Maintenance of Fire Hose - Code of Practice

IS 14851: Scope - Key Points & Specifications

Scope:
IS 14851 covers specifications for fire fighting hoses, referencing related IS standards for different hose types:

Performance Parameters (Clause 4.1.2.1)

• Proof Pressure: Minimum 21 kgf/cm² (same as Type A hoses)
• Abrasion Resistance: Twice that of Type A hoses
• Heat Resistance: 1.5 times that of Type A hoses
• Recommended Use: Severe conditions like refineries, chemical plants, high-rise buildings

Inspection & Records (Clause 7.2)

• Each hose length is assigned an identification number for tracking.
• Records include inventory, usage, service tests, repairs, and reasons for condemnation.
• Helps evaluate cost-effectiveness and service life.

Summary Table: Hose Quality Comparison

If you need formulas or detailed test methods, these are typically found in referenced IS codes (IS 636, IS 4927, IS 8423).

flowchart LR
    A[IS 14851 Scope] --> B[References IS 636, 4927, 8423]
    A --> C[Performance Parameters]
    C --> D[Proof Pressure: 21 kgf/cm²]
    C --> E[Abrasion Resistance: 2x Type A]
    C --> F[Heat Resistance: 1.5x Type A]
    A --> G[Inspection & Records]
    G --> H[ID Number for each hose]
    G --> I[Complete usage & service history]

For detailed design or testing, refer to the specific IS standards mentioned.

IS 14851 References - Key Points & Tables

Referenced Indian Standards:

Inspection Records (Clause 7.2)

• Each hose length must have an identification number for tracking service life.
• Records include:
  • Hose inventory
  • Usage by firefighting units
  • Service tests and repairs
  • Reasons for condemnation/removal
• Ensures cost-effectiveness and maintenance planning.

Additional Notes

• BIS copyrights all publications; permission needed for reproduction.
• Standards are periodically reviewed and updated.
• Coordination with international standards like ASTM C 39-86 for concrete compressive strength testing is acknowledged.

For detailed specs, refer to the respective IS codes listed above.

flowchart LR
    A[Hose Delivery] --> B[Assign ID Number]
    B --> C[Record Usage & Tests]
    C --> D{Condition}
    D -->|Good| E[Continue Service]
    D -->|Fail| F[Condemn & Remove]
    F --> G[Update Records]

Contact BIS Offices for latest editions and clarifications.

IS 14851: General Requirements - Key Specifications & Performance Parameters

• Proof Pressure: Minimum proof pressure = 21 kgf/cm² (same as Type A quality).

• Abrasion Resistance: Durability factor is 2× that of Type A quality.

• Heat Resistance: Reliability factor is 1.5× (half times more) than Type A quality.

• Recommended Use: Suitable for severe conditions such as:

  • Refineries
  • Chemical Plants
  • High-rise buildings in metropolitan cities

Relevant Standards Referenced:

Notes:

• The standard aligns with ASTM C 39-86 for compressive strength testing of cylindrical concrete specimens.
• Emphasis on international coordination ensures compatibility with global practices.

flowchart LR
    A[Type A Quality] -->|Proof Pressure = 21 kgf/cm²| B[Specified Quality]
    B -->|Abrasion Resistance = 2× Type A| C[Durability]
    B -->|Heat Resistance = 1.5× Type A| D[Reliability]
    B --> E[Applications]
    E --> F[Refineries]
    E --> G[Chemical Plants]
    E --> H[High-rise Buildings]

This summary aids in quick understanding of general requirements and performance metrics for fire fighting hoses under IS 14851.

IS 14851 references key standards for fire hose types and specifications:

Types of Fire Hose (per referenced IS codes)

Key Specifications:

• Pressure Rating: Must withstand substantial pressure (typically 8-20 bar depending on hose type).
• Flexibility: Hose should be easy to handle and deploy.
• Durability: Resistant to abrasion, weather, and chemicals.

Selection Criteria:

• Match hose type to intended use (e.g., non-percolating for high-pressure water delivery).
• Ensure proper handling and maintenance to maximize service life.

Maintenance Guidelines (Summary):

• Regular inspection for leaks, wear, and damage.
• Cleaning and drying after use.
• Proper storage to avoid kinks and deterioration.

Typical Fire Hose Pressure Formula:

[ P = \frac{4Q^2}{\pi^2 d^4 C_d^2} ] Where:

• (P) = pressure loss (Pa)
• (Q) = flow rate (m³/s)
• (d) = hose diameter (m)
• (C_d) = discharge coefficient (dimensionless)

flowchart LR
    WaterSupply --> FireHose[Fire Hose]
    FireHose --> Nozzle[Nozzle]
    Nozzle --> Fire[Fire Stream]
    FireHose -.-> Maintenance[Maintenance & Inspection]
    FireHose -.-> Handling[Proper Handling]

Summary: Use IS 636, 4927, and 8423 for selecting hose type based on application, ensure pressure compatibility, and maintain hoses per IS guidelines for reliability and safety.

IS 14851: Handling of Fire Hose - Key Points

Though Clause 5 on "Handling of Hose at Fire" lacks detailed formulas, the code emphasizes:

• Proof Pressure: Minimum proof pressure for controlled percolation hoses is 21 kgf/cm² (Clause 4.2.2.1).
• Service Testing: Regular service tests on each hose length to ensure integrity.
• Controlled Percolation: Inner jacket coating develops holes under pressure to allow controlled water seepage, preventing hose bursting.

Related IS Standards for Fire Hose Handling & Maintenance

Practical Handling Tips (Based on Standards & Best Practices)

• Avoid kinking or sharp bends to maintain hose integrity.
• Store hoses dry and away from direct sunlight.
• Perform periodic pressure tests at or above 21 kgf/cm².
• Inspect for wear, damage, and controlled percolation holes regularly.

flowchart LR
    A[Fire Hose] --> B{Pressure Applied}
    B -->|< 21 kgf/cm²| C[No Percolation]
    B -->|≥ 21 kgf/cm²| D[Controlled Percolation via Inner Coating Holes]
    D --> E[Prevents Hose Bursting]

For detailed handling and maintenance, refer to IS 636, IS 4927, IS 8423, and the Fire Hose Maintenance Code of Practice.

IS 14851: Maintenance of Fire Hose After Fires – Key Points

1. Importance of Maintenance

• Fire hoses must be rugged, flexible, and reliable to carry water under high pressure.
• Proper maintenance ensures maximum useful life and prevents failure during fire-fighting.

2. Key Maintenance Guidelines (Clause 6)

• After use in fires, hoses should be:
  • Thoroughly cleaned to remove soot, chemicals, and debris.
  • Dried completely before storage to prevent mildew and deterioration.
  • Inspected for damage such as cuts, abrasions, or weakened fabric.
  • Tested periodically under pressure to check for leaks or weaknesses.

3. Pressure Protection (Clause 5.3)

• Use relief valves/pressure governors on discharge side of pumps.
• For relay pumping, install a relay relief valve at the inlet of receiving pump to:
  • Prevent pressure surges.
  • Protect hoses and pumps from damage.
• Lower relief valve setting = greater protection.

Typical Pressure Test Formula for Hose:

[ P_{test} = 1.5 \times P_{working} ]

• (P_{test}): Test pressure (usually 1.5 times working pressure)
• (P_{working}): Maximum working pressure of the hose

Summary Table for Hose Maintenance

flowchart TD
    A[Fire Hose Used in Fire] --> B[Cleaning]
    B --> C[Drying]
    C --> D[Inspection]
    D --> E{Damage Found?}
    E -- Yes --> F[Repair or Replace]
    E -- No --> G[Pressure Testing]
    G --> H[Storage]

**Ensure adherence to IS 14851 for reliable hose performance and safety during

IS 14851 - Clause 7.2: Inspection and Record Keeping for Fire Hose

Key Points:

• Record Location: Records can be kept at hose location or centralized within the premises.
• Inventory: Fire Department must maintain a complete hose inventory with:
  • Identification number for each hose length.
  • History of use, service tests, repairs.
  • Reason for condemnation/removal.
• Purpose: Enables assessment of:
  • Cost-effectiveness of hose types/sizes.
  • Workload and service conditions.
  • Warranty failures must be clearly noted.

Recommended Record Details

Benefits of Record Keeping

• Facilitates asset management and maintenance planning.
• Helps in warranty claims and quality control.
• Supports budgeting and replacement decisions.

flowchart TD
    A[Hose Delivery & Acceptance] --> B[Assign Hose ID Number]
    B --> C[Record Location & Usage]
    C --> D[Service Tests & Repairs]
    D --> E{Hose Condition}
    E -- Good --> C
    E -- Failed --> F[Record Reason & Remove]
    F --> G[Analyze Data for Cost & Performance]

For detailed inspection procedures, refer also to IS 636, IS 4927, and IS 8423 as cited in IS 14851.

IS 14851: Service Testing and Repairs of Fire Hose — Key Points

1. Service Testing (Clause 7.1)

• Frequency: At least annually or after repairs/hard usage.
• Purpose: Verify hose integrity and performance.
• Procedure: Conduct pressure tests as per service schedule.

2. Record Keeping (Clause 7.2)

• Identification: Each hose length gets a unique ID upon delivery.
• Data to Record:
  • Hose inventory details.
  • Usage history by firefighting units.
  • Service test results.
  • Repairs and maintenance actions.
  • Reason for condemnation/removal.
• Location: Records can be kept at hose location or central premises.

3. Typical Service Test Pressure (General Practice)

Note: Confirm exact pressures from manufacturer or IS guidelines.

4. Repairs

• Should be followed by a service test.
• Only authorized procedures and materials should be used.

flowchart TD
    A[Hose Delivery] --> B[Assign ID]
    B --> C[Record Inventory]
    C --> D[Service Testing (Annual/After Repair)]
    D --> E{Pass Test?}
    E -- Yes --> F[Return to Service]
    E -- No --> G[Repair Hose]
    G --> D

Summary: Maintain accurate records, conduct annual or post-repair pressure tests, and ensure repairs are validated by testing to keep fire hoses reliable and safe.

IS 14851: Storage and Drying of Fire Hose - Key Points

Drying (Clause 6.2)

• Cleaning: Remove all grime and contaminants before drying.
• Drying Methods:
  • Hose Towers: Hang hoses vertically for natural drying.
  • Racks: Lay hoses flat on racks ensuring air circulation.
  • Drying Cabinets: Use sufficient cabinets to handle hose volume.
• Post-Drying: Roll hoses neatly and place on storage racks to prevent damage and deformation.

Exceptions (Clause 6.3)

• Covered Hoses (IS 636 Type B or Oil Resistant): Do not require drying due to protective covering.

Summary Table for Hose Drying & Storage

Best Practice Diagram

flowchart TD
    A[Remove Grime] --> B[Dry Hose]
    B -->|Hose Tower| C[Hang Vertically]
    B -->|Rack| D[Lay Flat]
    B -->|Drying Cabinet| E[Use Sufficient Cabinets]
    C --> F[Roll Hose]
    D --> F
    E --> F
    F --> G[Store on Racks]
    H[Covered Hose (IS 636 Type B)] --> I[No Drying Required]

Note: Always follow IS 14851 and IS 636 for specific hose types and maintenance procedures.

IS 14851 focuses on the Maintenance of Fire Hose but does not explicitly provide detailed formulas or tables for Safety Precautions. However, key safety recommendations and procedural specifications can be summarized as follows:

Key Safety Precautions & Recommendations (from IS 14851 and related IS codes)

• Identification & Record Keeping:

  • Each hose length is assigned an identification number upon delivery.
  • Maintain detailed records of hose location, usage, service tests, repairs, and reason for condemnation (Clause 7.2).
  • Records help assess cost-effectiveness and ensure timely replacement.

• Inspection & Maintenance:

  • Regular inspection for wear, damage, and leaks.
  • Hose should be stored properly on racks, reels, or enclosures to prevent damage.
  • Follow service test protocols as per IS 636, IS 4927, and IS 8423 for different hose types.

• Handling & Storage:

  • Avoid kinks, sharp bends, and exposure to chemicals or extreme temperatures.
  • Ensure hoses are dried after use to prevent mildew and deterioration.

Referenced IS Standards for Fire Hose Specifications:

Summary Table: Hose Maintenance Records (Clause 7.2)

flowchart LR
    A[Hose Delivery] --> B[Assign ID Number]
    B --> C[Record Location & Usage]
    C --> D[Regular Inspection]
    D --> E{Pass Inspection?}
    E -- Yes --> F[Continue Use]
    E -- No --> G[Repair or Remove]
    G --> H[Update Records