Burnt clay tiles for use in lining irrigation and drainage works-Specification

IS 3367: Scope - Key Specifications and Formulas

• Purpose: Specifies methods for testing burnt clay tiles, including transverse and compressive strength.

• Rounding off (IS 2:1960): Test results must be rounded to the same significant figures as specified.

• Load measurement accuracy:

  • Error ≤ 2.2 N for loads ≤ 220 N
  • Error ≤ 1% for loads > 220 N
  • Loading rate: 450-550 N/min

• Transverse Strength Test (Clause 4.2):

  • Average transverse strength reported.
  • Span (X) depends on tile size.
  • Apparatus includes MS rods, blocks, springs, and containers for lead shots (see Fig.1 & Fig.2).

• Compressive Strength (Annex A, Clause 6.1):

  • Test specimens prepared as per standard.
  • Compressive strength calculated as:

[ f_c = \frac{P}{A} ]

Where:
( f_c ) = Compressive strength (N/mm²)
( P ) = Load at failure (N)
( A ) = Cross-sectional area of specimen (mm²)

Summary Table: Load Error Limits

Apparatus Essentials (Fig.2 simplified):

graph LR
A[MS Rod 40mm Dia] --> B[Bottom MS Block 63x25x355 mm]
B --> C[Container for Lead Shots]
C --> D[MS Flat 50x12 mm]
D --> E[Shutter Trigger (MS Rod 3 mm dia)]
E --> F[Container for Collecting Lead Shots]

For detailed apparatus dimensions and test procedure, refer to IS 3367 full text and figures.

IS 3367: Referenced Indian Standards & Key Specifications

Referenced Indian Standards (Clause 2.1)

IS 3367 refers to these essential adjunct IS codes for testing clay building products:

Key Formula for Reporting Transverse Strength (Clause 4.2)

• Average transverse strength (X) is calculated based on the span as per tile size.
• Testing setup involves two bearers (A and B) supporting the tile (see Fig. 2 in IS 3367).
• The average of transverse strength from multiple tested tiles is reported.

Notes on Standard Mark & BIS

• The Standard Mark certifies compliance with IS under BIS supervision.
• BIS ensures continuous quality control and periodic review of standards.
• Users must verify they have the latest edition/amendments of IS 3367.

Contact for BIS & Amendments

IS 3367: Material and Manufacture - Key Points

1. Material Specifications

• Tiles are classified into Class 105 and Class 75 based on strength.
• Material quality ensures compliance with BIS standards and continuous quality control.

2. Manufacture & Testing Setup

• Tiles are tested for transverse strength using a 3-ply plywood sandwich (~3 mm thick) between compression plates.
• At least one compression plate has a ball seating (spherical center) aligned with the tile face center.
• Load is applied uniformly at approximately 14 N/mm² (140 kgf/cm²) per minute until failure.

3. Key Formula: Transverse Strength Calculation

[ \text{Transverse Strength} = \frac{\text{Maximum Load at Failure}}{\text{Span} \times \text{Width} \times \text{Thickness}} ]

• Where Span (X) depends on tile size.
• Average transverse strength from multiple tests is reported.

4. Apparatus Essentials (Fig. 2)

• Bearer A and Bearer B support the tile.
• Compression testing machine with spherical seating ensures uniform load distribution.

Summary Table: Tile Classes

Notes:

• Final test values are rounded per IS 2:1960 rules.
• Standard Mark usage is regulated by BIS for quality assurance.

flowchart LR
    A[Tile Sample] -->|Placed between| B[3-ply Plywood Sheets]
    B --> C[Compression Plates]
    C --> D[Load Applied Uniformly at 14 N/mm²/min]
    D --> E[Failure Load Recorded]
    E --> F[Calculate Transverse Strength]
    F --> G[Classify Tiles (Class 105 or Class 75)]

This ensures tiles meet durability and quality as per IS 3367.

IS 3367: Dimensions and Tolerances for Clay Tiles

Key Specifications (Clause 4.2)

• Permissible Tolerances on Tile Dimensions:
  • Length: ±10 mm
  • Width: ±5 mm
  • Thickness: ±1.5 mm
• Frog: Tiles shall have no frog.

Load Measurement Tolerances (Clause 2.2.1)

• Load reading error:
  • Up to 220 N: ±2.2 N
  • Above 220 N: ±1% of the maximum load
• Loading rate: Uniform between 450 - 550 N/min (45 - 55 kg/min)

Tile Testing Machine Dimensions (Fig. 1)

• MS Rod: 40 mm diameter
• Bottom MS Block: 63 x 25 x 355 mm
• MS Flat: 50 x 12 mm and 25 x 13 mm
• MS Rod for trigger: 3 mm diameter
• MS Angle: 75 x 75 mm

Rounding Off (Clause None)

• Follow IS 2:1960 for rounding test results
• Retain significant figures same as specified values

Summary Table: Tile Dimension Tolerances

flowchart LR
    A[Tile Dimension] --> B{Tolerance Limits}
    B --> C[Length ±10 mm]
    B --> D[Width ±5 mm]
    B --> E[Thickness ±1.5 mm]
    F[Load Measurement] --> G{Error Limits}
    G --> H[≤220 N: ±2.2 N]
    G --> I[>220 N: ±1% of max load]
    J[Loading Rate] --> K[450-550 N/min]

This concise data ensures compliance with IS 3367 for tile dimensions, tolerances, and test machine specifications.

IS 3367: Classification of Tiles

Clause 5.1 classifies tiles into:

• Class 105
• Class 75

These classes typically refer to the minimum transverse strength (in kg/cm²) that the tile must achieve.

Key Specifications:

Transverse Strength Test (Clause 4.2)

• Tiles are tested on a span corresponding to tile size.
• Average transverse strength is reported.
• Final test values are rounded as per IS 2:1960 rounding rules.

Typical Formula for Transverse Strength:

[ \sigma = \frac{3PL}{2bt^2} ]

Where:

• ( \sigma ) = transverse strength (kg/cm²)
• ( P ) = load at failure (kg)
• ( L ) = span length (cm)
• ( b ) = width of tile (cm)
• ( t ) = thickness of tile (cm)

Summary Diagram of Testing Setup

graph LR
A[Support Bearer A] --- B[Tile Specimen] --- C[Support Bearer B]
B -- Load P applied at center --> D[Load Application Point]

Note: Compliance with these classes ensures the tile meets strength and dimensional quality per IS 3367.

IS 3367: Physical Properties of Tiles (Class 105 & Class 75)

Key Specifications:

• Tile Classes:
  • Class 105 (higher strength)
  • Class 75 (lower strength)

Testing Procedure (Compression Strength):

• Specimen placed flat between two 3 mm thick, 3-ply plywood sheets.
• Centered between compression machine plates; one plate must have a spherical ball seating to ensure uniform load distribution.
• Load applied at a rate of 14 N/mm² (140 kgf/cm²) per minute until failure.
• The maximum steady load at failure is recorded.

Conditioning Before Test:

• Specimens immersed in water at room temperature for 24 hours.
• Drained for about 5 minutes before testing.

Rounding Off Test Results:

• Follow IS 2:1960 for rounding numerical values.
• Retain the same number of significant digits as specified in the standard.

Typical Formula for Compressive Strength, ( f_c ):

[ f_c = \frac{P}{A} ]

• (P) = Maximum load at failure (N)
• (A) = Cross-sectional area of the specimen (mm²)

flowchart TD
    A[Specimen Preparation] --> B[Water Immersion (24 hrs)]
    B --> C[Drain (5 mins)]
    C --> D[Place between plywood sheets]
    D --> E[Compression Test (Load @ 14 N/mm²/min)]
    E --> F[Record Max Load at Failure]
    F --> G[Calculate Compressive Strength]

This ensures uniformity and reliability in physical property evaluation of tiles as per IS 3367.

IS 3367 - Sampling and Criteria for Conformity

Key Points:

• Sampling procedure:
  Sampling of tiles shall follow IS 5454:1978. This standard details the sample size, selection method, and acceptance criteria for tiles.

• Warp tolerance:
  As per Clause 6.4, when tested by IS 3495 (Part 4):1991, the maximum warp allowed is 3 mm for all tile classes.

• Rounding off results:
  Final test values must be rounded according to IS 2:1960, maintaining the same number of significant figures as the specified value.

Summary Table: Warp Tolerance

Sampling flow (per IS 5454:1978)

flowchart TD
    A[Select batch] --> B[Determine sample size]
    B --> C[Randomly select tiles]
    C --> D[Perform tests as per IS 3367]
    D --> E{Results within limits?}
    E -- Yes --> F[Batch accepted]
    E -- No --> G[Batch rejected or re-tested]

Note: Refer to IS 5454 for detailed sampling tables and acceptance criteria.

IS 3367 - Marking and Related Specifications

Key Points on Marking (Clause 8.1)

• Each tile must be legibly and indelibly marked.
• Marking should indicate the source of manufacture (manufacturer's name or trademark).

Testing and Reporting (Clause 4.2 & B-4.2)

• Transverse strength test: Average transverse strength of tested tiles shall be reported.
• Span (X) for testing depends on tile size.
• Load reading error limits:
  • ≤ 220 N: max error = 2.2 N

  • 220 N: max error = 1% of max load

• Loading rate: 450–550 N/min (45–55 kg/min).

Apparatus Details (Fig. 1 & 2)

• Test machine includes:
  • MS rod (40 mm dia)
  • Bottom MS block (63 x 25 x 355 mm)
  • Springs, shutter trigger, lead shot containers
• Supports and bearers designed as per tile size.

Rounding Off (Clause None)

• Round off test results as per IS 2:1960 rules.
• Retain the same significant figures as specified values.

Summary Table: Load Reading Accuracy

Marking Compliance Flow

flowchart TD
    A[Tile Manufactured] --> B[Mark with Manufacturer's ID]
    B --> C[Indelible & Legible Mark]
    C --> D[Tile Passed for Testing]
    D --> E[Report Average Transverse Strength]
    E --> F[Apply IS 2:1960 Rounding]
    F --> G[Ready for Market with BIS Mark]

For detailed apparatus dimensions and test setup, refer to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 in IS 3367.

IS 3367: Determination of Compressive Strength of Burnt Clay Tiles

Key Formula:

[ \text{Compressive Strength} = \frac{P_{\text{max}}}{A} ]

• (P_{\text{max}}) = Maximum load at failure (N)
• (A) = Cross-sectional area of the tile (mm²)

Test Setup & Procedure (Clauses 2.2, A-2.2):

• Specimen placement: Flat surface horizontal between two 3-ply plywood sheets (~3 mm thick).
• Support: Bottom parallel bearers spaced at minimum ( \frac{3}{4} ) of tile length.
• Loading: Use a compression testing machine (min. 10 tons capacity).
• Load application rate: ~14 N/mm² per minute until failure.
• Load measurement: Maximum steady load at failure recorded.

Reporting (Clause A-3.1):

• Calculate compressive strength for each tile.
• Report the average compressive strength of tested specimens.

Additional Notes:

• One compression plate must have a spherical ball seating to ensure uniform load distribution.
• Use dial micrometer or equivalent device for precise load application.

flowchart LR
    A[Specimen Preparation] --> B[Placed between plywood sheets]
    B --> C[Supported on parallel bearers (3/4 length)]
    C --> D[Load applied via compression machine]
    D --> E[Record max load at failure]
    E --> F[Calculate compressive strength = Load/Area]
    F --> G[Report average strength]

This method ensures consistent, reliable compressive strength values for burnt clay tiles per IS 3367.

Determination of Transverse Strength of Burnt Clay Tiles (IS 3367: Clause 6.3)

Key Formula (Clause 4.1)

The flexural (transverse) strength ( F ) is calculated as:

[ F = \frac{3PL}{2BD^2} ]

Where:

• ( F ) = flexural strength (N/mm²)
• ( P ) = breaking load (N)
• ( L ) = span length (mm) (depends on tile size)
• ( B ) = width of tile (mm)
• ( D ) = depth (thickness) of tile (mm)

Test Setup (Clause 2.2 & Fig. 2)

• Specimen placed flat, horizontally between two 3-ply plywood sheets (~3 mm thick).
• Centered between compression machine plates.
• One plate has a spherical ball seating for uniform load distribution.
• Load applied uniformly at ~14 N/mm² per minute until failure.
• Record maximum steady load ( P ).

Reporting (Clause 4.2)

• Report average transverse strength from multiple specimens.
• Use span ( L ) as per tile size (see IS 3367 for specific span values).

Summary Table for Flexural Strength Calculation

flowchart LR
    A[Specimen Placement] --> B[Compression Testing Machine]
    B --> C[Load Applied Uniformly]
    C --> D[Load at Failure Recorded (P)]
    D --> E[Calculate Flexural Strength F = 3PL / 2BD²]
    E --> F[Report Average F from Multiple Samples]

This method ensures reliable evaluation of transverse strength for canal lining tiles as per IS 3367.