Wood Products - Prelaminated Particle Boards -Specification

IS 12823 – Scope Summary & Key References

Scope (Clause 3.1):
This standard applies to Particle Laminated Boards (PLB) of nominal dimensions complying with IS 12823, defining terms per IS 707:1976 (Glossary for timber technology).

Key Specifications & References:

• Reference Standards (Annex A, Clause 2.1):
  IS 12823 refers to multiple Indian Standards for materials, testing, and terminology, including:

  IS No.	Title
  IS 707:1976	Glossary of timber terms
  IS 2380 (Parts 1-5):1977	Methods of test for wood particle boards
  IS 4905:1968, IS 12049:1987	Sampling, dimensions, tolerances for wood panels
  IS 3087:1985	Wood particle boards (medium density)

• Testing (Clause 11.1.1):
  Minimum three specimens required for testing to ensure reliability.

• Calibration:
  Sub-reference sheets must be calibrated per B-12 guidelines (not detailed here).

Practical Notes:

• The standard ensures uniformity in PLB dimensions, moisture content, mechanical properties (bending strength, tensile strength), and testing methods.
• For detailed formulas or mechanical property values, refer to IS 2380 parts and IS 3087.

flowchart TD
    A[IS 12823 Scope] --> B[Defines PLB dimensions & terms]
    A --> C[Refers IS 707 for terminology]
    A --> D[Testing per IS 2380 methods]
    A --> E[Sampling & tolerances per IS 4905, 12049]
    A --> F[Calibration of sub-reference sheets]

Summary: IS 12823 sets the framework for PLB specifications, referencing key IS codes for material properties, testing, and quality control.

IS 12823 - References Summary

The code references several Indian Standards (IS) related to materials, testing, and terminology for Particle Laminated Boards (PLB). Key points:

Referenced IS Standards (Annex A, Clause 2.1)

Specimen Preparation (Clause 2.1, B-2.1)

• Specimen size: 100 mm long × 50 mm wide cut from the sheet for testing.

Testing Requirements (Clause 11.1.1, B-11.1.1)

• Number of specimens: Three specimens tested per sheet.

Reference Sheet (Clause 3.1, B-3.1)

• Reference sheets must comply with the nominal specifications of PLB as per this standard.

Summary Diagram: Reference Workflow

flowchart TD
    A[PLB Sheet] --> B[Cut Specimens 100x50 mm]
    B --> C[Test 3 Spec

IS 12823 - Terminology (Clause 3.1)

• Definitions in IS 12823 refer primarily to IS 707:1976 (Glossary of timber technology terms).
• The reference sheet is a Particle Laminated Board (PLB) complying with this standard's nominal specifications.

Key Points on Terminology:

Related IS Codes for Definitions & Testing:

Summary Diagram of Terminology Context

graph TD
    A[IS 12823 Terminology] --> B[Reference Sheet (PLB)]
    A --> C[Specimen Dimensions: 100x50 mm]
    A --> D[Definitions from IS 707:1976]
    A --> E[Related Test Methods (IS 2380)]
    E --> F[Moisture content, Density, Bending Strength]

This ensures consistent understanding of terms and specimen preparation for testing PLBs under IS 12823.

IS 12823 - Grades and Types of Prelaminated Particle Boards

Grades and Types (Clause 4.1, 4.2 & 4.3)

• Grades: Two grades are defined: Grade I and Grade II.
• Types: Each grade has three types based on surface abrasion resistance:
  • Type I
  • Type II
  • Type III

Surface Abrasion Characteristics

• Classified as per Item (vii) of Table 1 (not provided here but refers to abrasion resistance tests).

Designation Table (Clause 4.3)

Summary:

• Grade I boards have better quality parameters than Grade II.
• Type I boards have the highest abrasion resistance within each grade.
• The designation code PLB - XY where X = Grade (1 or 2), Y = Type (1, 2 or 3).

This classification helps in selecting boards based on surface durability requirements.

IS 12823: Particle Board Requirements Summary

1. Dimensions & Tolerances (Clause 8.1)

Note: Other dimensions may be agreed upon between manufacturer and purchaser.

2. Test Specimens & Sizes (Clause 9.2)

3. Specific Requirements (Clause 11.2)

• Must conform to ECO Mark requirements.
• Manufacturer must provide certification to BIS for ECO Mark application.

Additional Notes:

IS 12823: Surface Finish - Key Points & Formulas

Surface Finish Overview (Clause 7.1)

• Paper overlaid boards' finish depends on caul plate surface:
  • Glossy
  • Matt textured (soft, swede, wood pore, leather)
• Foil finished boards inherit finish from original foil.

Abrasion Test Setup (Clause 8.4 & B-6)

• Specimen and reference piece clamped flat on turntable.
• Turntable speed: 60 to 65 rpm.
• Two vertical test wheels exert 500 g force each on specimen.
• Wheels contact specimen at equal distance from center but not diametrically opposite.
• Abrasion continues until about half of printed pattern or decorative color is erased.

Wear Resistance Calculation (Clause 10.1.4)

[ \text{Wear resistance of plain colour test} = (N-1)R + \left(\frac{R \times P}{S}\right) ]

Where:

• ( N ) = number of reference pieces (typically 2 or 3)
• ( R ) = wear resistance of reference sheet
• ( P ) = revolutions for plain colour specimen with ( N^{th} ) reference piece
• ( S ) = revolutions for ( N^{th} ) reference piece to its endpoint

Summary Table: Abrasion Test Parameters

flowchart LR
    A[Clamp Specimen & Reference] --> B[Lower Abrasive Wheels]
    B --> C[Rotate Turntable @ 60-65 rpm]
    C --> D[Apply 500 g Force per Wheel]
    D --> E[Note revolutions at half pattern/color erased]
    E --> F[Calculate Wear Resistance]

This concise summary covers essential specifications, test setup, and the key formula for surface finish abrasion resistance as per IS 12823.

IS 12823: Dimensions and Tolerances for Prelaminated Particle Boards

1. Standard Dimensions (Clause 8.1)

• Note: Other dimensions may be agreed upon between manufacturer and purchaser.
• Dimensions and tolerances shall conform to IS 12049:1987.

2. Tolerances on Nominal Sizes (Clause 8.2)

• Edge straightness and squareness tested as per Annex B of IS 12823.

3. Additional Notes

• Surface finish depends on caul plates or foil finish (Clause 7.1).
• Tolerances ensure fit and finish quality in applications.

flowchart TD
    A[Start: Select Board Size] --> B{Dimension Type}
    B --> |Length| C[Check Length: +6mm/-0]
    B --> |Width| D[Check Width: +3mm/-0]
    B --> |Thickness| E[Check Thickness: ±5%]
    C --> F[Check Edge Straightness & Squareness]
    D --> F
    E --> F
    F --> G[Conform to IS 12049:1987]
    G --> H[Approved Board]

IS 12823: Sampling and Test Specimens - Key Points

Specimen Quantity

• Three specimens shall be taken for each test (Clauses E-1.1, D-1.1, C-1.1).

Specimen Size

• For sheet testing (Clause 2.1: B-2.1):
  • Length = 100 mm
  • Width = 50 mm

Summary Table

Notes:

• Specimens must be cut from the reference sheet representing the material batch.
• Consistency in specimen size ensures reliable and comparable test results.

flowchart LR
    A[Reference Sheet] --> B[Cut 3 specimens]
    B --> C{Specimen Size}
    C -->|Length| D[100 mm]
    C -->|Width| E[50 mm]
    B --> F[Conduct Test on each specimen]

This ensures standardized sampling for mechanical or physical testing per IS 12823.

IS 12823: Physical & Mechanical Requirements Summary

Key Test Conditions:

• Specimen size: 100 mm × 100 mm × thickness (Clause 2.1)
• Water absorption & swelling tests: immersion at 27 ± 2°C for specified durations.
• Cyclic test: 72h water immersion, 24h air drying, 72h dry air at 70°C, repeated 3 times.
• Accelerated water resistance: boiling water for 2 hours, then cooled.

References:

• MOR & MOE per IS 2380 (Part 4) - 1977

IS 12823: Test Methods Key Points

Specimen Preparation (Clause 2.1 & B-4)

• Size: 100 mm length × 50 mm width from the sheet.
• Quantity: 3 specimens per test (Clause 11.1.1).

Physical & Mechanical Properties (Table 10.6, Clause 10.10)

Special Tests

• Cyclic Test: 3 cycles of 72h water immersion (27±2°C), 24h air drying (27±2°C), 72h air drying (70°C), then tensile strength test.
• Accelerated Water Resistance: Boil specimens for 2 hours, cool to 27±2°C, then test tensile strength perpendicular to surface.

Summary Formula for Modulus of Rupture (MOR)

[ MOR = \frac{3PL}{2bd^2} ]

Where:

• (P) = Load at failure (N)
• (L) = Span length (mm)
• (b) = Width of specimen (mm)
• (d) = Thickness of specimen (mm)

flowchart

IS 12823 - General Requirements (Clause 11.1 & Table 10.6 Highlights)

Key Physical & Mechanical Properties for Flat Pressed Three Layer, Multilayer, and Graded Boards:

Testing Notes:

• Cyclic Test: 3 cycles of 72h water immersion (27±2°C), 24h air drying (27±2°C), and 72h dry air (70°C).
• Accelerated Water Resistance: Boiling water immersion for 2 hours, cooled to 27±2°C, then tested.

Specimen Dimensions (Clause

IS 12823: Surface Abrasion Resistance Test — Key Points

Test Setup (Clause 8.4):

• Clamp test specimen & reference piece flat on turntable using hold-down nut & rimmed holder.
• Lower abrasive wheels onto specimen surface.
• Start abrading machine with air/suction.
• Record revolutions (to nearest 10) at which:
  • Half the printed pattern is erased (for printed designs).
  • Half the decorative colour is creased (for plain colours).

Calculation of Wear Resistance (Clause 10.1.4, Annex B)

[ \text{Wear Resistance} = (N - 1) \times R + \left(\frac{P}{S}\right) \times R ]

Where:

• N = Number of reference pieces (usually 2 or 3)
• R = Wear resistance of reference sheet
• P = Revolutions with Nth reference piece to endpoint for plain colour specimen
• S = Revolutions with Nth reference piece to its endpoint

Summary Table for Test Endpoints

Notes

• The test compares specimen wear to a reference sheet under identical abrasion conditions.
• Wear resistance is a relative measure, higher values indicate better abrasion resistance.

flowchart LR
    A[Clamp Specimen & Reference] --> B[Lower Abrasive Wheels]
    B --> C[Start Abrading Machine]
    C --> D[Count Revolutions to Endpoint]
    D --> E[Calculate Wear Resistance]

IS 12823 - Method of Test for Resistance to Steam (Clause 10.11 & Annex C)

Key Points:

• Purpose: Determine surface resistance of prelaminated particle board to steam at atmospheric pressure.
• Specimen Condition: No blistering, delamination, or surface finish change allowed; slight color change in dark colors/patterns is acceptable.

Test Procedure (Annex C):

1. Number of Test Pieces: As per Clause 10.10 (refer to Table 10.6 for specimen size and quantity).
2. Test Cycles:
   • Immerse specimens in water at 27 ± 2°C for 72 hours.
   • Dry in air at 27 ± 2°C for 24 hours.
   • Heat in dry air at 70°C for 72 hours.
   • Repeat the above cycle 3 times.
3. Post-Test: Check for surface defects and test tensile strength perpendicular to surface.

Relevant Properties (From Table 10.6):

Notes:

• Specimens must not show blistering or delamination after steam exposure.
• Slight color change in dark laminates is permissible.
• Tensile strength perpendicular to surface is tested after steam resistance cycles.

flowchart TD
    A[Start: Prepare Specimens] --> B[Immerse in water at 27±2°C for 72h]
    B --> C[Dry in air at 27±2°C for 24h]
    C --> D[Heat in dry air at 70°C for 72h]
    D --> E{Repeat 3 cycles?}
    E -- No --> F[Test tensile strength perpendicular to surface]
    E -- Yes --> B

IS 12823: Method of Test for Determining Cigarette Burn (Annex E)

• Sample Preparation: Use specimens as per Clause 3.1.

• Test Procedure (E-3.1):

  • Place a glowing cigarette horizontally on the specimen surface.
  • Maintain contact for 60 seconds precisely (use a stopwatch).
  • Remove the cigarette immediately after 60 s.
  • Clean the test area with water or a suitable solvent.
  • Observe for any blister formation or surface color change.

• Acceptance Criteria:

  • No visible mark or stain should remain after cleaning.
  • No blistering or discoloration should be observed on the specimen surface.

Summary Table

flowchart TD
    A[Prepare specimen] --> B[Place glowing cigarette horizontally]
    B --> C[Maintain contact for 60 seconds]
    C --> D[Remove cigarette]
    D --> E[Clean area with water/solvent]
    E --> F{Observe surface}
    F -->|No stain/blister| G[Pass]
    F -->|Stain or blister| H[Fail]

This test ensures the lamination surface's resistance to cigarette burns as per IS 12823 Annex E.

IS 12823 - Method of Test for Determining Resistance to Stain

Key Specifications (Clause 10.14 & Annex F):

• Test Specimens: Each staining material applied to two specimens at room temperature.
• Exposure: One specimen covered with glass; both stand for 24 hours.
• Cleaning: Wash with water + wetting agent, then denatured spirit (IS 324:1959).
• Drying: Allow specimens to dry fully.
• Examination: Place horizontally under white fluorescent light (800–1100 lumens/m²) for 1 hour.
• Viewing Angle: Approx. 90° to surface.
• Assessment: Check discoloration/staining on applied area.
• Removal Attempt: Light rubbing with mild domestic abrasive cleaner, dry, then re-examine.
• Pass Criteria: No permanent stain after cleaning.

Summary Table:

flowchart TD
    A[Apply staining agent] --> B{Cover one specimen with glass}
    B --> C[Stand for 24 hours]
    C --> D[Wash with water + wetting agent]
    D --> E[Wash with denatured spirit]
    E --> F[Dry specimens]
    F --> G[Expose to fluorescent light 1 hr]
    G --> H[Examine at 90° angle]
    H --> I{Stain/discoloration?}
    I -- Yes --> J[Rub with mild abrasive cleaner]
    J --> K[Dry and re-examine]
    I -- No --> L[Pass: No stain]
    K --> M{Stain remains?}
    M -- Yes --> N[Fail]
    M -- No --> L

This method ensures durable stain resistance of decorative laminates per IS