Methods of test for stabilized soils, Part 10: Test for soil-bituminous mixtures

IS 4332 Part 10 - Scope & Key Specifications

• Scope: Covers test methods for soil stabilization, including specimen preparation, absorption, expansion, and extrusion tests.

Key Specifications:

• Drying Oven (Clause 2.6):
  Maintain temperature at 60 ± 3℃.

• Measuring Device (Clause 2.7):
  Accuracy to nearest 0.2 mm for height and diameter.

Reporting Data (Clause 11.1 & 11.2):

Expansion Calculation (Clause 9.4):

[ \text{Expansion %} = \frac{D_2 - D_1}{D_1} \times 100 ]

• (D_1) = Diameter before absorption
• (D_2) = Diameter after absorption (average bottom diameter)

flowchart LR
    A[Soil Sample] --> B[Add Stabilizer & Water]
    B --> C[Prepare Specimen]
    C --> D[Measure Initial Dimensions]
    D --> E[Absorption Test]
    E --> F[Measure Dimensions After Absorption]
    F --> G[Calculate Expansion %]
    F --> H[Extrusion Test]
    G & H --> I[Report Data]

This standard ensures uniform procedures for soil stabilization testing with precise measurement and reporting protocols.

IS 4332 Part 10 - Apparatus Key Specifications

1. Compaction Apparatus (Clause 2.2)

• Comprises:
  • Compaction Mould (Fig. 1 & 2)
  • Compaction Plunger
  • Testing Plunger
  • Ring Support for Compaction Plunger
  • Tamper (Weight approx. 1200 g)
• Dimensional Tolerances: Inside diameters of moulds and plungers must be checked periodically for compliance.
• Dimensions are given in millimeters (see Fig. 1 & 2 for exact sizes).

2. Drying Oven (Clause 2.6)

• Maintains temperature at 60 ± 3°C.

3. Measuring Device (Clause 2.7)

• Calibrated to measure specimen heights and diameters to the nearest 0.2 mm.

4. Miscellaneous Equipment (Clause 2.12)

• Includes mixing pans, thermometers, etc.

Typical Dimensions (From Fig. 2 Summary)

flowchart LR
    A[Mixing] --> B[Compaction Mould]
    B --> C[Compaction Plunger]
    C --> D[Testing Plunger]
    D --> E[Measurement Device]
    E --> F[Drying Oven]

Note: Refer IS 4332 Part 10 (1969) Fig. 1 & 2 for exact dimensional details and tolerances.

IS 4332 Part 10: Bituminous Material - Key Points

1. Types of Bituminous Material (Clause 3.1)

• Emulsified asphalt
• Cut back asphalt
• Other liquid asphalt or tar
• Type & grade as per relevant IS standards (e.g., IS 217, IS 8887)

2. Moisture Control in Soil-Bituminous Mix (Clause 6.3.1)

• Moisture content tolerance: ±0.15% of specified moisture content
• If outside tolerance, discard and prepare new mix

3. Specimen Preparation (Clauses 6.1, 7.2)

• Specimen size: 50 mm diameter × 50 ± 1.2 mm height
• Weigh portions of soil-bituminous mix accordingly
• Form specimens as per sub-clauses 7.2.1 to 7.2.3 (compaction and curing details)

Typical Specimen Preparation Formula:

[ \text{Volume} = \pi \times \left(\frac{d}{2}\right)^2 \times h ]

Where:

• ( d = 50 , \text{mm} )
• ( h = 50 \pm 1.2 , \text{mm} )

Calculate volume to determine mix weight based on target density.

Summary Table: Specimen Dimensions

flowchart TD
  A[Select Bituminous Material] --> B[Prepare Soil-Bituminous Mix]
  B --> C{Check Moisture Content}
  C -- Within ±0.15% --> D[Form Specimens (50mm x 50mm)]
  C -- Outside Tolerance --> E[Discard & Prepare New Mix]
  D --> F[Compaction & Curing]
  F --> G[Testing]

For detailed grading and bitumen type, refer IS 217 and IS 8887.

IS 4332 Part 10: Preparation of Soil - Key Points & Formulas

1. Soil-Bituminous Mixture Preparation (Clause 6.2 & 4)

• Soil Quantity: Weigh 1000 g air-dried soil (dry basis).
• Mixing Procedure:
  • Add specified water to soil in mechanical mixer; mix 5 min (excluding scraping time).
  • Add specified emulsified asphalt; mix 5-10 min until homogeneous.
• Drying: Place mix in shallow pans; air dry to specified moisture content, stirring frequently to prevent crusting.

2. Moisture Content Control (Clause 6.3.1)

• Moisture Tolerance: ±0.15% from specified moisture.
• If outside tolerance, discard and remake mixture.

3. Handling Hard Clods (Note)

• Cut mixture into 12–15 mm dice when consistency permits.
• Stir cubes during drying.
• When near plastic limit, remix mechanically to granular mass.
• Continue drying with intermittent stirring to target moisture.

4. Data Reporting (Clause 11.1)

• Soil sample details
• Stabilizer type and % by dry soil weight
• Water % by dry soil weight
• Specimen dimensions before/after tests
• Specimen density

Summary Table: Mixing & Drying Steps

flowchart TD
    A[Weigh Soil (1000g)] --> B[Add Water & Mix 5 min]
    B --> C[Add Emulsified Asphalt & Mix 5-10 min]
    C --> D{Hard Clods Form?}
    D -- Yes --> E[Cut into 12-15 mm cubes]
    E --> F[Stir cubes during drying]
    F --> G[Remix

Moisture Content and Dry Weight of Soil (IS 4332 Part 10)

Key Formulas:

• Moisture Content (w):
  Determined by testing 100 g of air-dried soil as per IS 4332 (Part II)-1967.

• Dry Weight of Soil (Wa):
  [ W_a = \frac{100 \times W}{100 + w} ] where:

  • (W_a) = weight of dry soil (g)
  • (W) = weight of air-dried soil (g)
  • (w) = moisture content (%)

Specifications:

• Use 100 g of air-dried soil for moisture content determination.
• Follow IS 4332 (Part II)-1967 for moisture content test procedure.
• Test sieves should comply with IS standards for wire cloth (Part I).
• Moisture content of soil-bituminous mixtures is also determined as % of dry soil weight (Clause 6.3).

Summary Table:

flowchart TD
    A[Air-dried Soil Sample (100g)] --> B[Determine Moisture Content (w) %]
    B --> C[Calculate Dry Weight \(W_a = \frac{100W}{100+w}\)]
    C --> D[Use \(W_a\) for further tests (absorption, expansion, extrusion)]

This ensures accurate dry weight calculation critical for stabilized soil testing and mixture preparation.

IS 4332 Part 10: Preparation of Soil-Stabilizer Mixture

Key Specifications & Formulas

• Soil Sample Data to Report (Clause 11.1):

  • Soil details
  • Stabilizer type
  • Stabilizer quantity (% dry soil weight)
  • Water added (% dry soil weight)
  • Specimen dimensions before/after tests
  • Specimen density

• Dry Soil Weight Calculation (Clause 5.2):

[ W_a = \frac{100 \times W}{100 + w} ]

Where:

• (W_a) = dry soil weight (g)

• (W) = air-dry soil weight (g)

• (w) = moisture content (%)

• Bituminous Material (Clause 3.1):
  Use emulsified asphalt, cut-back asphalt, or tar per relevant IS standards.

• Moisture Content Tolerance (Clause 6.3.1):
  Moisture content must be within ±0.15% of specified value; otherwise, discard and remake mixture.

Summary Table

flowchart TD
    A[Soil Sample] --> B[Determine Moisture Content]
    B --> C[Calculate Dry Soil Weight \(W_a\)]
    C --> D[Add Stabilizer (% dry soil)]
    D --> E[Add Water (% dry soil)]
    E --> F[Mix Soil-Stabilizer]
    F --> G[Check Moisture Content ±0.15%]
    G -->|Within tolerance| H[Prepare Specimens]
    G -->|Outside tolerance| I[Discard & Remake Mixture]

This ensures standardized preparation for reliable stabilized soil testing as per IS 4332 Part 10.

IS 4332 Part 10: Preparation of Specimens - Key Points

Moisture Content Control (Clause 6.3.1)

• Moisture content must be within ±0.15% of specified value.
• If outside tolerance, discard and prepare a new mixture.

Specimen Dimensions & Measurement (Clause 2.7 & 7.2.3)

• Specimen height: 50 ± 1.2 mm
• Compaction load: 2725 ± 25 kg
• Compaction rate: 25 mm/min
• Measure height and diameter to nearest 0.2 mm
• Discard specimens outside tolerance.

Compaction Procedure (Clause 7.2.3)

• Compress specimen at 25 mm/min until 2725 kg load.
• Maintain load for 2 minutes.
• Remove, mark top, weigh, and measure.

Drying & Conditioning (Clause 2.6 & 9.2)

• Drying oven temp: 60 ± 3°C
• Soak specimens in distilled water, 25 mm above specimen bottom for 7 days.
• After soaking, blot surface moisture, record weight and average diameter.

Summary Table

flowchart TD
    A[Prepare soil-bituminous mix] --> B{Moisture content within ±0.15%?}
    B -- Yes --> C[Compact specimen at 25 mm/min to 2725 kg]
    B -- No --> D[Discard mix and prepare new]
    C --> E[Maintain load for 2 min, remove specimen]
    E --> F[Measure height & diameter (±

Curing of Specimens as per IS 4332 Part 10 (Clauses 8.1 & 8.2)

• Oven Temperature: Maintain at 60 ± 3ºC.
• Initial Curing: Place specimens in oven for 40 to 42 hours.
• Cooling & Weighing:
  • Remove specimens, cool in desiccator for ≥ 30 min to room temperature.
  • Weigh control specimens.
• Subsequent Drying:
  • Return specimens to oven.
  • After every 6 hours, remove, cool in desiccator, and weigh.
  • Repeat until constant weight is reached.

Definition of Constant Weight (Clause 8.2.1)

• Weight loss during a 6-hour oven period ≤ 0.3 g.
• Use one control specimen from each set of three for this check.

Additional Guidelines

• Curing only during laboratory operation hours (Clause 8.1.3).
• If curing must pause, store specimens in a sealed container to minimize moisture loss.
• Control and other specimens must be cooled and weighed under similar conditions (Clause 8.1.2).

Summary Table:

flowchart TD
    A[Start: Place specimens in oven (60±3ºC)] --> B[Initial curing: 40-42 hrs]
    B --> C[Remove specimens, cool in desiccator ≥30 min]
    C --> D[Weigh control specimens]
    D --> E[Return specimens to oven for 6 hrs]
    E --> F[Remove, cool, weigh specimens]
    F --> G{Weight loss ≤ 0.3 g in 6 hrs?}
    G -- No --> E
    G -- Yes --> H[Specimens cured to constant

IS 4332 (Part 10) - Procedure for Water Absorption and Expansion Tests

Key Formulas:

• Expansion Percent during absorption:

  [ \text{Expansion %} = \frac{D_2 - D_1}{D_1} \times 100 ]

  Where:

  • (D_1) = Average diameter of specimen before absorption
  • (D_2) = Average diameter of specimen after absorption

Test Procedure Highlights:

• Dry control specimens to constant weight (Clause 8.2.3).
• Measure and record weight, average height, and diameter before and after absorption.
• Perform tests on three specimens and report average values (Clause 11.2).

Data to Report (Clause 11.2):

• Water absorption (% increase in weight)
• Expansion (%) during absorption (as per formula above)
• Extrusion value after absorption
• Any additional specified data

Notes:

• The test applies to compacted soil or soil-aggregate mixtures with or without bituminous material.
• Results are for material characterization, not for pavement design.

flowchart TD
    A[Dry specimen to constant weight] --> B[Measure initial diameter (D1), height, weight]
    B --> C[Immerse specimen in water]
    C --> D[After absorption, measure diameter (D2), height, weight]
    D --> E[Calculate water absorption and expansion %]
    E --> F[Report average of 3 specimens]

This concise procedure ensures standardized evaluation of soil-water interaction effects per IS 4332 (Part 10).

IS 4332 Part 10: Procedure for Extrusion Test

Key Specifications & Procedure

• Specimen Condition:
  Specimens must be tested after water absorption (Clause 10.1).

• Test Assembly:
  Use the extrusion test assembly as per Clause 2.4, consisting of parts detailed in 2.4.1 to 2.4.5 and shown in Fig. 3.

• Loading:

  • Center the test assembly on the testing machine platform (Clause 10.3).
  • Apply load through the testing plunger at a constant rate of 25 mm/min.
  • Record the maximum total load at failure as the extrusion value.

Expansion Calculation (Clause 9.4)

[ \text{Expansion %} = \frac{D_2 - D_1}{D_1} \times 100 ]

• (D_1) = Diameter before absorption
• (D_2) = Average diameter after absorption

Summary Table

flowchart TD
    A[Specimen after water absorption] --> B[Set in extrusion test assembly]
    B --> C[Center assembly on testing machine]
    C --> D[Apply load @ 25 mm/min]
    D --> E{Failure occurs?}
    E -- No --> D
    E -- Yes --> F[Record max load = Extrusion value]

This ensures consistent, standardized extrusion testing per IS 4332 Part 10.

IS 4332 Part 10: Reporting of Results - Key Points

Data to Report (Clause 11.1)

• Soil sample details
• Stabilizer type and quantity (% of dry soil weight)
• Water added (% of dry soil weight)
• Specimen dimensions before & after testing (height, diameter to ±0.2 mm)
• Specimen density

Specimen Preparation (Clause 7.1)

• Prepare 3 specimens per test
• Report average of 3 readings
• Record each individual reading

Equipment Requirements (Clauses 2.6 & 2.7)

• Drying oven: 60 ± 3°C
• Measuring device: calibrated to 0.2 mm accuracy

Additional Data (Clause 11.2)

Report averages of 3 determinations for:

• Water absorption during test
• Expansion during test
• Extrusion value post test
• Any other specified data

Summary Table for Reporting

flowchart TD
    A[Prepare 3 specimens] --> B[Measure initial dimensions]
    B --> C[Add stabilizer & water]
    C --> D[Conduct absorption test]
    D --> E[Measure final dimensions & extrusion]
    E --> F[Calculate averages of 3 specimens]
    F --> G[Report data as per Clause 11.1 & 11.2]

This ensures consistency and accuracy in reporting soil stabilization test results per IS 4332 Part 10.