Code of practice for construction of walls using precast concrete stone masonry blocks

IS 14213: Scope Overview

• Purpose: Specifies requirements for building dimensions and related structural aspects.
• Rounding Off: Final test or analysis values must be rounded per IS 2:1960 rules, keeping the same significant figures as the specified value.
• Referenced Standards: Definitions and terms align with:
  • IS 1905:1987 (Masonry)
  • IS 2212:1991 (Brickwork)
  • IS 12440:1988 (Construction terminology)
• Annex B: Lists essential Indian Standards supplementary to IS 14213.
• Clause 5.1 - Building Dimensions: Specifies dimensional criteria for buildings under this code.

Key Points on Rounding (IS 2:1960)

If you need specific formulas or tables for building dimensions or structural design from IS 14213, please specify the sub-clause or topic.

IS 14213 — Key References and Specifications

• Rounding Off Values:
  Follow IS 2:1960 for rounding numerical results. Retain the same number of significant figures as specified in the standard.

• Relevant Indian Standards (Annex B):
  These are essential for compliance and include:

  • IS 1905:1987 — Definitions related to masonry
  • IS 2212:1991 — Code of practice for brick masonry
  • IS 12440:1988 — Methods of tests for masonry units
  • IS 436:1978 — Specifications for steel reinforcement used in masonry

• Reinforcement:
  Use reinforcing materials as per IS 436:1978.

Summary Table of Key IS Codes Referenced

flowchart LR
    A[IS 14213 Standard] --> B[IS 2:1960 (Rounding)]
    A --> C[IS 1905:1987 (Definitions)]
    A --> D[IS 2212:1991 (Brick Masonry)]
    A --> E[IS 12440:1988 (Test Methods)]
    A --> F[IS 436:1978 (Reinforcement)]

This ensures consistent interpretation and application of IS 14213 requirements.

IS 14213: Definitions - Key Points

• Definitions Reference:
  IS 14213 refers to definitions as per:

  • IS 1905: 1987 (Code of practice for structural use of unreinforced masonry)
  • IS 2212: 1991 (Code of practice for brickwork)
  • IS 12440: 1988 (Code of practice for stone masonry)

• Rounding Off Values:
  Follow IS 2:1960 for rounding numerical results:

  • Round off to the same number of significant figures as specified in the standard.
  • Ensures uniformity in reporting test or analysis results.

• Annex B:
  Lists necessary adjunct Indian Standards related to this code for cross-reference.

• Building Dimensions (Clause 5.1):
  Details on building dimensions are specified but require direct reference to the clause for exact values.

Summary Table: Rounding Off (IS 2:1960)

For detailed definitions, consult the referenced IS codes directly. This ensures compliance and clarity in structural design and testing.

IS 14213 - Materials and Components: Key Points

1. Reinforcement (Clause 4.3)

• Use reinforcing materials as per IS 436:1978.
• Typical reinforcement includes:
  • Mild steel bars
  • Tor steel bars
  • Cold twisted bars
• Properties such as yield strength, tensile strength, and ductility must comply with IS 436.

2. Relevant IS Codes for Definitions and Planning

• IS 1905:1987 – Definitions related to masonry.
• IS 2212:1991 – Code of practice for brickwork.
• IS 12440:1988 – Terminology for masonry.

3. Rounding Off (Planning Considerations)

• Follow IS 2:1960 for rounding numerical values.
• Retain significant figures equal to the specified values.

Summary Table: Reinforcement Properties (from IS 436)

flowchart TD
    A[Materials & Components] --> B[Reinforcement per IS 436]
    A --> C[Definitions per IS 1905, IS 2212, IS 12440]
    A --> D[Rounding off per IS 2]

Use IS 436 for reinforcement selection and ensure compliance with related IS standards for definitions and rounding.

IS 14213 — Planning Considerations (Clause 5)

While IS 14213 does not provide explicit formulas or detailed tables in Clause 5, key points for Planning Considerations include:

1. Building Dimensions (Clause 5.1)

• Dimensions must comply with the standard's requirements.
• Final values from tests or calculations should be rounded according to IS 2:1960.
• Rounding rules: Maintain the same number of significant digits as the specified value.

2. Reinforcement (Clause 4.3)

• Use reinforcing materials as per IS 436:1978 (Mild steel bars).
• Follow standard reinforcement detailing and placement.

3. Reference Standards

• Definitions and terms align with:
  • IS 1905:1987 (Masonry structures)
  • IS 2212:1991 (Code of practice for brickwork)
  • IS 12440:1988 (Construction and maintenance of masonry)

Additional Notes:

• Planning involves ensuring dimensions, materials, and reinforcement comply with relevant IS codes.
• For reinforcement, typical bar sizes and spacing follow IS 436 guidelines.
• Rounding off results ensures consistency and accuracy in design verification.

Summary Table: Rounding Off (IS 2:1960)

If you need specific formulas for reinforcement or masonry design, please specify!

IS 14213: Storage and Handling of Materials — Key Points

Cement Storage (Clause 6.2)

• Store cement bags above ground in dry, watertight sheds.
• Maximum stacking height: 8 bags.
• Stack to allow FIFO (First In, First Out) usage.

Reinforcement Materials (Clause 4.3)

• Use reinforcement as per IS 436:1978.
• Ensure proper handling to avoid damage or corrosion.

Foundation Footings (Clause 5.6)

• For precast concrete stone blocks, follow IS 1080:1986.
• Footing width should be in multiples of 10 cm.
• Apply same provisions as for brick or stone masonry foundations.

Additional Recommendations (from IS codes)

• Cement stacking area should be well-ventilated and moisture-free.
• Avoid direct contact of cement bags with the floor by using wooden pallets.
• Reinforcement bars should be stored off the ground and protected from rust.

Summary Table: Cement Bag Storage

flowchart LR
    A[Cement Delivery] --> B[Stack on Pallets]
    B --> C[Store in Dry Shed]
    C --> D[Stack Max 8 Bags High]
    D --> E[Use Bags in FIFO Order]

This ensures material quality and structural integrity during construction.

IS 14213 - Setting Out of Walls: Key Points

• Reference Standard: Setting out of walls is per IS 2212:1991.

Wall Junctions (Clause 10.6)

Pilasters (Clause 10.6.2)

• Pilasters of 30 cm or 40 cm width may be provided on 20 cm thick walls (Fig. 2A & 2B).

Practical Notes:

• Use alternate courses for vertical joints at T-junctions to ensure stability.
• Block size fractions (e.g., 2/3, 3/4) refer to the length of standard blocks cut accordingly.
• Pilasters increase wall stiffness and load-bearing capacity.

graph TD
    A[20 cm Wall] -->|T-junction| B[20 cm Wall]
    B -->|Vertical joint with 2/3 size blocks| C[Alternate courses]
    D[20 cm Wall] -->|Pilaster| E[30 cm or 40 cm Pilaster]
    F[20 cm Wall] -->|T-junction| G[10 cm Wall]
    G -->|Staggered joints with 1/3 & 2/3 size blocks| H[Alternate courses]

For detailed dimensions and layout, refer to IS 2212:1991 and figures in IS 14213.

Key Specifications & Formulas for Scaffolding as per IS 14213

1. Type of Scaffolding (Clause 8.1)

• Only double scaffolding is permitted.
• No holes shall be made in masonry for supporting scaffolding.

2. Design Loads (Clause 8.2)

• Scaffolding must withstand:
  • Dead loads (self-weight)
  • Live loads (workers, materials)
  • Impact loads (dynamic effects)
• Design must ensure worker safety and comply with relevant building safety regulations and local bye-laws.

3. Load Calculation Formula

• Total design load, ( P_{total} ) on scaffolding: [ P_{total} = P_{dead} + P_{live} + P_{impact} ]
• Typical live load for scaffolding = 2 kN/m² (varies as per local codes)
• Impact load factor: usually taken as 10-20% of live load.

4. Material & Reinforcement

• Use reinforcing materials as per IS 436:1978.
• Ensure proper bracing and ties for stability.

Summary Table for Scaffold Design Loads

Safety Notes

• Double scaffolding only.
• No masonry holes for support.
• Design for combined loads.
• Follow local safety codes strictly.

flowchart TD
    A[Scaffolding Design] --> B{Load Types}
    B --> C[Dead Load]
    B --> D[Live Load]
    B --> E[Impact Load]
    A --> F[Safety Compliance]
    A --> G[Double Scaffolding Only]
    A --> H[No Masonry Holes]

For detailed design, refer to IS 14213 Clause 8 and IS 436 for reinforcement guidelines.

IS 14213: Wetting of Blocks – Key Points & Specifications

• Wetting Requirement:
  Blocks are generally laid dry. Wetting is not necessary unless in dry, hot climates.

• Purpose of Wetting:
  Surface sprinkling reduces excessive suction of moisture from mortar, preventing rapid drying and ensuring proper bond.

• Mortar Consistency:
  Adjust mortar consistency to suit block suction, not vice versa.

• Moisture Penetration Resistance (Clause 5.4):

  • Blocks have moisture resistance comparable to bricks with ~12% water absorption.
  • To reduce rain penetration:
    • Fill joints with cement-sand mortar (min. 1:6 cement:sand ratio).
    • Plaster/render external face, especially in high rainfall areas.

• Laying Recommendations:
  Follow IS 2212:1991 for brickwork laying practices, except shape-specific brick provisions replaced by IS 14213 clauses 10.6 to 10.9.

Summary Table: Wetting & Mortar Guidelines

flowchart TD
    A[Block Laying] --> B{Climate Condition}
    B -->|Normal| C[Dry Blocks]
    B -->|Hot, Dry| D[Surface Wetting]
    C --> E[Adjust Mortar Consistency]
    D --> E
    E --> F[Fill Joints with 1:6 Cement-Sand Mortar]
    F --> G[Plaster/Render External Face (if high rainfall)]

This ensures optimal block performance and durability per IS 14213.

IS 14213 - Key Points on Laying of Blocks

1. Laying Procedure (Clause 10.6)

• Follow general recommendations similar to IS 2212:1991 for brickwork laying.
• Shape-specific brickwork provisions (cut bricks/closers) do not apply to blocks.
• Use block-specific recommendations from IS 14213 clauses 10.6 to 10.9.

2. Wetting of Blocks (Clause 9)

• Blocks should generally be dry when laid.
• Adjust mortar consistency to block suction, not vice versa.
• In hot, dry climates, sprinkle water lightly on block surfaces to reduce suction.

3. Scaffolding (Clause 8.2)

• Must withstand all dead, live, and impact loads.
• Ensure safety per relevant building regulations and local bye-laws.

4. Foundation Footings (Clause 5.6)

• Refer IS 1080:1986 for design/construction of footings using precast concrete stone blocks.
• Footing width must be in multiples of 10 cm.

Summary Table: Block Laying Essentials

flowchart TD
    A[Blocks Delivered] --> B{Climate?}
    B -- Dry/Normal --> C[Lay Dry Blocks]
    B -- Hot/Dry --> D[Sprinkle Water on Blocks]
    C --> E[Adjust Mortar Consistency]
    D --> E
    E --> F[Laying of Blocks per IS 14213]
    F --> G[Scaffolding Safety Checks]
    G --> H[Foundation Footing per IS 1080]

For detailed mortar mix and laying thickness, refer to IS 2212 and IS 14213 clauses 10.6-10.9.

Key Measures to Prevent Cracking in Block Masonry (IS 14213)

1. Separation from Ceiling (Clause 11.6):

   • Partition walls must be separated from the ceiling by a layer of resilient material.
   • If not possible, form a cut between ceiling plaster and wall plaster to allow movement.

2. Mortar Strength (Clause 5.5.3):

   • Use mortar weaker than blocks to confine shrinkage cracks to joints.
   • This promotes many fine cracks instead of large cracks in blocks.

3. Reinforcement at Critical Points (Clause 5.5.3.1):

   • Embed metal reinforcements at openings or locations with abrupt section changes to control cracking.

4. Supervision and Inspection:

   • Follow inspection guidelines as per IS 2212:1991 for brickwork to ensure quality and detect defects early.

5. Protection Against Environmental Effects:

   • Guard against aggressive atmospheres, sulphate attack, sea water spray, and corrosion of reinforcement.

Summary Table for Crack Prevention

flowchart TD
    A[Block Masonry Wall] --> B[Partition Wall]
    B --> C[Resilient Layer at Ceiling]
    B --> D[Cut in Plaster if No Resilient Layer]
    B --> E[Embed Metal Reinforcement at Openings]
    B --> F[Use Weaker Mortar]
    B --> G[Regular Inspection per IS 2212]
    B --> H[Protect Against Environment]

References:

• IS 14213: Clause 11.6, 5.5.3, 5.5.3.1
• IS 2212:1991 for inspection and repair guidance

IS 14213: Finishing of Walls - Key Points

• Mortar Joints (Clause 10.9):

  • External face mortar joints should be finished with sunk-in pointing or any desirable finish.
  • Apply a sufficiently wide mortar layer to cover crevices between stone and concrete, finished flush with the wall surface.
  • Internal faces may be plastered as per IS 14213 Clause 5.4.1 (typically cement-sand plaster).

• Mixing & Transportation (Clause 6.4.2):

  • Mortar must be mixed and transported to avoid segregation and laitance formation, ensuring uniform consistency.

• Wall Thickness (Clause 5.4.2):

  • External walls: 15-20 cm minimum thickness.
  • Partition walls: minimum 10 cm thickness.
  • Cavity walls recommended to reduce moisture ingress.

• Setting Out (Clause 7):

  • Follow IS 2212:1991 for wall layout and alignment.

Typical Mortar Joint Finishing Steps:

flowchart TD
  A[Apply mortar to joints] --> B[Remove excess mortar]
  B --> C[Shape mortar with pointing tool]
  C --> D[Finish joint flush or sunk]
  D --> E[Allow to cure properly]

For detailed bonding and wall setting, refer to Fig. 1F in IS 14213 (bonding for 30 cm walls).

Summary Table: Wall Thickness

Use appropriate plastering and pointing techniques to ensure durability and aesthetics.

IS 14213: Committee Composition Summary

The technical committee for IS 14213 is the Housing Sectional Committee, CED 51. Its detailed composition is provided in Annex A of the standard.

Key Points on Committee Composition:

• Chairman: Dr. P. S. A. Sundaram (Ministry of Urban Development, New Delhi)
• Members: Representatives from diverse organizations including:
  • Municipal Corporations (Delhi, Calcutta)
  • Housing and Urban Development Corporation
  • Central Public Works Department
  • Maharashtra Housing and Area Development Authority
  • Delhi Development Authority
  • Central Building Research Institute
  • National Housing Bank
  • National Council for Cement and Building Materials
  • Structural Engineering Research Centre (CSIR)
  • Various academic institutions and private sector representatives

Panel for Modular Coordination and Prefabrication (CED 51: P 2)

• Convenor: Shri T. N. Gupta (Ministry of Urban Development)
• Members include representatives from National Housing Bank, Housing Corporations, Structural Engineering Research Centre, Central Building Research Institute, and others.

No specific formulas or tables are provided under "Committee Composition" in IS 14213.

Visual Summary (Mermaid.js Diagram)

graph TD
    A[Housing Sectional Committee CED 51] --> B[Chairman: Dr. P. S. A. Sundaram]
    A --> C[Members]
    C --> D[Municipal Corporations]
    C --> E[Housing & Urban Development Corp.]
    C --> F[Central Public Works Dept.]
    C --> G[Research Institutes & Academia]
    C --> H[Private Sector Representatives]
    A --> I[Panel for Modular Coordination & Prefabrication]
    I --> J[Convenor: Shri T. N. Gupta]
    I --> K[Members from Govt., Research & Industry]

For detailed membership, refer to Annex A of IS 14213.

IS 14213 references several key Indian Standards essential for masonry and related structural design:

Key Referenced Indian Standards in IS 14213:

• IS 1905 : 1987 — Code of Practice for Structural Use of Unreinforced Masonry
• IS 2212 : 1991 — Code of Practice for Brickwork
• IS 12440 : 1988 — Specification for Masonry Cement

Importance:

• These standards provide definitions, material specifications, and design guidelines complementary to IS 14213.
• They ensure uniformity and compatibility in masonry design and construction.

Typical Use:

• Use IS 1905 for structural design principles of masonry walls.
• Use IS 2212 for workmanship and construction practices.
• Use IS 12440 for cement quality in masonry mortar.

If you need formulas or tables, refer to these codes directly as IS 14213 delegates detailed design parameters to them.