mixing valves for ablutionary and domestic purposes

IS 1701 Scope Summary

• Scope: Covers technical provisions for manufacture and testing of mixing valves (Clause 0.9).
• Does not cover all contract provisions.
• Metric system is mandatory; non-metric units shown for transition only (Clause 0.7).
• References to other IS standards must be to the latest versions (Clause 0.6.1).
• Numerical results must be rounded per IS 2-1960 rules (Clause 0.8).

Key Points:

No specific formulas or tables are provided under "Scope" in IS 1701.

flowchart LR
    A[IS 1701 Standard] --> B[Mixing valves manufacture & testing]
    A --> C[References latest IS standards]
    A --> D[Metric system adopted]
    A --> E[Rounding off per IS 2-1960]
    B --> F[Technical provisions only]
    B -.-> G[Contract provisions excluded]

IS 1701: Definitions Overview

IS 1701 primarily deals with sanitary appliances and water fittings. Clause 2.0 defines key terms used throughout the standard to ensure uniform understanding.

Key Points on Definitions (Clause 2.0):

• Definitions clarify terminology related to sanitary appliances, water fittings, and accessories.
• These terms set the basis for design, manufacture, and testing requirements.
• Typical definitions include:
  • Sanitary Appliance: Fixtures like basins, sinks, water closets.
  • Water Fittings: Components like taps, valves, connectors.
  • Accessories: Additional parts such as brackets, supports.

Why Definitions Matter:

• Ensure consistent interpretation across manufacturers, engineers, and inspectors.
• Provide a common language for compliance and quality assurance.

Note:

IS 1701 references other IS codes for detailed specifications of individual appliances and fittings.

If you need specific definitions or formulas related to performance or dimensions, please specify the appliance or fitting type.

IS 1701 - Materials Specifications Summary

• Materials Allowed:

  • Brass (Grade 3 as per IS:292-1951)
  • Leaded Tin Bronze (Grade 2 as per IS:318-1952)
  • Stainless Steel or other corrosion-resistant alloys
  • Manganese Bronze (for hot pressings)

• Relevant Indian Standards:

  Material Type	IS Code	Grade	Description
  Brass Ingots & Castings	IS: 292-1951	Grade 3	Brass ingots and castings
  Brass Rods (Spindles, Nuts, etc)	IS: 319-1951	-	Brass rods for components
  Leaded Tin Bronze Ingots & Castings	IS: 318-1952	Grade 2	Leaded tin bronze ingots

• Units:

  • Metric system adopted (dimensions and quantities in SI units)
  • Non-metric values provided for transition only

• Rounding Off:

  • Follow IS: 2-1960 for rounding numerical test results

Note: This standard focuses on manufacturing/testing mixing valves, not full contract provisions.

flowchart TD
    A[Materials for Components] --> B[Brass (IS:292-1951 Grade 3)]
    A --> C[Leaded Tin Bronze (IS:318-1952 Grade 2)]
    A --> D[Stainless Steel / Corrosion-resistant alloys]
    A --> E[Manganese Bronze (Hot Pressings)]

IS 1701: Manufacture and Workmanship - Key Specifications

• Materials for Components (Clause 4.1):

  • Brass, leaded tin bronze, stainless steel, or equivalent corrosion-resistant alloys.
  • Hot pressings may use manganese bronze.
  • Brass ingots & castings: Grade 3 as per IS: 292-1951
  • Brass rods (for spindles, glands, nuts): per IS: 319-1951
  • Leaded tin bronze ingots & castings: Grade 2 as per IS: 318-1952

• Metric System & Rounding (Clauses 0.7 & 0.8):

  • All dimensions in metric units; non-metric values given for reference only.
  • Final test values rounded per IS: 2-1960 rules, keeping significant digits consistent with specified values.

• Manufacture Focus:

  • The standard covers technical provisions for manufacture and testing of mixing valves, not contractual terms.

Summary Table: Material Specifications

For detailed workmanship, follow the referenced IS codes for casting quality, dimensional tolerances, and corrosion resistance.

IS 1701 & IS 554-1955: Dimensions and Threading for Gas Pipes

• Threading Standard:
  Threading of inlet/outlet connections must conform to IS 554-1955, which specifies pipe threads for gas tubes and screwed fittings.

• Key Thread Parameters (from IS 554-1955):

  Thread Size (BSP)	Pitch (mm)	Major Diameter (mm)	Minor Diameter (mm)	Thread Angle (°)
  1/8"	0.907	9.728	8.639	55
  1/4"	1.337	13.157	11.938	55
  3/8"	1.337	16.662	15.438	55
  1/2"	1.814	20.955	19.241	55

• Thread Type:
  Whitworth thread form with 55° included angle.

• Material Reference:
  Free cutting brass rods/bars per IS 319-1951 recommended for machining threads.

Threading Dimensions Summary

• Pitch (p): Distance between adjacent threads.
• Major Diameter (D): External thread's largest diameter.
• Minor Diameter (d): Internal thread's smallest diameter.
• Thread Angle: 55° standard for Whitworth threads.

graph LR
A[Pipe Thread] --> B[Major Diameter (D)]
A --> C[Minor Diameter (d)]
A --> D[Pitch (p)]
A --> E[Thread Angle 55°]

Ensure all threads are checked for conformity with IS 554-1955 before installation.

IS 1701: Testing Requirements for Mixing Valves

Key Specifications & Formulas:

• Loss of Head Determination (Clause 7.2):
  Loss of head (ΔH) = Pressure_inlet − Pressure_outlet
  Measured at flow control mid-position (half-open).

• Permissible Loss of Head (Table I):

Testing Setup:

• Follow the arrangement shown in Fig. 2 (Appendix A) for measuring pressure difference.
• Use calibrated pressure gauges at inlet and outlet.
• Flow rate controlled and measured accurately.

Additional Notes:

• Round off test results per IS:2-1960 rules.
• ISI Certification Mark applies as per Clause 8.2.

flowchart LR
    A[Water Supply] --> B[Mixing Valve (Mid-position)]
    B --> C[Pressure Gauge Outlet]
    A --> D[Pressure Gauge Inlet]
    D -->|Measure Pressure_inlet| E[Calculate ΔH]
    C -->|Measure Pressure_outlet| E
    E --> F[Compare ΔH with Table I Limits]

This ensures valve performance meets IS 1701 criteria for hydraulic efficiency.

IS 1701: Marking and Certification - Key Points

• Marking Requirements (Clause 8.2):
  Each valve may be marked with the ISI Certification Mark as per the Indian Standards Institution (Certification Marks) Act, 1952.

• Certification Mark Usage:

  • Governed by the Act and Rules under ISI.
  • Manufacturers/processors must obtain a license from ISI for its use.

• Reference Standards:

  • All references to Indian Standards must be to the latest version (Clause 6.1).
  • Metric system is mandatory (Clause 0.7).

• Rounding Off Results (Clause 0.8):

  • Follow IS:2-1960 for rounding numerical test results.
  • Retain the same significant figures as specified values.

Summary Table: Marking & Certification

Notes:

• No explicit formulas or tables for marking/certification in IS 1701.
• Testing and loss of head determination are covered separately (Clause 7.2 and Annex A-1).

flowchart LR
    A[Valve Manufacture] --> B{Marking Decision}
    B -- Yes --> C[Apply ISI Certification Mark]
    B -- No --> D[No Marking]
    C --> E[License from ISI Required]
    E --> F[Compliance with IS:2-1960 for test results]

For detailed licensing conditions, contact ISI directly.

IS 1701: Loss of Head Determination for Mixing Valves

Key Specifications (Clause 7.2 & Table I)

• Head loss is the pressure difference between valve inlet and outlet at mid-position flow control.
• Measured using the setup in Appendix A (Fig. 2).

Measurement Method (Appendix A)

• Flow measured by weighing discharged water in a 140-liter tank on a calibrated weighing machine.
• Pressure difference measured via mercury manometers near valve connections.
• Temperature monitored by mercury thermometers within 30 cm of valve.
• Head loss = (Pressure at inlet) - (Pressure at outlet) - (Pipe friction losses).

Summary Formula

[ h_{loss} = \frac{P_{in} - P_{out}}{\rho g} - h_{pipe} ]

Where:

• (P_{in}, P_{out}) = pressures at valve inlet/outlet (Pa)
• (\rho) = water density (kg/m³)
• (g) = acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s²)
• (h_{pipe}) = friction loss in discharge pipe (m)

flowchart LR
    A[Hot Water Storage] -->|Hot water| V(Mixing Valve)
    B[Cold Water Storage] -->|Cold water| V
    V -->|Mixed water| T(140L Tank on Weighing Machine)
    V -->|Pressure measured| M(Mercury Manometers)
    V -->|Temperature measured| Th(Mercury Thermometers)

This ensures

Flow Measurement Method (IS 1701)

Key Points from IS 1701:

• Flow Measurement Setup (Clause 1.1, Fig. 2):

  • Discharge water is collected in a 140-liter capacity tank on a calibrated weighing machine.
  • The weighing machine is adjusted based on valve type and size.
  • Mixed water outlet bore discharges into the tank.
  • Temperature measurement with mercury thermometers near valve inlet/outlet (within 30 cm) is optional unless temperature test is needed.

• Loss of Head Determination (Clause 7.2 & Table I):

  • Head loss is measured as pressure difference between inlet and outlet at mid-position of valve.
  • Loss of head must not exceed values in Table I at specified flow rates.
  • Friction loss in outlet pipe length must be measured and deducted.

Table I: Maximum Permissible Head Loss

Formula for Head Loss (h):

[ h = \frac{P_1 - P_2}{\rho g} ]

• (P_1, P_2) = inlet and outlet pressures (Pa)
• (\rho) = density of water (kg/m³)
• (g) = acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s²)

Testing Arrangement (Fig. 2 Summary):

flowchart LR
    A[Hot Water Storage] -->|Hot Water| V[Mixing Valve]
    B[Cold Water Storage] -->|Cold Water| V
    V -->|Mixed Water| T[140L Tank on Weighing Machine]
   

IS 1701 - Plating Specifications Summary

• Plating Materials:

  • Nickel
  • Chromium

• Minimum Thickness:

  Plating Material	Minimum Thickness (mm)
  Nickel	0.015
  Chromium	0.00025

• Reference Standard:

  • IS 1068-1958: Covers copper, nickel, and chromium electroplated coatings, detailing quality, thickness, and testing methods.

• Application:

  • Applies to plated fittings as per Clause 5.1 of IS 1701.

Key Notes:

• Nickel plating provides corrosion resistance and wear protection.
• Chromium plating offers a thin, hard, and corrosion-resistant surface.
• Thickness values ensure durability and performance per IS 1068.

flowchart LR
    A[IS 1701 Plated Fittings] --> B[Nickel Plating]
    A --> C[Chromium Plating]
    B --> D{Thickness}
    C --> E{Thickness}
    D -->|Min 0.015 mm| F[Durability & Corrosion Resistance]
    E -->|Min 0.00025 mm| F

For detailed electroplating parameters, refer to IS 1068-1958.

IS 1701 Key References & Specifications Summary

• References to Other Standards (Clause 0.6 & 0.6.1):
  This specification refers to various Indian Standards related to sanitary appliances and fittings. Always use the latest version of any referenced IS standard.

• Metric System Adoption (Clause 0.7):
  All dimensions and quantities are in the metric system. Non-metric values are provided in brackets for transition purposes.

• Rounding Off Rules (Clause 0.8):
  Use IS:2-1960 for rounding numerical values.

  • Round off to the same number of significant digits as specified.
  • Applies to test results and calculated values.

• Scope (Clause 0.9):
  Covers technical provisions for manufacture and testing of mixing valves only, excluding contractual provisions.

Important IS Standards Often Referenced:

This ensures consistency, accuracy, and up-to-date compliance in design and testing per IS 1701.

IS 1701 Annex A: Test Apparatus and Procedures (Summary)

Purpose:
To determine the loss of head in mixing valves at various flow rates.

Key Specifications:

• Test Setup:

  • A typical apparatus arrangement is shown in Fig. 2 (not provided here).
  • The setup measures pressure drop across the valve for given flow rates.

• Flow Rates:

  • Refer to Table I for specified flow rates at which loss of head is measured.

• Loss of Head Determination:

  • Measure pressure difference (ΔP) across the valve at each flow rate.
  • Calculate loss of head (h) using:
    [ h = \frac{\Delta P}{\rho g} ] where:
    • (\Delta P) = pressure drop (Pa)
    • (\rho) = density of fluid (kg/m³)
    • (g) = acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s²)

• Marking:

  • Valves may bear the ISI Certification Mark as per Clause 8.2.

Notes:

• All measurements and dimensions use the metric system (Clause 0.7).
• Values are rounded off per IS:2-1960 rules (Clause 0.8).
• Latest IS versions should be referenced (Clause 0.6.1).

Simplified Test Apparatus Flow Diagram:

flowchart LR
    A[Water Source] --> B[Flow Control Valve]
    B --> C[Mixing Valve Under Test]
    C --> D[Pressure Measurement Upstream]
    C --> E[Pressure Measurement Downstream]
    D & E --> F[Pressure Difference Calculation]
    F --> G[Loss of Head Computation]

For detailed apparatus dimensions and exact flow rates, refer to Table I and Fig. 2 in IS 1701 Annex A.