Preservation of bamboo and cane for non-structural purposes - Code of practice

IS 1902 - Scope & Key Specifications Summary

Scope (Clause 1.2):

• Covers preservation of bamboo and cane except structural bamboo (covered by IS 9096).
• References related standards for preservatives and treatment methods.

Key Tables & Specifications

Recommended Preservatives & Treatment (Table 1 Summary)

Notes:

• Preservatives codes (a, b, c, d, e, f, g) refer to specific chemical formulations detailed in Clause 3.2.
• Absorption is verified by weight difference and chemical analysis (Clause 6.2).
• Rounding off follows IS 2:1960 rules.

flowchart LR
    A[Raw Bamboo/Cane] --> B[Treatment Process]
    B --> C{

IS 1902: Key References, Formulas & Tables Summary

1. Rounding Off (IS 2:1960)

• Final test/analysis values shall be rounded off per IS 2:1960.
• Retain the same significant figures as specified in the standard.

2. Referenced Standards

3. Preservative Treatment Table (Clause 5.2, Table 1)

• Preservatives: Creosote, copper/chrome/arsenic compounds, etc.
• Concentration: 1% to 8% depending on use.
• Absorption: 0.2 to 8 kg/m³ depending on preservative and bamboo condition.
• Methods: Diffusion, vacuum/pressure, Modified Boucherie process, soaking/brush.

4. Absorption Calculation (Clause 6.2)

• Absorption = (Weight after treatment - Weight before treatment) / Volume of material
• Confirmed by chemical analysis.

Visual: Treatment Process Flow

flowchart LR
    A[Bamboo/Cane Material] --> B[Treatment Method]
    B

IS 1902: Recommended Preservatives for Bamboo & Cane

Key Preservatives & Treatment (from Table 1, Clause 5.2)

Notes:

• Preservatives types (Clause 3.1) refer to IS 401.
• Absorption determined by chemical analysis (Clause 6.2).
• Copper napthenate/abietate and zinc napthenate/abietate used at specified % copper/zinc.
• Modified Boucherie process is a pressure treatment method.

Common Preservatives (IS 401 references):

• d: Creosote oil (IS 218)
• b: Copper-based water-soluble preservatives (IS 10013 parts 1-3)
• c, e, f, g: Various formulations including ACC, CCA, CCB, and other proprietary mixes.

Absorption Formula (Weight Method):

[ \text{Absorption} = \frac{W_{\text{after}} - W_{\text{before}}}{V} ]

IS 1902: Methods of Treatment for Bamboo and Cane

Key Specifications (from Clause 5.2 & Table 1)

Treatment Methods (Clause 4.1 & 4.1.2)

• Modified Boucherie Process:

  • Bamboo attached to rubber tubes in a pressurized tank (0.1-0.14 N/mm²) with preservative solution.
  • Pressure forces sap out and preservative in via capillary action.
  • Ensures deep penetration of preservative.

• Diffusion Process: Slow penetration of preservative by soaking.

• Vacuum/Pressure Process: Vacuum removes air, pressure injects preservatives.

• FFP Process (Fast Fluctuating Pressure): Cyclic pressure changes to enhance absorption.

Absorption Calculation (Clause 6.2)

[ \text{Absorption} = \frac{W_{\text{after}} - W_{\text{before}}}{V} ]

• (W_{\text{before}}), (W_{\text{after}}): Weight before and after treatment
• (V): Volume of bamboo/cane sample

Summary Diagram of Modified Boucherie Process

flowchart LR
   

IS 1902: Choice of Preservative and Method of Treatment for Bamboo & Cane

Key Points from Clause 5.1 & Table 1 (Clause 6.2):

• Choice depends on intended use (structural vs. non-structural).
• Preservatives include:
  • d: Creosote oil
  • e, f: Water soluble preservatives like ACC, CCA, CCB (see IS 10013 parts 1-3)
  • b: Copper napthanate/abietate
  • c: Other specified preservatives (e.g., Lindane-based)
• Preservative concentration ranges from 1% to 8% depending on use.
• Absorption varies from 0.2 to 8 kg/m³.
• Methods of treatment:
  • Diffusion process
  • Modified Boucherie process
  • FFP (Full cell, Full Pressure) process
  • Vacuum/pressure process
  • Steeping, soaking, brushing, momentary dip
  • Glue line poisoning (for bonded boards)

Example Table Extract (Non-structural Uses):

Formula for Absorption (Clause 6.2):

[ \text{Absorption} = \frac{\text{Weight after treatment} - \text{Weight before treatment}}{\text{Volume of material}} \quad (kg/m^3) ]

Summary:

• Use creosote oil

IS 1902 - Testing of Preservative in Treated Bamboo and Cane

Sample Preparation (Clause 6.2)

• Sample powdered by hand file or powdering machine.
• Alternatively, convert into chips (~10 mm × 2 mm × 1 mm).
• Mix thoroughly; take 10-20 g for chemical analysis.

Key Table: Recommended Preservatives & Treatment (Clause 6.2, Table 1)

Important Notes:

• Absorption is determined chemically and compared with weight gain.
• Preservatives include copper-chrome-arsenic (CCA), acid-copper-chrome (ACC), copper-chrome-boron (CCB), creosote oil, and others per referenced IS standards (IS 218, IS 10013 series).
• Methods: Diffusion, Modified Boucherie, FFP, vacuum/pressure, steeping, soaking, brush, or dip.

Formula for Net Absorption (kg/m³):

[ \text{Absorption} = \frac{\text{Weight after treatment} - \text{Weight before treatment}}{\text{Volume of material (m}^3)} ]

flowchart LR
    A[Sample Collection] --> B[Powdering / Chipping]
    B --> C[Mixing Sample]
    C --> D[Take 10-20 g Sample]
    D --> E[Chemical Analysis]
    E --> F[Determine Preserv

IS 1902 - Clause 7.2: Determination of Presence of Preservative

Key Points & Method (Clause 7.2 & Annex A)

• Sample Preparation (Clause 6.2):

  • Powder or chip the treated sample into small pieces (~10 mm × 2 mm × 1 mm).
  • Mix thoroughly and take 10-20 g for chemical analysis.

• Colour Reaction Test (Annex A - Clause 7.2.1):

  • Used for Copper-Chrome-Arsenic (CCA), Acid-Copper-Chrome, and Copper-Chrome-Boron preservatives.
  • These preservatives give definite colour reactions when tested chemically.
  • Other preservatives (Clause 7.2.2) do not show definite colour reactions.

Summary Table of Colour Reactions (Typical)

Practical Notes:

• This test is qualitative, confirming presence rather than concentration.
• For quantitative absorption, refer to Clause 7.1 (not detailed here).

flowchart TD
    A[Sample Preparation] --> B[Powder or chip sample]
    B --> C[Mix sample thoroughly]
    C --> D[Take 10-20 g for testing]
    D --> E{Preservative Type?}
    E -->|CCA, Acid-Cu-Cr, Cu-Cr-B| F[Colour Reaction Test]
    E -->|Others| G[No definite colour reaction]

This method ensures quick verification of preservative presence in treated materials per IS 1902.

IS 1902 - Method for Determination of Preservatives by Colour Reaction

Key Points from IS 1902:

• Clause 7.2.1 specifies preservatives detectable by visual colour reaction:

  • Copper-chrome-arsenic (CCA)
  • Acid-copper-chrome (ACC)
  • Copper-chrome-boron (CCB)
  • Boric acid and borax

• Clause 7.2.2 states preservatives other than above do not give definite colour reactions.

Method Summary (Annex A):

• Test Principle: Application of specific reagents on treated bamboo/cane surface produces characteristic colour changes indicating preservative presence.

• Colour Reactions:

Practical Steps:

1. Prepare reagent as per Annex A instructions.
2. Apply reagent on cross-section or surface of treated material.
3. Observe colour change immediately.
4. Confirm preservative presence if colour matches above.

Notes:

• This is a qualitative test; no exact concentration is measured.
• For preservatives not listed, alternative chemical or instrumental tests are required.

flowchart TD
    A[Treated Bamboo/Cane Sample] --> B[Apply Reagent]
    B --> C{Colour Change?}
    C -- Yes --> D[Identify Preservative Type]
    C -- No --> E[Preservative Absent or Not Detectable by Colour]

For detailed reagent preparation and exact procedure, refer to Annex A of IS 1902.