Ceramic Tiles - Methods of the test, Part 7: Determination of chemical resistance - Unglazed tiles(see IS 13630: Parts 1 to 15)

IS 13630 Part 7: Scope Overview

• Scope Definition: IS 13630 Part 7 primarily covers specific provisions related to the design, testing, or analysis of structural elements (refer to the full standard for exact scope details).

• Rounding Off Rules:

  • Final calculated or observed values must be rounded as per IS 2:1960.
  • The number of significant digits in the rounded value must match those in the specified value.

• Referenced Standards:

  • This part derives guidance from related IS codes and standards (not explicitly listed here but essential for compliance).
  • IS 13630 (Part 7) : 2006 is a necessary adjunct for related structural design and testing procedures.

Key Specification Highlight:

Summary: The Scope clause sets the boundary for application and emphasizes strict adherence to rounding rules for consistency and accuracy in structural calculations. For detailed formulas or tables, refer to specific clauses within IS 13630 Part 7 or related parts.

IS 13630 Part 7 references other standards and provides rounding rules but does not contain direct formulas or tables.

Key points from the References section:

• Rounding off values: Follow IS 2:1960 for rounding numerical results.

  • Round to the same number of significant digits as the specified value.
  • Ensures consistency in test/analysis results.

• Balance accuracy: As per Clause 5.4, balances used must be accurate to 0.05 g for test specimens.

• Referenced standards: The document relies on other IS codes for detailed procedures and specifications, which must be consulted for comprehensive design or testing.

Practical Notes:

For formulas or design tables, refer to the specific IS codes cited within IS 13630 Part 7 or related parts.

flowchart LR
    A[IS 13630 Part 7] --> B[References other IS codes]
    A --> C[Rounding rules per IS 2:1960]
    A --> D[Balance accuracy 0.05 g]
    B --> E[Consult referenced IS for formulas/tables]

IS 13630 Part 7 references definitions primarily from ISO 13006:1998 for ceramic tiles, covering classification, characteristics, and marking.

Key Points on Definitions & Rounding (from IS 13630 Part 7):

• Definitions: Adopted from ISO 13006:1998, which includes:

  • Tile types (e.g., glazed, unglazed)
  • Classification by water absorption, size, and surface finish
  • Marking and identification norms

• Rounding Off Rules (per IS 2:1960):

  • Final test or calculation values must be rounded off according to IS 2.
  • The number of significant digits in the rounded value should match the standard’s specified value.

Example of Rounding Rule:

This ensures consistency in reporting test results.

For detailed classification and marking, refer directly to ISO 13006:1998. IS 13630 Part 7 uses these definitions as a basis without repeating them fully.

IS 13630 Part 7 — Aqueous Test Solutions (Clause 4)

Key Specifications for Aqueous Test Solutions:

4.1 Household Chemicals

• Ammonium Chloride Solution: 100 g/L concentration.
• Standard Cleaning Agent Solution Composition:
  • Sodium perborate: 7% (m/m)
  • Sodium silicate solution: 7% (m/m), density = 1.33 g/cm³
  • Commercial sodium oleate soap flakes: 30% (m/m)
  • Distilled or de-ionized water: 23% (m/m)
  • Total cleaning agent concentration: 33% (m/m)

4.3 Acid Solutions

• Sulphuric Acid Solution: 70% (v/v) prepared from concentrated acid (density = 1.84 g/cm³).
  Preparation: Add acid to water slowly with cooling and stirring.
• Lactic Acid Solution: 5% (v/v), commercially available.

Notes:

• Always add acid to water, never water to acid to prevent exothermic hazards.
• Concentrations are by weight/volume as specified.
• Use distilled or de-ionized water for solution preparation to avoid impurities.

flowchart LR
    A[Start] --> B[Add water to container]
    B --> C[Slowly add acid (H2SO4) to water]
    C --> D[Stir continuously & cool]
    D --> E[Obtain 70% (v/v) Sulphuric Acid Solution]

This ensures safe and standardized preparation of test solutions per IS 13630 Part 7.

IS 13630 Part 7: Apparatus and Materials - Key Points

Apparatus Specifications (Clause 5)

• Balance: Accuracy of 0.05 g.
• Vessel: Must have a lid, made of borosilicate glass 3.3 (Type 1 as per IS 2303) or equivalent material.

Materials (Clause 4.1)

• Household Chemicals:
  • Ammonium Chloride Solution: 100 g/l concentration.
  • Standard Cleaning Agent Solution: Prepared from:
    • 33% (m/m) Sodium perborate
    • 7% (m/m) other components (not fully specified here).

Rounding Off (Clause 6)

• Follow IS 2:1960 for rounding numerical results.
• Retain the same number of significant figures as specified in the standard.

Summary Table

flowchart TD
    A[Apparatus & Materials] --> B[Balance: 0.05 g accuracy]
    A --> C[Vessel: Borosilicate glass 3.3]
    A --> D[Household Chemicals]
    D --> E[Ammonium Chloride 100 g/l]
    D --> F[Cleaning Agent: 33% Sodium perborate]

This ensures precise measurement and standardization of test conditions per IS 13630 Part 7.

IS 13630 Part 7: Test Specimens Key Specifications

• Specimen Size (Clause 6.2):

  • Square specimen of 50 mm × 50 mm.
  • One side must be an original (non-cut) tile edge.

• Specimen Preparation (Clause 6.3):

  • Clean surface thoroughly with a solvent like methanol.
  • Exclude specimens with surface defects.

• Immersion Details (Clause 7.2):

  • Immerse specimens vertically to a depth of 25 mm in the test solution.
  • The non-cut side must be fully immersed.
  • Maintain conditions for 28 days at 27 ± 2ºC.

• Balance Accuracy (Clause 5.4):

  • Use a balance accurate to 0.05 g for weighing specimens.

Summary Table

flowchart TD
    A[Tile] --> B[Cut 50x50 mm specimen]
    B --> C{One side original edge?}
    C -- Yes --> D[Clean surface with methanol]
    C -- No --> E[Discard specimen]
    D --> F[Immerse vertically 25 mm depth]
    F --> G[Maintain 28 days at 27 ± 2ºC]
    G --> H[Weigh with 0.05 g accuracy balance]

This ensures consistent and reliable test specimens for durability and chemical resistance tests per IS 13630 Part 7.

IS 13630 Part 7: Procedure - Key Points

• Balance Accuracy (Clause 5.4): Use a balance accurate to 0.05 g for weighing test specimens and materials.

• Rounding Off (IS 2:1960): Final test or analysis results must be rounded off according to IS 2:1960 rules, maintaining the same number of significant figures as specified in the standard.

• Test Specimens: While Clause 6 lacks specifics here, ensure specimens comply with related standards referenced for material and dimensional requirements.

Important Notes:

• No explicit formulas or tables are provided in this part for the procedure.
• Follow the precision and rounding guidelines strictly to ensure test result validity.
• Refer to related standards for detailed specimen preparation and testing methods.

flowchart TD
    A[Start Test Procedure] --> B[Weigh Specimen on Balance (±0.05 g)]
    B --> C[Conduct Test/Analysis]
    C --> D[Calculate Result]
    D --> E[Round Off Result as per IS 2:1960]
    E --> F[Compare with Specified Values]
    F --> G{Complies?}
    G -->|Yes| H[Accept Result]
    G -->|No| I[Retest or Reject]

This ensures accuracy and consistency in test procedures per IS 13630 Part 7.

IS 13630 Part 7: Observation and Reporting - Key Points

Rounding Off (IS 2:1960)

• Final test values (observed/calculated) must be rounded off.
• Number of significant figures retained = same as specified in the standard.

Balance Accuracy

• Weighing balance accuracy: ±0.05 g (Clause 5.4).

Visual Examination Procedure (Clause 7.4)

• Examine test specimens with naked eye and spectacles if normally worn.
• Inspect:
  • Proper surface
  • Non-cut edges
  • Cut edges (immersed parts)

Test Report Must Include:

Summary Diagram of Observation & Reporting Flow

flowchart TD
    A[Test Specimen Preparation] --> B[Visual Examination]
    B --> C{Surface Type}
    C -->|Proper Surface| D[Record Visual Changes]
    C -->|Non-cut Edges| E[Record Visual Changes]
    C -->|Cut Edges| F[Record Visual Changes]
    D & E & F --> G[Compile Test Report]
    G --> H[Include Description, Solutions, Numbers, Damage]

Note: Follow IS 2:1960 for rounding and maintain balance accuracy of 0.05 g for weighing. Visual inspection is critical and must be documented precisely for compliance.

IS 13630 Part 7 — Test Report Key Points

Test Report Content (Clause 7.4)

The test report must include:

• a) Description of the tile
• b) Test solution(s) used
• c) Number of test specimens
• d) Number of specimens damaged by each test solution
• e) Visual changes on the proper surface
• f) Visual changes on the non-cut edges
• g) Visual changes on the cut edges

Measurement & Rounding (Clause 6)

• Use a balance accurate to 0.05 g (Clause 5.4) for weighing specimens.
• Final test values must be rounded off as per IS 2:1960 rules.
• Retain the same number of significant places as specified in the standard.

Summary Table for Test Report Elements

Visual Examination Procedure (Clause 7.4)

• Examine tile surface and edges visually for changes after immersion in test solutions.
• Use spectacles normally worn for inspection.

flowchart TD
    A[Test Specimens] --> B[Weigh (±0.05g)]
    B --> C[Immerse in Test Solutions]
    C --> D[Visual Inspection]
    D --> E[Record Visual Changes]
    E --> F[Prepare Test Report]
    F --> G{Include}
    G -->|Tile Description| H[a)]
    G -->|Test Solutions| I[b)]
    G -->|Specimen Count| J[c), d)]
    G -->|Visual Changes| K[e), f), g)]

This structure ensures compliance with IS 13630 Part 7 for test reporting.