Burnt clay flat terracing tiles- Specification, Part 2: Hand made

IS 2690 Part 2: Scope Summary

• Scope: Specifies methods for testing and analyzing materials/components as per IS 2690 Part 2:1992.
• Rounding Off: Final test or analysis results must be rounded per IS 2:1960 rules.
  • Retain the same number of significant figures as the specified value in the standard.
• Referenced Standards: Annex A lists necessary Indian Standards adjunct to IS 2690 Part 2 for complete compliance.

Key Points:

This ensures consistency and accuracy in test result reporting and compliance evaluation.

flowchart LR
    A[Test/Analysis Result] --> B{Round off per IS 2:1960}
    B --> C[Retain same significant figures]
    C --> D[Compare with IS 2690 specified values]
    D --> E[Decide compliance]

IS 2690 Part 2: Key References and Specifications

• Rounding off values: Follow IS 2:1960 for rounding test or analysis results. Retain the same significant digits as specified.

• Load reading error tolerance:

  • Maximum error = 2.2 N for loads up to 220 N (Clause 2.2.1).

• Test apparatus details:

  • Tile testing machine dimensions and parts (e.g., MS block 63×25×355 mm, MS flat 50×12 mm) as per Fig. 1 & 2.
  • Span (X) depends on tile size.

• Standards and Amendments:

  • Refer to Annex A for related Indian Standards.
  • Check BIS website or Manak Bhavan for latest amendments.

• Contact for BIS:

  • Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002
  • Tel: 3310131, 3311375

Summary Table: Load Error Limits (Clause 2.2.1)

Diagram: Apparatus Essentials (Simplified)

graph LR
A[Tile Sample] --> B[Bearers A & B]
B --> C[Load Application via M5 Rod]
C --> D[Support Frame with Springs & Bolt]
D --> E[Lead Shot Container]

Note: Always verify with the latest IS amendments and related standards listed in Annex A for comprehensive compliance.

IS 2690 Part 2 — Definitions and Related Specifications

• Definitions:
  As per Clause 3.0, all definitions used in IS 2690 Part 2 refer to those in IS 2248:1992 (Specification for Ready Mixed Concrete).

• Rounding Off Rules:
  Final test or calculation values must be rounded per IS 2:1960:

  • Retain the same number of significant figures as the specified value.
  • Ensures uniformity and precision in reporting results.

• Reference Standards:
  Annex A lists essential Indian Standards that complement IS 2690 Part 2, including IS 2248 and IS 2.

Summary Table

This ensures clarity and consistency in terminology and numerical reporting across concrete standards.

IS 2690 Part 2: General Quality Key Points

• Rounding Off:
  Follow IS 2:1960 for rounding test results.

  • Retain the same number of significant digits as the specified values.

• Load Reading Accuracy:

  • Error in load reading ≤ 2.2 N for loads up to 220 N (Clause 2.2.1).

• Calculation of Average:

  • Average test values should be calculated as per Clause B-4.2.

• Testing Apparatus:

  • Dimensions and setup for tile testing machine and transverse test apparatus are specified (e.g., MS blocks, rods, angles).
  • Key dimensions include:
    • MS Block: 63×25×355 mm
    • MS Flat: 50×12 mm, 25×3 mm
    • Rod diameter: 40 mm
    • MS Angle: 75×75 mm

Summary Table: Load Reading Error Limits

Rounding Off Rule (IS 2:1960)

• If the digit to be dropped is <5, leave the last retained digit unchanged.
• If the digit to be dropped is ≥5, increase the last retained digit by 1.

flowchart LR
    A[Test/Analysis Result] --> B[Round off per IS 2:1960]
    B --> C[Retain significant digits as per standard]
    C --> D[Calculate average value]
    D --> E[Compare with specified limits]
    E --> F{Within Limits?}
    F -->|Yes| G[Pass]
    F -->|No| H[Fail]

Note: For detailed apparatus dimensions and test procedures, refer to Figures 1 & 2 in IS 2690 Part 2.

IS 2690 Part 2: Key Specifications for Terracing Tiles

Dimensions & Shape (Clause 4.1)

• Tiles must be uniform in shape and size.
• Made from good soil, evenly textured, and well burnt.
• Free from twists, bends, cracks, and stone particles.

Tolerances (Clause 5.1.4)

• Length, width, and thickness tolerances:
  ± 3% of nominal dimensions.

Warpage (Clause 5.2.1)

• Maximum allowable warpage:
  ≤ 2% of tile dimension in any direction.
• Measurement method:
  Place a straight-edge on the tile on a flat surface, measure the maximum gap using a metallic wedge.

Summary Table

flowchart LR
    A[Tile Sample] --> B[Place on Flat Surface]
    B --> C[Place Straight-Edge on Tile]
    C --> D[Measure Max Gap with Metallic Wedge]
    D --> E{Is Gap ≤ 2% of Dimension?}
    E -- Yes --> F[Accept Tile]
    E -- No --> G[Reject Tile]

This ensures tiles meet dimensional accuracy and flatness for quality terracing application.

IS 2690 Part 2: Water Absorption & Related Specifications

Water Absorption (Clause 6.1)

• Max water absorption by weight: ≤ 20%
• Test method: As per IS 3495 (Part 2): 1992

Flexural Strength (Clauses 3.1.1 & 4.1)

• Soaking condition: Soak tiles in water at 27 ± 3°C for 24 hours
• Flexural strength formula:

[ \text{Flexural strength} = \frac{15 \times W \times S}{b \times t^2} \quad \text{N/mm}^2 ]

Where:

• (W) = breaking load in kg
• (S) = span in mm (3/4th of tile length)
• (b) = width of tile in mm
• (t) = thickness of tile in mm

Warpage Measurement (Clause 5.2.1)

• Max warpage ≤ 2% of tile dimension
• Use a straight-edge and metallic wedge to measure maximum gap

Summary Table:

flowchart LR
    A[Tile Sample] --> B[Soak in water @ 27±3°C for 24h]
    B --> C[Measure Breaking Load (W)]
    C --> D[Calculate Flexural Strength]
    A --> E[Place tile on flat surface]
    E --> F[Place straight-edge]
    F --> G[Measure max gap with wedge]
    G --> H[Check warpage ≤ 2%]
    A --> I[Dry & weigh before and after soaking]
    I --> J[Calculate Water Absorption ≤ 20%]

This ensures tile quality per IS 2690 Part 2 standards.

Flexural Strength as per IS 2690 Part 2

Key Formula (Clause 4.1, Annex B-4.1):

[ \text{Flexural Strength (N/mm}^2) = \frac{15 \times W \times S}{b \times t^2} ]

Where:

• W = Breaking load (kg)
• S = Span (mm) = 3/4 of tile length
• b = Width of tile (mm)
• t = Thickness of tile (mm)

Specifications:

• Minimum Flexural Strength: 1.5 N/mm² (Clause 7.1)
• Water Absorption: ≤ 20% by weight (IS 3495 Part 2)

Testing:

• Flexural strength is determined by the modulus of rupture in bending.
• Test specimens and procedures are detailed in Annex B of IS 2690 Part 2.

Summary Table:

This ensures tiles have adequate bending resistance for structural use.

Sampling and Criteria for Suitability (IS 2690 Part 2)

• Sampling Method: As per IS 5454:1978, which details the sampling procedure for ceramic tiles.

• Criteria for Suitability: Tiles must meet the requirements specified in IS 5454, including:

  • Visual inspection for defects.
  • Dimensional tolerances.
  • Physical and mechanical properties.

• Rounding Off: Use IS 2:1960 rules for rounding test results to the same significant figures as specified in the standard.

Key References:

Summary of Sampling Criteria (from IS 5454:1978):

• Sample size determined based on batch size.
• Random sampling to ensure representativeness.
• Acceptance criteria based on defect limits and test results.

flowchart LR
    A[Batch of Tiles] --> B[Random Sampling as per IS 5454]
    B --> C{Test for Suitability}
    C -->|Pass| D[Accept Batch]
    C -->|Fail| E[Reject or Re-test]

For detailed sampling tables and acceptance limits, refer directly to IS 5454:1978 annexures.

IS 2690 Part 2: Marking Specifications for Terracing Tiles

• Clause 9.1:

  • Each tile must be legibly and indelibly marked with:
    • Manufacturer’s identification or trademark (if any).
    • Symbol "Il" to indicate hand-made tile.
  • Marking area shall not exceed 5% of the tile surface area.

• Clause 9.1.1:

  • Tiles may also carry the BIS Standard Mark, indicating compliance with IS 2690 under BIS quality control and inspection.

Summary Table: Marking Requirements

Notes on Standard Mark:

• Indicates compliance with BIS standards and quality control.
• Use governed by BIS Act, 1986.
• Licensing details available from BIS offices.

flowchart TD
    A[Terracing Tile] --> B[Manufacturer ID/Trademark]
    A --> C[Symbol "Il" (Hand-made)]
    A --> D[Marking Area ≤ 5%]
    A --> E[Optional: BIS Standard Mark]

This ensures traceability and quality assurance per IS 2690 (Part 2):1992.

IS 2690 Part 2 (1992) - List of Referenced Indian Standards

Key Referenced IS Codes (Annex A, Clause 2.1)

Important Specifications & Notes

• Load Measurement Accuracy:
  Error in load reading ≤ 2.2 N for loads up to 220 N (Clause 2.2.1).

• Marking:
  Each terracing tile may be marked with the Standard Mark (Clause 9.1.1).

• Apparatus Dimensions:
  Refer to Figures 1 & 2 in IS 2690 Part 2 for testing machine and transverse test apparatus details.

Summary Diagram: Referenced Standards Relation

graph TD
    A[IS 2690 Part 2] --> B[IS 2248: Glossary]
    A --> C[IS 3495 Part 1: Compression Strength]
    A --> D[IS 3495 Part 2: Water Absorption]
    A --> E[IS 5454: Sampling Method]

For detailed test procedures and apparatus, consult the full IS 2690 Part 2 document and referenced IS codes.

IS 2690 Part 2: Determination of Flexural Strength

Key Formula (Clause 4.1, Annex B)

[ \text{Flexural Strength} = \frac{15 \times W \times S}{b \times t^2} \quad \text{N/mm}^2 ]

• W = Breaking load (kg)
• S = Span (mm) = 3/4 of tile length
• b = Width of tile (mm)
• t = Thickness of tile (mm)

Specifications

• Minimum Flexural Strength: 1.5 N/mm² (Clause 7.1)
• Water Absorption: ≤ 20% by weight (IS 3495 Part 2:1992, Clause 6.1)

Notes

• The span (S) is critical and equals 75% of the tile length.
• Flexural strength is also called the modulus of rupture.
• Test method is described in Annex B of IS 2690 Part 2.

flowchart LR
    A[Tile Specimen] --> B[Apply Load W]
    B --> C[Measure Span S = 0.75 × Tile Length]
    C --> D[Measure Width b & Thickness t]
    D --> E[Calculate Flexural Strength]
    E --> F{Flexural Strength ≥ 1.5 N/mm²?}
    F -->|Yes| G[Pass]
    F -->|No| H[Fail]

This ensures tiles meet minimum bending strength for durability.