bitumen mastic for use in water-proofing of roofs

IS 3036: Scope - Key Points & Specifications

Scope Summary:

• IS 3036 covers specifications related to lime concrete and its application in construction.
• It defines materials, workmanship, and testing requirements.
• Applicable for lime concrete used in waterproofing, terracing, and masonry works.

Key Specifications from IS 3036

Rounding Off Rule (IS 2:1960)

• Final test or calculation values must be rounded off to the same number of significant digits as specified.

Referenced Standards (Annex A)

• IS 383: Aggregates for concrete
• IS 712: Building limes
• IS 1344: Calcined clay pozzolana
• IS 2250: Masonry mortars
• IS 2541: Lime concrete practice
• IS 3067 & IS 3068: Waterproofing and aggregates

Typical Detail (Roof-Parapet Junction)

flowchart LR
    A[Lime Concrete Terracing] --> B[Hot Bitumen Coating + Sand Blinding]
    B --> C[Lime Concrete Fillet]
    C --> D[Cement Concrete Packing]
    D --> E[Structural Roof Slab]
    E --> F[Parapet Wall]
    F --> G[Rain Water Pipe]

This summary captures the scope, material specs, construction details, and referenced standards essential for compliance with IS 3036. For detailed design, refer to clauses and figures in the standard.

IS 3036 - References Summary

Key Specifications from Annex A (Clause 2):

Important Notes:

• Painted Waterproofing: Hot bitumen 80/100 or equivalent @ 1.7 kg/m², blinded with 0.006 m³ coarse sand/m².
• Slope for Lime Concrete Roof: Minimum slope of 1 in 50.
• Junction Details: Use 12 mm wide gap partially filled with bitumen filler at roof-parapet junction.
• Khurras: 40 cm square laid with cement concrete, finished with 12 mm cement mortar (1:3).

Rounding Off Values (IS 2:1960):

• Final test or calculation results should be rounded to the same number of significant digits as the specified values.

flowchart TD
    A[IS 3036 Standard] --> B[Annex A: Referenced IS Codes]
    B --> C[Aggregates - IS 383]
    B --> D[Lime & Pozzolana - IS 712, 1344, 4098]
    B --> E[Masonry Mortars - IS 2250]
    B --> F[Waterproofing

IS 3036 - Definitions and Key Specifications

• Clause 3.0: Defines terms used in the standard for lime concrete waterproofed roofs and related construction.

• Finish Specification (Clause 1.7):

  • Paint with hot bitumen (quality 80/100 or equivalent)
  • Application rate: 1.7 kg/m²
  • Blinded with 0.006 m³ coarse sand per m²

• Roof Slope:

  • Lime concrete laid to a minimum slope of 1 in 50 for proper drainage.

• Junction Details:

  • Gap of 12 mm width partially filled with bitumen filler at junctions.
  • Khurra (drainage sump) size: 40 cm square, finished with 12 mm cement mortar (1:3).

• Materials:

  • Use aggregates as per IS 383:1970.
  • Lime as per IS 712:1984.
  • Pozzolana as per IS 1344:1981.
  • Mortars as per IS 2250:1981.
  • Lime concrete as per IS 2541:1991.

Summary Table for Finish Coat

Important Notes:

• Follow IS 2:1960 for rounding off test and calculation results.
• Refer to Annex A for related IS codes essential for materials and workmanship.

flowchart TD
    A[Lime Concrete Roof] --> B[Minimum slope 1:50]
    B --> C[Paint with hot bitumen 1.7 kg/m²]
    C --> D[Blind with 0.006 m³ coarse sand/m²]
    A --> E[12 mm gap filled with bitumen filler]
    A --> F[Khurra 40 cm square with cement mortar]

This concise summary captures key definitions, finish specifications, and references to related IS codes for lime concrete waterproofed roofs per IS 3036.

IS 3036: Roof Surface Preparation - Key Points

1. Reference Standard:
   Roof surface preparation and waterproofing finish design should follow IS 3067:1988 for detailed guidance.

2. Roof Finish Definition (Clause 3.2):

   • Roof finish is the top protective layer on a flat roof, not structural.
   • Ensures durability and weather protection.

3. Drainage Provision (Clause 8.2.2):

   • Provide one 100 mm diameter rainwater pipe per 40 m² of roof area.

4. Typical Roof Finish Details:

   • Lime concrete finish laid over structural slab with a minimum slope of 1:50 for drainage.
   • Use 12 mm gap partially filled with bitumen filler at junctions to accommodate movement.
   • Provide wire mesh strips (concave or convex) at joints for crack control.
   • Include drip courses (20 mm deep plaster) and chamfers in plaster to prevent water ingress.
   • Overflow holes (30 mm diameter) and funnels with grates for rainwater management.

5. Slope and Drainage:

   • Minimum slope of 1 in 50 on lime concrete finish for effective runoff.

Summary Table: Rainwater Pipe Provision

flowchart TB
    A[Structural Roof Slab] --> B[Lime Concrete Finish (Slope 1:50)]
    B --> C[Bitumen Filled Gap (12 mm)]
    C --> D[Wire Mesh Strip (Concave/Convex)]
    D --> E[Drip Course (20 mm deep)]
    E --> F[Rainwater Pipe (100 mm dia per 40 m²)]
    F --> G[Drainage System]

For extreme climates, refer to IS 3067 for specialized roof finish recommendations to enhance durability and waterproofing.

IS 3036: Key Materials Specifications & References

• Lime Concrete Materials:

  • Lime: As per IS 712:1984 (Building Limes)
  • Pozzolanic material: Calcined clay pozzolana per IS 1344:1981
  • Lime-pozzolana mixture: IS 4098:1983 (LP 40 grade)
  • Aggregates: Coarse and fine aggregates as per IS 383:1970
  • Broken brick aggregates for lime concrete: IS 3068:1986

• Waterproofing Finish:

  • Hot bitumen (80/100 grade or equivalent) applied at 1.7 kg/m²
  • Blinded with 0.006 m³ coarse sand/m²

• Lime Concrete Slope:

  • Minimum slope for lime concrete roof finish: 1 in 50

• Other Materials:

  • Cement concrete for packing and finishing as per IS 2690 (terracing tiles)
  • Cement plaster: 12 mm thick, mix 1:3 (cement:sand)

• Rounding off values: As per IS 2:1960 rules.

Summary Table of Key IS References for Materials

flowchart TD
    A[Materials for Lime Concrete] --> B[Lime (IS 712)]
    A --> C[Pozzolanic Material (IS 1344)]
    A --> D[Lime-Pozzolana Mix (IS 4098)]
    A --> E[Aggregates (IS 383)]
    A

IS 3036: Preparation of Lime Concrete — Key Points

Mix Proportions (Clause 6.1)

• Aggregate : Lime : Pozzolana mortar = 2.5 : 1 : as per mix
• Use clean, saturated surface dry coarse aggregate.
• Aggregate is fed first, then lime, followed by pozzolana mortar.
• Mix thoroughly for uniformity.
• Adjust water to achieve required consistency.

Alternative Aggregate (Note)

• Aggregate can include brick dust from breaking.
• Use same volume proportions.
• Aggregate must be thoroughly soaked before mixing.

Usage Time (Clause 6.4)

• Use lime concrete within 36 hours if burnt clay pozzolana is included.

Waterproofing Additives (Clause 6.4 Note)

• Add 12 kg washing soap + 4 kg alum per m³ dissolved in water to improve waterproofing.

Summary Table: Lime Concrete Mix

flowchart LR
    A[Start: Aggregate (2.5 parts)] --> B[Lime (1 part)]
    B --> C[Add Pozzolana Mortar]
    C --> D[Mix thoroughly]
    D --> E[Adjust water for consistency]
    E --> F[Add waterproofing additives (optional)]
    F --> G[Use within 36 hours if pozzolana included]

This aligns with IS 2541:1991 for lime concrete preparation and use.

IS 3036: Laying and Compaction of Lime Concrete – Key Points

1. Mix Proportions (Clause 6.1)

• Coarse Aggregate : Lime : Pozzolana Mortar = 2.5 : 1 : as per mix
• Aggregate must be clean, saturated surface dry (SSD).
• Aggregate may include brick dust (soaked before use).
• Mix thoroughly in a mechanical mixer.
• Adjust water to achieve required consistency; use clean water only.

2. Compaction & Surface Treatment (Clause 7.3.1)

• If surface becomes uneven causing water pooling:
  • Prick up surface
  • Spread fresh lime concrete
  • Consolidate to maintain proper slopes and levels
• Ensure bonding between old and new concrete by sprinkling lime water:
  • Lime water = 1 part lime putty : 3 to 4 parts water
  • Use solution as per Clause 7.3.3 (not detailed here).

3. Compaction Method (Clause 7.3)

• Ramming or tamping machine (developed by CBRI Roorkee) recommended for uniform compaction.

Summary Table:

flowchart TD
    A[Start: Prepare Aggregate] --> B[Mix with Lime & Pozzolana Mortar]
    B --> C[Add Water for Consistency]
    C --> D[Place Lime Concrete]
    D --> E{Surface Uneven?}
    E -- Yes --> F[Prick Surface & Spread Fresh Concrete]
    F --> G[Sprinkle Lime Water for Bonding]
    G --> H[Compact with Ramming/Tamping]
    E -- No --> H
    H --> I[Ensure Proper Slopes & Levels]
    I --> J[Finish]

This ensures durable lime concrete with good bonding and slope maintenance per IS 3036.

IS 3036: Roof Finish and Drainage - Key Points

Roof Finish (Clause 3.2)

• Roof finish is a non-structural protective layer on flat roofs.
• Design and laying of waterproofing must follow IS 3067:1988.
• Finish improves durability and water resistance but does not support loads.

Drainage (Clause 8.2 & 8.2.2)

• Efficient drainage is critical to prevent water penetration.
• Provision: For every 40 m² of roof area, provide one 100 mm diameter rainwater pipe.
• Roof should have a minimum slope of 1:50 for drainage.
• Overflow holes of 30 mm diameter must be provided near downpipes to avoid waterlogging.

Roof Finish Details (Fig. 1 Highlights)

• Lime concrete finish on structural slab with slope 1:50.
• 12 mm gap partially filled with bitumen filler for expansion.
• Drip course of 20 mm depth in plaster to prevent water seepage.
• Use of wire mesh strips (concave or convex) at junctions.
• Funnel with grate for rainwater collection connecting to downpipes.

Summary Table: Rainwater Pipe Provision

flowchart TD
    RoofSurface["Roof Surface (Slope 1:50)"]
    LimeConcrete["Lime Concrete Finish"]
    BitumenGap["12mm Gap with Bitumen Filler"]
    DripCourse["20mm Plaster Drip Course"]
    Funnel["Funnel with Grate"]
    RainPipe["100mm Rainwater Pipe"]
    Overflow["30mm Overflow Hole"]

    RoofSurface --> LimeConcrete --> BitumenGap --> DripCourse --> Funnel --> RainPipe
    Funnel --> Overflow

References: IS 3067:1988 for waterproofing details, IS 3036 clauses 3.2, 8.2, 8.2.2.

Key Specifications & Formulas for Curing Lime Concrete (IS 3036):

• Mix Proportions (Clause 6.1):

  • Coarse aggregate : Lime : Pozzolana mortar = 2.5 : 1 : as per 6.1 by volume
  • Aggregate must be clean, saturated surface dry.
  • Water added finally to achieve required consistency.

• Material Quality (Clause 5.1):

  • Use Class C lime (hydrated lime) per IS 712:1984.
  • Quick lime must be slaked as per IS 1635:1975.

• Curing (Clause 7.4):

  • Minimum curing period: 10 days or until hardening.
  • Method: Cover with thin layer of grass/straw kept continuously wet.

• Usage Time (Clause 6.4):

  • Use lime concrete within 36 hours of lime mortar preparation if burnt clay pozzolana is added (ref IS 2541:1974).

• Waterproofing Improvement:

  • Add 12 kg washing soap + 4 kg alum per m³ dissolved in water.

Summary Table:

flowchart TD
    A[Prepare Lime Mortar] --> B[Mix Aggregate & Lime]
    B --> C[Add Pozzolana Mortar]
    C --> D[Mix to Uniformity]
    D --> E[Place & Compact Lime Concrete]
    E --> F[Curing: Cover with Wet Grass/Straw]
    F --> G[Minimum 10 Days or Until Hardened]

This ensures proper strength

IS 3036: Treatment of Junctions with Parapet Walls

Key Specifications & Details

• Lime Concrete Fillet: A smooth lime concrete fillet strip shall be laid at the junction of roof surface and masonry parapet wall for waterproofing (Clause 7.5).
• Concrete Consolidation: Proper consolidation of concrete at junction with parapet wall is essential (Clause 7.3.2).
• Slope: Lime concrete laid with a minimum slope of 1:50 towards drainage points.
• Gap Treatment: A 12 mm wide gap partially filled with bitumen filler is provided at junctions to accommodate movement.
• Rainwater Pipes: One 100 mm diameter rainwater pipe per 40 m² roof area is recommended (Clause 8.2.2).
• Bitumen Coating: Roof finish painted with hot bitumen 80/100 or equivalent at 1.7 kg/m² mixed with coarse sand (0.006 m³/m²).
• Drip Course: A 20 mm deep plaster drip course is provided at parapet junction to prevent water seepage.

Typical Construction Layers (from Fig. 1 & 2)

Summary Diagram (Mermaid.js)

flowchart TD
    A[Structural Roof Slab] --> B[Lime Concrete Fillet]
    B --> C[Lime Concrete Terracing (Slope 1:50)]
    C --> D[12 mm Gap with Bitumen Filler]
    D --> E[Plaster with Lime Wash]
    E --> F[Parapet Wall (Masonry or RCC)]
    C --> G[Drainage via 100 mm Rainwater Pipe]

References

• IS 3036 Clause 7.5, 7.3.2,

Key Referenced Indian Standards in IS 3036

IS 3036 relies on several Indian Standards essential for materials and practices in lime concrete waterproofing and terracing:

Important Specifications from IS 3036 (Clause 1.7)

• Hot bitumen coating: 1.7 kg/m² of approved quality (80/100 penetration grade)
• Coarse sand blinding: 0.006 m³ per m² area
• Minimum slope for lime concrete roof finish: 1 in 50 (2%)
• Gap for bitumen filler: 12 mm wide partially filled

Notes:

• These standards ensure quality control for materials and workmanship.
• Always refer to the latest editions/amendments from BIS.
• For design and detailing, IS 3067 and IS 2541 are critical adjuncts.

graph LR
A[IS 3036] --> B[IS 383]
A --> C[IS 712]
A --> D[IS 1344]
A --> E[IS 1635]
A --> F[IS 2250]
A --> G[IS 2541]
A --> H[IS 2690]
A --> I[IS 3067]
A --> J[IS 306