures standardized, clear, and comparable presentation of wind

IS 4651 Part 1: Referenced Standards & Publications - Key Points

Referenced Standards (Amendments):

• IS 1892-1979: Code of practice for sub-surface investigation for foundations.
• IS 1893-1975: Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures.

Materials & Site Data (Clause 2.9.1 & 11.1):

• Materials include quarry yields, construction materials, and transport facilities.
• Site investigation data summarized using Appendix B form for easy assimilation.
• Borehole log format given in Appendix A includes:
  • Soil classification, depth, thickness
  • Core recovery %, sampling type (U, D, C, etc.)
  • Standard Penetration Test (SPT) blow counts
  • Groundwater observations

Important Tables & Figures:

• Table B-2.9.1: Materials and transportation facilities.
• Figure 3: Tidal information presentation (HHW, MHW, MSL, MLW, CD, LLW).
• Figure 1 & 2: Wind rose diagrams for wind force and Beaufort scale.

Example: Borehole Log Table (Appendix A)

Summary for Site Data Reporting (Appendix B):

• Client & job details
• Design ships & operational parameters
• Dock/harbour facilities & shore infrastructure
• Completion time & special requirements

flowchart TD
    A[Site Investigation] --> B[Borehole Logging]
    B --> C[Soil Classification]
    B --> D[SPT Tests]
    B --> E[Groundwater Observation]
    A --> F[Material Assessment]
    F --> G[Quarry Yields]
    F --> H[Transport Facilities]
    A --> I[Environmental Data]
    I --> J[Tidal Information]
    I --> K[Wind Rose Di