Metallic and non-metallic fire check doors - Resistance test and performance criteria

Scope of IS 3614 Part 2:

• Applies to furnace temperature rise control for testing refractory materials.
• Uses definitions from IS 8757:1978 and IS 1642:1989.
• Specifies the standard time-temperature rise curve for furnace heating.

Key Formula (Clause 5.3):

[ T - T_0 = 345 \log_{10} (8t + 1) ]

• T = Furnace temperature at time t (°C)
• T₀ = Initial furnace temperature (°C)
• t = Time in minutes

Table 1: Temperature Rise vs Time

This standard ensures uniform furnace temperature rise during refractory testing, critical for consistent and reliable results.

IS 3614 Part 2: Key References, Formulas & Tables

References (Clause 3.1 & 2.1)

• IS 8757:1978 — Glossary of terms related to fire safety.
• IS 1642:1989 — Fire safety of buildings: General principles of fire grading and classification.
• IS 1643:1988 — Fire safety of buildings: Exposure hazard.

Temperature Rise Formula (Clause 5.3)

[ T - T_0 = 345 \log_{10}(8t + 1) ]

• T = Furnace temperature at time t (°C)
• T₀ = Initial furnace temperature (°C)
• t = Time in minutes

This formula defines the Standard time-temperature rise curve for furnace temperature control.

Table 1: Temperature Rise vs Time

Summary

• Use the logarithmic formula for temperature rise in furnaces.
• Refer IS 8757 & IS 1642 for fire safety terms and classifications.
• Follow Table 1 for controlling furnace temperature over time.

graph LR
A[Time (min)] --> B[Temperature Rise (°C)]
5 --> 556
10 --> 659
15 --> 718
30 --> 821
60 --> 925
90 --> 986
120 --> 1029
180 --> 1090
240 --> 1133
360 --> 1193

This ensures compliance with IS 3614 Part 2 temperature control requirements.

IS 3614 Part 2: Key Definitions & Temperature Rise Specifications

Definitions (Clauses 3.1 & 3.2)

• Definitions from IS 8757:1978 (Glossary of fire safety terms) and IS 1642:1989 (Fire safety classification) apply.
• Additional specific definitions unique to IS 3614 Part 2 are provided but not detailed here.

Temperature Rise in Furnace (Clause 5.3 & Table 1)

The standard time-temperature curve governs furnace temperature rise during fire resistance tests:

[ T - T_0 = 345 \log_{10}(8t + 1) ]

• T = Furnace temperature at time t (°C)
• T₀ = Initial furnace temperature (°C)
• t = Time in minutes

Table 1: Temperature Rise vs Time

Summary

• Use IS 8757 and IS 1642 for terminology.
• Furnace temperature rise follows the logarithmic formula above.
• Table 1 provides discrete temperature rise values for fire resistance testing.

graph LR
A[Time (t)] --> B[Calculate T - T0 = 345 log10(8t + 1)]
B --> C[Determine Furnace Temperature T]
C --> D[Compare with Table 1 values]

This ensures standardized fire resistance evaluation per IS 3614 Part 2.

IS 3614 Part 2: Test Equipment & Instrumentation Key Points

1. Pressure Measuring Equipment (Clause 4.3)

• Must conform to requirements in Clauses 6.1 & 6.2 (typically accuracy, range, and calibration standards).
• Should be directly coupled to the furnace for real-time pressure monitoring.

2. Standard Heating Conditions (Clause 5.3)

Temperature Rise Formula:

[ T - T_0 = 345 \log_{10}(8t + 1) ]

• (T): Furnace temperature at time (t) (°C)
• (T_0): Initial furnace temperature (°C)
• (t): Time in minutes

Table 1: Temperature Rise vs Time

3. Mean Deviation of Furnace Temperature Rise (Clause 5.3.1)

[ \text{Mean Deviation} = \frac{A}{B} \times 100% ]

• (A): Integral of average furnace temperature over time
• (B): Integral of (T - T_0) from the standard formula

Tolerance Limits:

• ±15% for first 10 minutes
• ±10% for first 30 minutes
• ±5% after 30 minutes

This ensures accurate, repeatable furnace temperature control during testing, critical for reliable fire resistance evaluation.

IS 3614 Part 2: Standard Heating Conditions & Temperature Measurement

1. Standard Time-Temperature Rise Curve

• Formula (Clause 5.3):

[ T - T_0 = 345 \log_{10} (8t + 1) ]

Where:

• ( T ) = Furnace temperature at time ( t ) (°C)
• ( T_0 ) = Initial furnace temperature (°C)
• ( t ) = Time in minutes

2. Temperature Rise Table (Clause 5.3, Table 1)

3. Temperature Measurement (Clause 5.5)

• Measure temperature at ≤ 15 min intervals until temperature exceeds 100°C at any point.
• After 100°C is reached, measure at ≤ 5 min intervals depending on temperature rise rate.

4. Pressure Measuring Equipment

• Must conform to Clauses 6.1 and 6.2 (equipment coupled with furnace).

graph LR
A[Start Heating] --> B{Time (t) in min}
B -->|Calculate T-T0| C[Apply Formula: T-T0 = 345 log10(8t+1)]
C --> D[Check Temperature Rise Table]
D --> E{T > 100°C?}
E -->|No| F[Measure Temp every ≤15 min]
E -->|Yes| G[Measure Temp every ≤5 min]

Summary: Use the log-based formula or Table 1 for furnace temperature rise control. Follow measurement intervals as per Clause 5.5 for accurate temperature monitoring.

IS 3614 Part 2: Pressure Measurement Key Points

1. Pressure Measuring Equipment (Clause 4.3 & 4.3.1)

• Must be coupled with the furnace.
• Should comply with pressure conditions specified in Clauses 6.1 and 6.2.

2. Pressure Conditions (Clause 6.1)

• Maintain an overall pressure difference of (25 ± 5) Pa
  Equivalent to (25 ± 0.5) mm of H₂O
• This pressure difference is to be maintained from 15 minutes onwards during the evaluation.

3. Temperature Measurement (Clause 5.5)

• Temperature readings should be taken every 15 minutes or less until temperature > 100℃ at any point.
• After exceeding 100℃, readings should be taken at intervals not less than 5 minutes, depending on rate of temperature rise (slow/rapid).

Pressure Difference Conversion

Note: IS code uses 25 mm H₂O as approx. 25 Pa for furnace pressure difference.

Summary Diagram

flowchart LR
    A[Furnace] --> B[Pressure Measuring Equipment]
    B --> C{Maintain Pressure Difference}
    C -->|25 ± 5 Pa| D[From 15 min onwards]
    A --> E[Temperature Measurement]
    E --> F{Temp > 100℃?}
    F -->|No| G[Read every ≤15 min]
    F -->|Yes| H[Read every ≥5 min depending on rate]

In brief: Use pressure gauges calibrated to measure ~25 Pa (±5 Pa) or 25 mm H₂O difference, starting 15 minutes into the test, with temperature monitoring intervals as specified.

IS 3614 Part 2: Testing Conditions Summary

Key Testing Conditions (Clauses 6.2, 7, 8.1)

• Pressure Measurement (6.2):

  • For horizontal specimens: measure pressure 100 mm below the underside surface.
  • For vertical specimens: measure pressure at ~3/4 height of the specimen.

• Ambient Conditions (7):

  • Protect equipment and specimen from abnormal wind/weather.
  • Ambient temperature at test start: 20°C to 40°C.
  • Metal doors: no conditioning required.

• Specimen Conditioning (8.1):

  • Two representative samples conditioned for 1 week before testing.
  • Drying temperature must not exceed 60°C (natural/artificial drying allowed).

Additional Notes:

• Pressure measuring equipment must conform to clauses 6.1 and 6.2.
• Standard heating and test procedures per clauses 9.4, 9.6, 9.7.

Quick Reference Table: Testing Conditions

flowchart TD
    A[Start Testing] --> B{Ambient Temp 20-40°C?}
    B -- Yes --> C[Condition Specimen for 1 week]
    B -- No --> D[Adjust Ambient Temp]
    C --> E[Measure Pressure]
    E --> F{Horizontal or Vertical?}
    F -- Horizontal --> G[Measure 100 mm below surface]
    F -- Vertical --> H[Measure at 3/4 height]
    G & H --> I[Conduct Test]
    I --> J[End Testing]

This ensures test repeatability and accuracy per IS 3614 Part 2.

IS 3614 Part 2: Test Specimen and Installation Key Points

1. Test Specimen Conditioning (Clause 8.1)

• Two representative samples.
• Condition for 1 week prior to testing.
• Drying temperature ≤ 60°C (natural or artificial drying).

2. Pressure Measurement (Clause 6.2)

• For horizontal specimens: Measure pressure at 100 mm below the underside surface.
• For vertical specimens: Measure pressure at about 3/4 height of the specimen.

3. Testing Conditions (Clause 7)

• Ambient temperature: 20°C to 40°C at test start.
• Protect equipment and samples from abnormal wind/weather.
• Metal doors: No conditioning required.

4. Specimen Installation (Clause 4.1)

• Furnace must accommodate full-size specimen individually or combined.
• Furnace replicates standard heating and pressure conditions.
• Fire resistance of furnace setup ≥ specimen rating.

5. Failure Criteria (Clause 9.3.1)

• Integrity failure if:
  • Collapse or sustained flaming on unexposed face.
  • Impermeability criteria exceeded (see 9.3.2).

Summary Table: Pressure Measurement Points

flowchart LR
    A[Test Specimen] --> B[Conditioning 1 week ≤ 60°C]
    B --> C[Installation in Furnace]
    C --> D[Pressure Measurement]
    D --> E{Orientation?}
    E -->|Horizontal| F[100 mm below surface]
    E -->|Vertical| G[At 3/4 height]
    C --> H[Test under 20-40°C ambient]
    C --> I[Monitor integrity & impermeability]

This ensures test reliability and reproducibility per IS 3614 Part 2.

IS 3614 Part 2: Test Procedure and Rating - Key Points

Test Procedure (Clauses 6.2, 7, 8, 9)

• Pressure Measurement (6.2):

  • Measure overall pressure at 100 mm below the underside of horizontal specimens.
  • For vertical specimens, measure at 3/4 height of the door.

• Testing Conditions (7):

  • Ambient temperature: 20°C to 40°C at test start.
  • Protect test setup from abnormal wind/weather.
  • Metal doors: no conditioning needed.

• Specimen Installation (8, 9.3, 9.4, 9.6, 9.7):

  • Install test specimen replicating site conditions, especially gaps.
  • For timber doors: 2 mm gap between leaf edge and frame, 4 mm gap between meeting edges of double leaves (8.2).
  • Follow detailed installation and test methods as per clauses 9.3 to 9.7.

Rating

• Fire resistance rating is based on duration the door withstands fire exposure under specified test conditions.
• Ratings are expressed in minutes (e.g., 30, 60, 90 minutes).

Summary Table: Gap Specifications for Fire Door Test Specimens

flowchart LR
    A[Test Specimen Preparation]
    B[Install with specified gaps]
    C[Conditioning (if timber)]
    D[Testing Setup]
    E[Measure Pressure at 100 mm (horizontal) or 3/4 height (vertical)]
    F[Fire Exposure]
    G[Record Duration - Rating]

    A --> B --> C --> D --> E --> F --> G

This ensures test results represent realistic site conditions and provide reliable fire resistance ratings.

IS 3614 Part 2: Test Report Requirements for Fire Doors

Key Report Contents (Clause 10.1)

The test report must include:

• Manufacturer's name
• Assembly description:
  • Fixing arrangements
  • Drawings with exact sizes
  • Components (thickness, materials)
  • Locations of test assembly
  • Clearances and gaps between door and frame
• Fire rating: Stability and integrity times (e.g., 60/90/120 minutes)
• Furnace data: Time/pressure chart and actual temperature curves during the test
• Time/temperature results: Duration for which door maintained fire resistance
• Additional performance info: Any observed door/shutter behavior under test

Testing Conditions (Clauses 6.2, 7)

• Ambient temperature at start: 20°C to 40°C
• Pressure measurement points:
  • Horizontal specimen: 100 mm below surface
  • Vertical specimen: at ¾ height of specimen
• Protection from abnormal weather/wind during testing
• Metal doors: no conditioning required

Test Methods (Clauses 9.3 to 9.7)

• Follow specified procedures for specimen installation, heating, pressure application, and performance monitoring.

Summary Table: Report Contents

flowchart TD
    A[Test Setup] --> B[Specimen Installation]
    B --> C[Test Execution]
    C --> D[Measure Temp & Pressure]
    D --> E[Record Time/Temperature Data]
    E --> F[Generate Test Report]
    F --> G[Include Manufacturer Info]
    F --> H[Include Assembly Description]
    F --> I[Include Fire Rating]
    F --> J[Include Furnace Charts]
    F --> K[Include Performance Notes]

This ensures compliance with IS 3614 Part 2 for fire door test reporting.

Fire Performance Criteria - IS 3614 (Part 2): Key Points

• Fire Rating Definition (Clause 11.1):
  Fire door performance is measured by elapsed time from heating start to failure (per Clauses 9.3 & 9.4).
  Ratings are expressed as:

  • FD 30 (30 minutes)
  • FD 60 (60 minutes)
  • FD 120 (120 minutes)
  • FD 180 (180 minutes)
  • FD 240 (240 minutes)

• Fire Door Test Report (Clause 10.1) must include:

  • Manufacturer name
  • Assembly description, fixing, sizes, gaps
  • Stability and integrity rating
  • Furnace time/pressure and temperature charts
  • Time/temperature results
  • Additional performance data

• Reference Standards:

  • IS 3809: Fire Resistance Test for Structures
  • IS 1642 & IS 1643: Fire safety principles and exposure hazards
  • IS 8757: Fire safety glossary

Summary Table: Fire Door Ratings

Notes:

• The Standard Mark ensures compliance with BIS quality and inspection.
• Fire door failure criteria relate to integrity and stability under fire exposure.
• Testing follows furnace temperature/time curves as per IS 3809.

flowchart LR
    A[Start Heating] --> B{Time Elapsed}
    B -->|< Rating Time| C[Door Intact]
    B -->|≥ Rating Time| D[Door Failure]
    C --> E[Fire Door Pass]
    D --> F[Fire Door Fail]

This diagram illustrates the fire rating test: door must remain intact until the rated time.