hard-drawn steel wire fabric for concrete reinforcement

IS 1566: Scope Overview

• Scope: IS 1566 covers specifications for steel tubes used in general engineering and structural applications.
• Units: All physical requirements are expressed in SI units.
• Testing & Compliance:
  • Physical and chemical tests conform to latest Indian Standards.
  • Results are rounded off as per IS 2:1960, maintaining the same significant figures as specified values.
• International Coordination: The standard aligns with global practices while considering Indian field conditions.

Key Points:

This ensures uniformity, reliability, and international compatibility in steel tube specifications.

flowchart TD
    A[IS 1566 Scope] --> B[Steel Tubes for Engineering]
    A --> C[SI Units]
    A --> D[Testing per Latest IS]
    A --> E[Rounding per IS 2:1960]
    A --> F[International Coordination]

IS 1566: Definitions & Key Specifications

1. Definitions (Clause 2.0)

• The standard defines terms related to hard-drawn steel wire fabric for concrete reinforcement.
• All physical requirements are specified using SI units (Clause 0:3).
• Compliance values are rounded as per IS 2-1960, maintaining the same significant figures as specified (Clause 0.5).

2. Key Table: Mesh Sizes, Wire Diameters & Nominal Mass (Clause 12.2.2, Appendix A)

Notes:

• Mesh Size = nominal pitch (center-to-center spacing) of wires.
• Wire Diameter applies to wires in both directions.
• Nominal Mass per m² helps estimate weight for handling and design.

Additional:

• Use this table for selecting wire fabric based on structural and handling requirements.
• Ensure all tests and calculations follow rounding rules in IS 2-1960.

flowchart LR
    A[Steel Wire Fabric] --> B[Mesh Size (Pitch)]
    A --> C[Wire Diameter]
    A --> D[Nominal Mass per m²]
    B --> E{Select based on spacing}
    C --> F{Select based on strength}
    D --> G{Calculate weight for design}

This summary aids quick understanding of definitions and specifications in IS 1566.

IS 1566: Types and Designation of Fabric - Key Points

1. Designation of Fabric (Clause 3.2)

• Fabric is designated by:
  • The standard number (IS 1566)
  • Reference number from Appendix A (first column)
  • Or a full description of the fabric
• Example: Hard-drawn steel wire fabric to IS 1566, reference no. 5, 50 sheets, 5 m x 2 m
• Dimension notation: First dimension = length of main wires

2. Tolerance on Mass of Fabric (Clause 9.4)

3. Tolerance on Size of Sheet (Clause 9.3)

4. Quality of Steel (Clause 4.1)

• Wire must be hard-drawn steel per IS 432 (Part II)-1982
• Suitable for welding
• Certificates to be supplied on request

graph LR
A[Fabric Designation] --> B[IS 1566 + Reference No.]
A --> C[Full Description]
B --> D[Sheet Size: Length of main wires first]
E[Tolerance on Mass] --> F[±12% if no max/min]
E --> G[-12% if max]
E --> H[+12%/-0% if min]
I[Tolerance on Size] --> J[≤5mm: ±25mm]
I --> K[>5mm: ±0.5%]
L[Steel Quality] --> M[Hard-drawn steel per IS 432]
L --> N[Suitable for welding]

This summary covers key formulas, tables, and specifications for fabric types and designation as per IS 1566.

IS 1566: Materials - Hard-Drawn Steel Wire Fabric for Concrete Reinforcement

Key Specifications & Tables

• Units: SI units adopted.
• Material: Hard-drawn steel wire fabric (square and oblong mesh).
• Wire Diameter & Mesh Size: Defined by nominal pitch (mesh size) and wire diameter each way.
• Nominal Mass per m²: Provided for various mesh sizes and wire diameters.

Important Table Extract (Square Mesh Examples)

(Refer to Appendix A for full detailed tables.)

Tolerance on Mass (Clause 9.4)

• If no max/min stated: ± unspecified tolerance.
• If max mass specified: -12% tolerance.
• If min mass specified: +12% / 0% tolerance.

Mechanical Properties (Clause 10)

• Refer to IS 1566 for tensile strength, elongation (except elongation clause amended), and other mechanical requirements.

Formula for Approximate Mass of Wire Fabric:

[ \text{Mass per m}^2 = \frac{\pi}{4} \times d^2 \times \frac{2}{s} \times \rho ]

Where:

• ( d ) = wire diameter (m)
• ( s ) = mesh size (m)
• ( \rho ) = density of steel (~7850 kg/m³)

This standard ensures uniformity in steel wire fabric properties for concrete reinforcement. Always consult the full IS 1566 document for exact specifications.

IS 1566: Manufacturing Requirements - Key Points

1. Units & Testing

• Uses SI units for all physical requirements.
• Updated as per latest Indian Standards for steel testing methods.

2. Tolerances on Size of Sheet (Clause 9.3)

3. Tolerances on Mass of Fabric (Clause 9.4)

4. Mechanical Testing (Clause 12.4.2)

• Supplier must provide labor and equipment for testing.
• If not available onsite, supplier pays for external lab testing.

This ensures dimensional accuracy and quality control during manufacturing and supply of steel fabric as per IS 1566.

IS 1566: Dimensions and Tolerances for Wire Fabric

Key Tolerances:

Additional Notes:

• Wire diameter tolerance follows IS 432 (Part II)-1982.
• Dimensions and tolerances are in SI units.
• Mass tolerance ensures quality control on fabric weight.

Summary Diagram:

flowchart TD
    A[Specified Dimension] --> B{Dimension ≤ 5 mm?}
    B -- Yes --> C[Tolerance ± 2.5 mm]
    B -- No --> D[Tolerance ± 0.5% of dimension]
    E[Specified Mass] --> F{Mass Specified?}
    F -- No --> G[Tolerance ± 12%]
    F -- Max --> H[Tolerance -12% only]
    F -- Min --> I[Tolerance +12% only]

This ensures fabric meets dimensional accuracy and mass consistency per IS 1566.

IS 1566: Mechanical Properties of Hard-Drawn Steel Wire Fabric

Key Specifications:

• Mechanical properties follow SI units.
• Latest Indian Standards on steel physical & chemical tests apply.
• Mass tolerance (Clause 9.4):
  • ±12% if mass not max/min specified.
  • -12% if max specified.
  • +12%/-0% if min specified.

Important Table: Dimensions & Nominal Mass per m² (Appendix A)

(Refer to IS 1566 Appendix A for full detailed tables)

Mechanical Properties (Typical for Hard-Drawn Steel Wire):

• Tensile Strength: 1100 - 1300 MPa (approx.)
• Elongation: Usually low due to hard-drawn nature; specific values per test.
• Yield Strength: Not always specified; tensile strength is critical.

Formula for Nominal Mass per m² (approximate):

[ \text{Mass per m}^2 = \frac{\pi}{4} \times d^2 \times \frac{2}{s} \times \rho ]

• (d) = wire diameter (m)
• (s) = mesh size (m)
• (\rho) = density of steel ≈ 7850 kg/m³
• Factor 2 because wires

IS 1566: Welding and Joints Key Points

• Welding Type:
  Butt joints in wires must be electrically welded and staggered (Clause 5.1.1).

• Test Pieces for Weld Quality:
  Tensile test pieces must contain one or more cross welds to ensure weld integrity (Clause 11.1.2).

• Shear Strength of Welds:
  Welded intersections should withstand a shear load ≥ 1/4 of the tensile load required to develop the proof stress of the smaller wire (Clause 12.2.2).

Important Formula for Weld Shear Strength

[ V_{weld} \geq \frac{1}{4} \times P_{proof} ]

Where:

• (V_{weld}) = Shear strength of weld
• (P_{proof}) = Load to develop proof stress in tension of smaller wire

Mesh and Wire Sizes

Refer to Appendix A of IS 1566 for standard mesh sizes, wire diameters, and weights for square and oblong welded wire fabric.

Summary Diagram: Welded Wire Fabric Joint

graph LR
A[Wire 1] -- Electrical Weld --> B[Welded Joint]
C[Wire 2] -- Electrical Weld --> B
B -- Shear Strength ≥ 1/4 Proof Load --> D[Quality Weld]

Note: Always confirm mesh sizes and wire diameters as per purchaser-manufacturer agreement or IS 1566 Appendix A.

IS 1566: Inspection and Testing - Key Points

1. Tensile Test (Clause 11.4)

• If the test piece breaks outside the middle half of the gauge length, the test can be discarded.
• A new test piece from the same wire length may be tested.
• If any initial test piece fails:
  • Take two additional test pieces.
  • If both pass, accept the material.
  • If either fails, reject the material.

2. Testing Methods

• Tensile Testing and Reverse Bend Testing are mandatory.
• Tests must follow the procedures specified in IS 1566 and related IS standards.

3. General Testing Requirements (Clause 12.1)

• Inspection and testing conform to IS 1387-1959 unless otherwise specified.
• Use SI units for all physical requirements.

4. Defects After Delivery (Clause 12.6)

• Material found defective after delivery is non-compliant, regardless of prior acceptance, unless improperly treated.

Summary Table: Tensile Test Acceptance Criteria

flowchart TD
    A[Test Piece Break Location?] -->|Middle half| B[Evaluate Tensile Test Result]
    A -->|Outside middle half| C[Discard & Retest]
    B -->|Pass| D[Accept Material]
    B -->|Fail| E[Test 2 Additional Pieces]
    E -->|Both Pass| D
    E -->|Either Fail| F[Reject Material]

For detailed procedures, refer to IS 1566 clauses 11.4, 12.1, and 12.6.

IS 1566: Sampling and Test Methods - Key Points

• Rounding off results (Clause 0.5):
  Test results must be rounded as per IS 2-1960. The number of significant digits in the rounded value should match the specified value in IS 1566.

• Units (Clause 0.3):
  All physical requirements use SI units.

• Testing facilities (Clause 12.4.2):
  Supplier must provide labor and appliances for testing at their premises or bear costs if testing is done externally.

• Re-tests (Clause 11.4):

  • If tensile test breaks outside the middle half of gauge length, test can be discarded and repeated.
  • If initial test fails, two additional samples are tested.
  • Acceptance if both pass; rejection if either fails.

Summary Table: Re-test Acceptance Criteria

Important Formula: Tensile Test Result Rounding

If specified value = X.YZ
Then test result = round to same decimal places as X.YZ

flowchart TD
    A[Start Test] --> B{Break location}
    B -->|Middle half| C[Evaluate test result]
    B -->|Outside middle half| D[Discard & retest]
    C --> E{Pass?}
    E -->|Yes| F[Accept material]
    E -->|No| G[Test 2 additional samples]
    G --> H{Both pass?}
    H -->|Yes| F
    H -->|No| I[Reject material]

This ensures reliable quality control per IS 1566.

IS 1566: Marking and Identification Key Points

Marking (Clause 13.2)

• Every bundle of hard-drawn steel wire fabric must have a metal tag securely fastened.
• The tag should bear a suitable identification mark for traceability.

Identification of Test Specimens (Clause 11.1.3)

• Manufacturers must ensure proper identification of material represented by test pieces.
• This helps in correlating test results with the actual material batch.

Defects After Delivery (Clause 12.6)

• Materials found non-compliant after delivery are considered not conforming to IS 1566.
• Previous acceptance is overridden unless improper treatment is proven.

Important Table: Dimensions & Properties of Hard-Drawn Steel Wire Fabric (Appendix A)

Refer to IS 1566 Appendix A for detailed mesh sizes, wire diameters, and nominal masses.

Summary:

• Mark bundles with metal tags for identification.
• Ensure test specimens are traceable to the material batch.
• Refer to the detailed table for mesh size, wire diameter, and mass per m².

flowchart TD
    A[Material Manufacture] --> B[Bundle Formation]
    B --> C[Attach Metal Tag]
    C --> D[Delivery]
    D --> E{Defects Found?}
    E -- Yes --> F[Material Rejected]
    E -- No --> G[Material Accepted]
    B --> H[Test Specimens Identified]
    H -->

IS 1566: Delivery, Inspection, and Testing Facilities - Key Points

1. Inspection & Testing Facilities (Clause 12.4 & 12.4.2)

• Purchaser Rights:
  • Free access to supplier’s works for inspection.
  • Test certificates must be provided showing compliance.
  • Inspection shall not interfere with normal production.
• Supplier Responsibilities:
  • Provide labor and appliances for testing at their premises.
  • If facilities are unavailable, bear cost of tests in purchaser’s selected lab.

2. Re-tests (Clause 11.4)

• If tensile test breaks outside middle half of gauge length → discard and retest from same wire length.
• If test pieces fail:
  • Take 2 additional test pieces per failure.
  • If both pass → accept material.
  • If either fails → reject material.

3. Defects After Delivery (Clause 12.6)

• Material found non-compliant after delivery is rejected, despite prior acceptance, unless improperly treated.

Summary Table for Re-tests

flowchart TD
    A[Test Piece Breaks] -->|Outside middle half| B[Discard & Retest]
    A -->|Within middle half| C[Evaluate Test Result]
    C -->|Pass| D[Accept Material]
    C -->|Fail| E[Take 2 Additional Samples]
    E -->|Both Pass| D
    E -->|Any Fail| F[Reject Material]

This ensures quality control during delivery and testing per IS 1566 standards.

IS 1566: Traceability and Certification Key Points

• Traceability (Clause 13.1 & 11.1.3):

  • All ingots, billets, wires, or fabric bundles must be marked to trace finished products back to their original cast.
  • Manufacturers must maintain identification of test specimens linked to their material source for quality assurance.
  • The purchaser or authorized representative should have full access for verification.

• Certification (Clause 12.2.1):

  • Upon purchaser's request, the manufacturer must provide a certificate of conformity confirming the welded wire mesh meets all IS 1566 requirements.

Summary Table: Traceability & Certification Requirements

Practical Note:

• Traceability ensures quality control and accountability from raw material to final product.
• Certification provides buyer confidence and compliance assurance.

flowchart LR
    A[Raw Materials: Ingots, Billets] --> B[Marking & Identification]
    B --> C[Finished Wires/Fabric]
    C --> D[Test Specimens Linked]
    D --> E[Quality Testing]
    E --> F[Certificate of Conformity (if requested)]
    F --> G[Purchaser Verification]