IS 2380 Part 231981AI Search Enabled✦ AI Generated

Method of test for wood particle boards and boards from other lignocellulosic materials, Part 23: Vibration tests for particle boards

IS 2380 Part 23:1981 specifies a standardized vibration test method for wood particle boards and boards made from other lignocellulosic materials. This test evaluates the dynamic resonant frequency and stiffness of particle boards, providing a non-destructive means to assess their mechanical properties under vibration. It is essential for manufacturers, researchers, and quality control engineers involved in the production and testing of particle boards to ensure performance consistency and suitability for structural and furniture applications.

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75Clauses Indexed
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1981Edition
Wood and other Lignocellulosic productsCategory
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What This Standard Covers

IS 2380 Part 23:1981 specifies a standardized vibration test method for wood particle boards and boards made from other lignocellulosic materials. This test evaluates the dynamic resonant frequency and stiffness of particle boards, providing a non-destructive means to assess their mechanical properties under vibration. It is essential for manufacturers, researchers, and quality control engineers involved in the production and testing of particle boards to ensure performance consistency and suitability for structural and furniture applications.

Who Uses This Standard

  • Particle board manufacturers
  • Quality control engineers
  • Materials testing laboratories
  • Research and development engineers
  • Structural engineers
  • Furniture designers
  • Wood products certification bodies

Key Topics Covered

Scope and application of vibration testing
Test specimen preparation and conditioning
Specimen dimensions and measurement accuracy
Test setup including support and excitation methods
Use of electromagnetic drivers and pickups
Determination of resonant frequency
Calculation of dynamic modulus of elasticity (Young's modulus)
Non-destructive evaluation techniques
Data reporting and test result documentation
Environmental conditioning requirements
Stiffness calculation of particle boards
Equipment calibration and test accuracy

Table of Contents

1Scope

IS 2380 Part 23: Scope & Key Specifications

Scope:
This part of IS 2380 covers the determination of the dynamic modulus of elasticity (Young's modulus) of timber specimens by resonant frequency methods, harmonized internationally and adapted for Indian practices.


Key Formulas and Specifications:

  • Specimen Size:
    Rectangular specimen of 70 cm (length) x 30 cm (width).

  • Support Points:
    Located at a distance of 0.224 × specimen length from each end to simulate zero displacement.

  • Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity (E):
    Calculated from fundamental resonant frequency using:

    [ E = \frac{1036 \times b \times d^3 \times f^2}{l^3 \times w} ]

    Where:

    • (E) = Dynamic modulus of elasticity in bending (kg/cm²)
    • (b) = Width of specimen (cm)
    • (d) = Thickness of specimen (cm)
    • (l) = Length of specimen (cm)
    • (f) = Fundamental resonant frequency (Hz)
    • (w) = Weight of specimen (kg)
  • Testing Procedure:

    • Excite specimen with variable frequency oscillator and loudspeaker.
    • Measure fundamental frequency using oscilloscope.
    • Ensure no higher harmonics are recorded.
  • Rounding Off:
    Follow IS 2-1960 for rounding test results.


flowchart LR
    A[Specimen: 70x30 cm] --> B[Supported at 0.224*l from ends]
    B --> C[Excited by variable frequency oscillator & loudspeaker]
    C --> D[Measure fundamental frequency (f) with oscilloscope]
    D --> E[Calculate E using formula]

Summary: This standard defines a precise method to measure the dynamic modulus of elasticity of timber using resonance frequency, ensuring consistent, internationally aligned testing.

2General

IS 2380 Part 23 (1981) — Key Formula for Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity (Method B):

The Young’s modulus (dynamic modulus of elasticity in bending) E is calculated from the fundamental frequency of vibration of a timber specimen by:

[ E = 1036 \times \frac{l^3 \times f^2 \times w}{b \times d^3} ]

Where:

  • (E) = Dynamic modulus of elasticity in bending (kg/cm²)
  • (l) = Length of specimen (cm)
  • (b) = Width of specimen (cm)
  • (d) = Thickness of specimen (cm)
  • (f) = Fundamental resonant frequency (Hz)
  • (w) = Weight of specimen (kg)

Notes:

  • This formula is used for nondestructive testing of timber to estimate stiffness.
  • Ensure specimen dimensions and weight are accurately measured.
  • Frequency is obtained by resonant vibration testing.

Conceptual Diagram (Specimen Dimensions):

graph LR
A[Specimen] --> B(Length, l)
A --> C(Width, b)
A --> D(Thickness, d)
A --> E(Weight, w)
A --> F(Frequency, f)

This formula is central to IS 2380 Part 23 for determining timber's dynamic modulus of elasticity by vibration method.

3Test Specimen

IS 2380 Part 23: Test Specimen & Key Formulas

Test Specimen (Clause 3.1)

  • Shape: Square
  • Side length (a): 25 to 40 times thickness (h)
  • Measurement accuracy: ±0.1 mm for a & h
  • Conditioning: 65 ± 5% RH, 27 ± 2℃ until constant mass
  • Weight accuracy: ±0.01 g

Test Setup (Clause 4.1)

  • Specimen size: 70 cm x 30 cm (rectangular)
  • Support points: Distance from ends = 0.224 × length (L)
  • Excitation: Variable frequency oscillator + loudspeaker below specimen center/end
  • Detection: Pick-up above surface or opposite end
  • Record fundamental resonant frequency (f) only

Calculation of Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity (Clause 4.2)

[ E = \frac{1036 \times L \times b \times d^3 \times f^2}{w} ]

Where:

  • (E) = Dynamic modulus of elasticity (kg/cm²)
  • (L) = Length of specimen (cm)
  • (b) = Width of specimen (cm)
  • (d) = Thickness of specimen (cm)
  • (f) = Fundamental frequency (Hz)
  • (w) = Weight of specimen (kg)

Summary Table

ParameterValue/RangeAccuracy
Specimen ShapeSquare-
Side length (a)25h ≤ a ≤ 40h±0.1 mm
Thickness (h)Measured±0.1 mm
Conditioning65 ± 5% RH, 27 ± 2℃-
Weight (w)Measured±0.01 g
Test Specimen Size70 cm × 30 cm (rectangular)-
Support distance0.224 × length from ends-
Frequency (f)Fundamental resonant frequency-

flowchart LR
    A
4Test Procedure

IS 2380 Part 23: Test Procedure Key Points

Test Specimen (Clause 3.1)

  • Shape: Square
  • Side length (a): 25 to 40 times thickness (h)
  • Measurement accuracy: ±0.1 mm for dimensions; ±0.01 g for weight
  • Conditioning: Humidity chamber at 65 ± 5% RH, 27 ± 2°C until constant mass

Test Setup (Clause 4.1)

  • Specimen size: Rectangular, 70 cm x 30 cm
  • Support points: Distance from ends = 0.224 × length (L)
  • Excitation: Variable frequency oscillator + loudspeaker below specimen (middle or one end)
  • Pickup: Above surface or opposite end
  • Measurement: Resonant frequency via oscilloscope (fundamental frequency only)

Reporting

  • Round off results per IS 2-1960 guidelines

Specimen Dimension Formula:

[ 25h \leq a \leq 40h ]

Support Location:

[ d = 0.224 \times L ]


graph LR
A[Test Specimen] --> B[Square shape]
B --> C[Side a = 25 to 40 × thickness h]
A --> D[Conditioning: 65 ± 5% RH, 27 ± 2°C]
E[Test Setup] --> F[Rectangular specimen 70×30 cm]
F --> G[Supports at 0.224 × length from ends]
E --> H[Loudspeaker excitation below specimen]
E --> I[Pickup above specimen surface]
I --> J[Oscilloscope measures fundamental frequency]

This ensures accurate resonance frequency measurement for material characterization.

5Calculation

IS 2380 Part 23 — Key Formula for Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity (E):

The dynamic modulus of elasticity in bending is calculated from the fundamental resonant frequency of the specimen using:

[ \boxed{ E = \frac{1036 \times b \times d^3 \times f^2}{l^3 \times w} } ]

Where:

  • ( E ) = Dynamic modulus of elasticity (kg/cm²)
  • ( b ) = Width of specimen (cm)
  • ( d ) = Thickness of specimen (cm)
  • ( l ) = Length of specimen (cm)
  • ( f ) = Fundamental resonant frequency (Hz)
  • ( w ) = Weight of specimen (kg)

Specimen Requirements (Clause 3.1)

  • Shape: Square with side (a)
  • Side length (a) = 25 to 40 times thickness (h)
  • Thickness and sides measured with ±0.1 mm accuracy
  • Conditioning: 65 ± 5% RH, 27 ± 2°C
  • Weight accuracy: 0.01 g

Notes:

  • Frequency (f) is squared in the formula (commonly (f^2) in dynamic modulus formulas).
  • Ensure consistent units (cm, kg, Hz).
  • Rounding off results per IS 2-1960.

flowchart LR
    A[Specimen Dimensions: b, d, l] --> B[Measure Fundamental Frequency f]
    B --> C[Measure Weight w]
    C --> D[Calculate E using formula]
    D --> E[Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity E]

This method (Method 'B') provides a nondestructive way to estimate timber elasticity.

6Report

IS 2380 Part 23 - Key Formulas and Report Specifications

1. Report Details (Clause 3.3)

The report must include:

  • Manufacturer/source name
  • Type and grade of particle board
  • Adhesive used
  • End use
  • Specimen number/reference
  • Specimen size (Length l, Width b, Thickness h)
  • Weight at 65 ± 5% humidity & 27 ± 2°C
  • Moisture content
  • Resonant frequency (N)
  • Stiffness (S) calculated as per clause (h)

2. Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity (E) Calculation (Clause 4.2)

[ E = \frac{1036 \times b \times d^3 \times f^2}{w \times l^3} ]

Where:

SymbolDescriptionUnit
EDynamic modulus of elasticity in bendingkg/cm²
bWidth of specimencm
dThickness of specimencm
fFundamental resonant frequency (Hz)cycles/sec
wWeight of specimenkg
lLength of specimencm

3. Stiffness (S) Calculation (Clause 3.3h)

  • Stiffness S is calculated from the resonant frequency and specimen dimensions (formula not explicitly given, typically related to bending stiffness).

Summary

ParameterUnit/Details
Resonant Frequency (N)Hz
Specimen SizeLength (l), Width (b), Thickness (d) in cm
Weight (w)kg (at specified humidity/temp)
Dynamic Modulus (E)kg/cm²
Moisture ContentPercentage (%)

flowchart LR
    A[Specimen Details] --> B[Measure Resonant Frequency (f)]
    B --> C[Calculate E using formula]
    C --> D[Calculate Stiffness (S)]
    D --> E[Compile Report with all details]

This ensures compliance with IS 2380

Popular Questions About IS 2380 Part 23

?What are the required dimensions and conditioning parameters for test specimens?

According to IS 2380 Part 23, the test specimen requirements are:

Dimensions:

  • Shape: Square
  • Side length (a): Between 25 to 40 times the thickness (h)
  • Thickness (h) and sides (a): Measured to 0.1 mm accuracy

Conditioning Parameters:

  • Humidity: 65% ± 5%
  • Temperature: 27°C ± 2°C
  • Conditioning: Specimen must reach constant mass
  • Weight measurement accuracy: 0.01 g

Additional Notes:

  • For resonance tests, a rectangular specimen of 70 x 30 cm is used, supported at points 0.224 times the length from each end.
  • Excitation and measurement use a variable frequency oscillator, loudspeaker, and oscilloscope to determine fundamental resonant frequency.

Summary Table

ParameterValue/RangeAccuracy
Specimen shapeSquare-
Side length (a)25h ≤ a ≤ 40h± 0.1 mm
Thickness (h)Measured± 0.1 mm
Humidity65% ± 5%-
Temperature27°C ± 2°C-
Weight accuracy-± 0.01 g

This ensures uniformity and reproducibility in testing wood particle boards and similar lignocellulosic materials.

?How is the resonant frequency of particle boards determined using this standard?

Determination of Resonant Frequency of Particle Boards as per IS 2380 Part 23

  1. Specimen Preparation:

    • Attach a small thin soft iron piece firmly at the center of the particle board specimen using glue or lac.
  2. Test Setup:

    • Mount the specimen rigidly in a frame.
    • Position an electromagnetic driver just below the soft iron piece.
    • Adjust the distance between the iron piece and electromagnet to allow free vibrations.
  3. Procedure:

    • Energize the electromagnet using a calibrated oscillator.
    • Vary the oscillator frequency to induce vibration in the specimen.
    • Detect vibrations via an electromagnetic or piezoelectric pickup.
    • Use a cathode ray oscillograph or AC multivoltmeter to observe resonance.
  4. Resonant Frequency (N):

    • The frequency at which maximum vibration amplitude occurs is the resonant frequency.
  5. Stiffness Calculation:

    • Stiffness ( S ) is calculated from the resonant frequency and specimen dimensions (thickness ( h )) as per the formula given in the standard (not fully detailed here).

Summary Table:

StepDescription
Iron piece attachmentAt specimen center
MountingRigid frame
Driver placementBelow iron piece
Frequency variationUsing calibrated oscillator
Vibration detectionElectromagnetic/piezoelectric pickup
Resonant frequencyFrequency at max amplitude
Stiffness ( S )Calculated from resonant frequency and thickness
Loading diagram...

This method is non-destructive and evaluates dynamic stiffness and resonant characteristics of particle boards.

?What equipment is necessary to perform the vibration test as per IS 2380 Part 23?

As per IS 2380 Part 23 (1981), the equipment necessary for performing the vibration test on particle boards includes:

  • Specimen plate: Rectangular, typically 70 x 30 cm.
  • Soft iron piece: Small, thin, attached at the specimen center with glue or lac.
  • Rigid frame and rig: To hold the specimen firmly.
  • Electromagnetic driver (electromagnet): Placed just below the soft iron piece to induce vibrations.
  • Calibrated variable frequency oscillator: To energize the electromagnet and vary vibration frequency.
  • Vibration pick-up: Electromagnetic or piezoelectric sensor placed on or near the specimen to detect vibrations.
  • Display/Measurement device: Cathode ray oscillograph (oscilloscope) or AC multivoltmeter to observe resonance frequency.

Setup summary:

  • Specimen supported at specific points (0.224 × specimen length from ends).
  • Electromagnetic driver excites specimen.
  • Pick-up senses vibrations.
  • Oscilloscope or voltmeter records resonance.
Loading diagram...

This ensures accurate resonance frequency measurement for particle board characterization.

?How is the dynamic modulus of elasticity calculated from the vibration test data?

According to IS 2380 Part 23, the dynamic modulus of elasticity (E) from vibration test data is calculated using the fundamental resonant frequency of a rectangular specimen.

Procedure Summary:

  • Support the specimen at points 0.224 times its length from each end.
  • Excite it using a variable frequency oscillator and detect resonance.
  • Measure the fundamental resonant frequency ( f ) (Hz).
  • Record specimen dimensions: length ( l ), width ( b ), thickness ( d ) (cm), and weight ( w ) (kg).

Formula for Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity:

[ \boxed{ E = \frac{1036 \times b \times d^3 \times f^2}{l^3 \times w} } ]

Where:

  • ( E ) = Dynamic modulus of elasticity in bending (kg/cm²)
  • ( f ) = Fundamental resonant frequency (Hz)
  • ( l, b, d ) = Length, width, thickness of specimen (cm)
  • ( w ) = Weight of specimen (kg)

Key Points:

  • The method is non-destructive.
  • Resonance frequency corresponds to the fundamental bending mode.
  • The specimen must be excited and measured carefully to avoid higher harmonics.
Loading diagram...

This approach provides a reliable estimate of stiffness under dynamic loading for particle boards.

?What details must be included in the test report to comply with this standard?

To comply with IS 2380 Part 23, the test report must include the following details:

  • Manufacturer/source of the particle board.
  • Type and grade of the particle board.
  • Adhesive used in the particle board.
  • End use of the particle board.
  • Specimen number/reference.
  • Specimen size, including:
    • Thickness (h) measured to 0.1 mm accuracy.
    • Side length (a) (square specimen: 25 to 40 times thickness).
  • Weight of the specimen at 65 ± 5% humidity and 27 ± 2°C, measured to 0.01 g accuracy.
  • Moisture content of the specimen.
  • Resonant frequency (N) measured during the test.
  • Stiffness (S) of the particle board calculated as per the standard.

Important Notes:

  • Specimen conditioning and measurements must follow the specified humidity and temperature.
  • Final reported values should be rounded according to IS 2-1960.

This ensures consistency and traceability in reporting particle board stiffness and resonant frequency tests.

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