IS 126791989AI Search Enabled✦ AI Generated

By-product gypsum for use in plaster, blocks and boards

IS 12679:1989 specifies the requirements and testing methods for by-product gypsum used in the manufacture of plaster, blocks, and boards. It covers chemical composition limits, sampling procedures, packing, and marking requirements for phosphogypsum, fluorogypsum, and marine gypsum by-products. This standard is essential for manufacturers, quality controllers, and engineers involved in construction materials to ensure the safe and effective utilization of by-product gypsum in building applications.

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38Clauses Indexed
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1989Edition
Building Limes and Gypsum ProductsCategory
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What This Standard Covers

IS 12679:1989 specifies the requirements and testing methods for by-product gypsum used in the manufacture of plaster, blocks, and boards. It covers chemical composition limits, sampling procedures, packing, and marking requirements for phosphogypsum, fluorogypsum, and marine gypsum by-products. This standard is essential for manufacturers, quality controllers, and engineers involved in construction materials to ensure the safe and effective utilization of by-product gypsum in building applications.

Who Uses This Standard

  • Materials Engineers
  • Quality Control Inspectors
  • Construction Material Manufacturers
  • Civil Engineers
  • Environmental Engineers
  • Laboratory Technicians
  • Product Development Specialists

Key Topics Covered

Chemical composition limits of by-product gypsum
Types of by-product gypsum: phosphogypsum, fluorogypsum, marine gypsum
Sampling and testing procedures for conformity
Impurity thresholds and their effects on product quality
Packing and marking requirements for gypsum packages
Methods of chemical analysis referenced
Handling and processing of by-product gypsum
Quality control and inspection protocols
Environmental considerations for gypsum by-products
Use of standard marks and licensing by BIS
Lot size and sample selection criteria
pH and organic matter content specifications

Table of Contents

1Scope

IS 12679: Scope - Key Specifications & Tables

Scope:
IS 12679 covers By-Product Gypsum used in construction, specifying chemical requirements and testing methods to ensure quality.


Key Chemical Requirements (Clause 3.1, Table 1)

CharacteristicPhospho-GypsumFluoro-GypsumMarine GypsumTest Reference
P₂O₅, % by mass, Max0.40--IS 6361 : 1971
F, % by mass, Max0.401.0-IS 2411 : 1963
Na₂O, % by mass, Max0.10--IS 9497 : 1980
K₂O, % by mass, Max0.20--IS 9497 : 1980
Organic matter, % by mass, Max0.15--IS 2720 (Part 22):72
CaSO₄·2H₂O, % by mass, Min85.090.085.0IS 1288 : 1982
Cl as NaCl, % by mass, Max0.10-0.10IS 1288 : 1982
pH (10% aqueous suspension), Min5.05.06.0IS 5741 : 1970

Sampling (Clause 4.2, Table 2)

Lot Size (No. of Packages)No. of Packages to Sample
Up to 1003
101 to 1504
151 to 3005
301 to 5007
501 and above
2References

IS 12679 Key References and Specifications

1. Rounding Off (Clause None)

  • Follow IS 2:1960 for rounding numerical values.
  • Retain the same number of significant digits as the specified value.

2. Chemical Requirements for By-Product Gypsum (Clause 3.1, Table 1)

CharacteristicPhospho-gypsumFluoro-gypsumMarine gypsumTest Reference
P2O5, % mass, Max0.40--IS 6361:1971
F, % mass, Max0.401.0-IS 2411:1963
Na2O, % mass, Max0.10--IS 9497:1980
K2O, % mass, Max0.20--IS 9497:1980
Organic matter, % mass, Max0.15--IS 2720 (Part 22):1972
CaSO4·2H2O, % mass, Min85.090.0 (Note 2)85.0IS 1288:1982
Cl as NaCl, % mass, Max0.10-0.10IS 1288:1982
pH (10% aqueous suspension) Min5.05.06.0IS 5741:1970

Note: Impurities above limits require processing.


3. Sampling (Clause 4.2, Table 2)

Lot Size (No. of Packages)No. of Packages to Sample
Up to 1003
101 to 1504
151 to 3005
301 to 5007
501
3Chemical Requirements

IS 12679 - Chemical Requirements for By-Product Gypsum

Key Chemical Limits (Table 1, Clause 3.1)

CharacteristicPhospho-gypsumFluoro-gypsumMarine gypsumTest Method Reference
P₂O₅, % by mass, Max0.40--IS 6361 : 1971
F, % by mass, Max0.401.0-IS 2411 : 1963
Na₂O, % by mass, Max0.10--IS 9497 : 1980
K₂O, % by mass, Max0.20--IS 9497 : 1980
Organic matter, % by mass, Max0.15--IS 2720 (Part 22) : 1972
CaSO₄·2H₂O, % by mass, Min85.090.0 (Note 2)85.0IS 1288 : 1982
Cl as NaCl, % by mass, Max0.10-0.10IS 1288 : 1982
pH of 10% aqueous suspension, Min5.05.06.0IS 5741 : 1970

Important Notes:

  • If impurities exceed limits, gypsum must be processed to reduce them.
  • Tests are performed on composite samples from randomly selected packages (IS 4905 : 1968).
  • Sampling and testing procedures ensure representativeness and conformity.

Summary of Sampling (Clause 4):

  • Group packages from the same batch as a lot.
  • Select sample packages randomly per IS 4905.
  • Prepare composite sample by mixing equal quantities from each package.

This ensures by-product gypsum quality for safe and effective use in construction

4Sampling

IS 12679 - Sampling: Key Formulas, Tables, and Specifications

Sampling Size (Clause 4.2 & Table 2)

Lot Size (No. of Packages)No. of Packages to be Sampled
Up to 1003
101 to 1504
151 to 3005
301 to 5007
501 and above10
  • Sampling: Select packages at random from the lot.
  • Randomness Procedure: Follow IS 4905:1968 for random selection methods.

Important Notes:

  • Sampling ensures representativeness of the lot.
  • Final test results should be rounded off per IS 2:1960, retaining the same significant figures as specified values.
flowchart LR
    A[Start: Lot Size Known] --> B{Lot Size?}
    B -->|Up to 100| C[Select 3 Packages]
    B -->|101-150| D[Select 4 Packages]
    B -->|151-300| E[Select 5 Packages]
    B -->|301-500| F[Select 7 Packages]
    B -->|501+| G[Select 10 Packages]
    C & D & E & F & G --> H[Select Randomly per IS 4905]
    H --> I[Conduct Tests]
    I --> J[Round Results per IS 2]

This ensures statistically valid sampling and consistent test reporting.

5Packing and Marking

IS 12679: Packing and Marking - Key Points

Packing (Clause 5.1)

  • By-product gypsum shall be packed in bags or containers suitable for protection.
  • Each package must be legibly marked with:
    • Name of the material and manufacturer
    • Date of manufacture

Marking

  • Use of the Standard Mark is governed by BIS rules.
  • The Standard Mark assures compliance with BIS inspection, testing, and quality control.
  • Continuous conformity checks by BIS ensure product reliability.

Sampling (Clause 4.2, Table 2)

Lot Size (No. of Packages)No. of Packages to Sample
Up to 1003
101 to 1504
151 to 3005
301 to 5007
501 and above10

Summary Diagram: Packing & Marking Process

flowchart TD
    A[By-product Gypsum] --> B[Pack in Bags/Containers]
    B --> C[Mark Package]
    C --> D[Name & Manufacturer]
    C --> E[Date of Manufacture]
    C --> F[Standard Mark (BIS)]
    F --> G[Quality Assurance & Inspection]

This ensures traceability, quality, and compliance with IS 12679.

6Criteria for Conformity

IS 12679 - Criteria for Conformity (Clause 4.4)

  • All test results of the composite sample must meet the specified requirements in the standard for the product to be accepted.
  • Rounding off of test values must follow IS 2:1960 rules, retaining the same number of significant digits as the specified value.
  • Sampling:
    • A lot consists of all packages from the same batch.
    • Samples are randomly selected from the lot as per IS 4905:1968.
    • Number of packages sampled depends on lot size (see Table 2 in IS 12679).

Summary Table: Sampling Size (Indicative)

Lot Size (No. of Packages)Sample Size (No. of Packages)
Up to 505
51 to 1008
101 to 50013
Above 50020

Key Points:

  • Composite sample test results must satisfy all chemical and physical requirements (see Table 1, Clause 3.1).
  • Use IS 1288, IS 2411, IS 2720 (Part 22), IS 5741 for test methods.
  • Random sampling ensures unbiased conformity assessment.
flowchart TD
    A[Lot of Packages] --> B[Random Sampling per IS 4905]
    B --> C[Composite Sample]
    C --> D{Test Results}
    D -->|Meets Requirements| E[Conformity Confirmed]
    D -->|Fails Any Test| F[Non-Conformity]

This ensures quality control by statistically verifying compliance through representative sampling and standardized testing.

7Methods of Test

IS 12679 - Methods of Test: Key Formulas, Tables & Specifications

Rounding Off:

  • Final test values must be rounded per IS 2:1960 rules, maintaining the same significant figures as specified.

Sampling (Clause 4)

  • Lot: All packages from the same batch form a lot.
  • Sampling: Select samples randomly from the lot (see IS 4905:1968).
  • Sample size: Depends on lot size, per Table 2 (not fully provided).

Chemical Requirements & Test Methods (Table 1, Clause 3.1)

CharacteristicPhospho-GypsumFluoro-GypsumMarine GypsumTest Method Reference
P2O5, % by mass, Max0.40--IS 6361:1971
F, % by mass, Max0.401.0-IS 2411:1963
Na2O, % by mass, Max0.10--IS 9497:1980
K2O, % by mass, Max0.20--IS 9497:1980
Organic matter, % by mass, Max0.15--IS 2720 (Part 22):1972
CaSO4·2H2O, % by mass, Min85.090.085.0IS 1288:1982
Cl as NaCl, % by mass, Max0.10-0.10IS 1288:1982
pH (10% aqueous suspension), Min5.05.06.0IS 5741:1970

Notes:

  • If impurities exceed limits, gypsum must be processed to reduce them.
  • Refer to respective IS codes for detailed test procedures.

flowchart
8Notes and Annexures

IS 12679: Key Notes, Annexures, and Tables


1. Rounding Off (IS 2:1960)

  • Final test/analysis values must be rounded off per IS 2:1960.
  • Retain same significant figures as specified values.

2. Sampling Table (Clause 4.2)

Lot Size (No. of Packages)No. of Packages to Sample
Up to 1003
101 to 1504
151 to 3005
301 to 5007
501 and above10

3. Chemical Requirements of By-Product Gypsum (Clause 3.1)

CharacteristicPhospho-gypsumFluoro-gypsumMarine gypsumTest Reference
P₂O₅, % by mass, Max0.40--IS 6361 : 1971
F, % by mass, Max0.401.0-IS 2411 : 1963
Na₂O, % by mass, Max0.10--IS 9497 : 1980
K₂O, % by mass, Max0.20--IS 9497 : 1980
Organic matter, % by mass, Max0.15--IS 2720 (Part 22):1972
CaSO₄·2H₂O, % by mass, Min85.090.085.0IS 1288 : 1982
Cl as NaCl, % by mass, Max0.10-0.10IS 1288 : 1982
pH of 10% aqueous suspension, Min5.05

Popular Questions About IS 12679

?What are the maximum allowable impurities in by-product gypsum under IS 12679?

According to IS 12679:1989 Clause 3.1 Table 1, the maximum allowable impurities in by-product gypsum are:

ImpurityPhospho-GypsumFluoro-GypsumMarine Gypsum
P₂O₅ (%) max0.40--
F (%) max0.401.0-
Na₂O (%) max0.10--
K₂O (%) max0.20--
Organic matter (%) max0.15--
Cl as NaCl (%) max0.10-0.10
CaSO₄·2H₂O (%) min85.090.085.0
pH (10% suspension) min5.05.06.0

Note: If impurities exceed these limits, the gypsum must be processed to reduce impurities.

This ensures gypsum quality suitable for plaster, blocks, and boards manufacturing.

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?How should samples be selected and tested for conformity according to this standard?

According to IS 12679, sample selection and testing for conformity should follow these key steps:

  • Lot Definition: All products from the same batch form a lot (Clause 4.1.1).
  • Sample Selection:
    • Samples must be selected randomly from the lot (Clause 4.2.1).
    • Use the procedure in IS 4905:1968 to ensure randomness.
    • The number of packages to sample depends on lot size, as per Table 2 (Clause 4.2).
  • Testing:
    • Samples are tested separately from each lot.
    • All test results of the composite sample must meet the specified requirements for conformity (Clause 4.4).

Summary Table for Sample Size (Example):

Lot Size (Packages)Number of Packages to Sample
Up to 502
51 to 1003
Above 1005

(Refer to Table 2 of IS 12679 for exact values)

This ensures statistically valid, unbiased quality assessment of the lot.

?What packing and marking information is required on by-product gypsum packages?

According to IS 12679, Clause 5.1, by-product gypsum packages must be suitably packed and marked legibly with the following information:

  • Name of the material and manufacturer
  • Date of manufacture

This ensures traceability and quality assurance. Additionally, if the product carries the BIS Standard Mark, it confirms compliance with the standard under BIS supervision.

Summary of Packing & Marking Requirements:

Information to MarkDetails
Material NameBy-product gypsum
Manufacturer NameName of manufacturer
Date of ManufactureClear date on package

This marking helps in identification, quality control, and regulatory compliance during storage and transport.

?Which types of by-product gypsum are covered by this standard and how do their chemical requirements differ?

IS 12679 covers three types of by-product gypsum:

  1. Phospho-gypsum
  2. Fluoro-gypsum
  3. Marine gypsum

Chemical Requirements Differences (Table 1 Summary):

CharacteristicPhospho-gypsumFluoro-gypsumMarine gypsum
P2O5, % max0.40Not specifiedNot specified
F (Fluoride), % max0.401.0Not specified
Na2O, % max0.10Not specifiedNot specified
K2O, % max0.20Not specifiedNot specified
Organic matter, % max0.15Not specifiedNot specified
CaSO4·2H2O, % min85.090.085.0
Cl as NaCl, % max0.10Not specified0.10
pH (10% suspension), min5.05.06.0

Notes:

  • If impurities exceed limits, gypsum must be processed to meet these standards.
  • Methods of test are referenced from IS codes like IS 6361, IS 2411, IS 9497, IS 2720 (Part 22), IS 1288, and IS 5741.

Summary:

  • Phospho-gypsum has limits on phosphorus, fluoride, sodium, potassium, and organic matter.
  • Fluoro-gypsum allows higher fluoride content and higher minimum purity of CaSO4·2H2O.
  • Marine gypsum is characterized by chloride content and higher pH.

This ensures suitability for plaster, blocks, and boards production.

?What are the environmental considerations for using phosphogypsum as per IS 12679?

Environmental Considerations for Using Phosphogypsum as per IS 12679

  • Nature & Disposal Issue: Phosphogypsum is a by-product of wet-process phosphoric acid manufacturing and poses serious disposal challenges due to potential water pollution.
  • Pollution Risk: Discharging phosphogypsum on soil or in water bodies can contaminate water with organic/inorganic impurities, making it unfit for human, animal, and agricultural use.
  • Impurities: Contains phosphates, fluorides, alkalies, and organic matter that:
    • Affect water quality adversely.
    • Deteriorate setting and strength of plaster products.
  • Usage: Limited use in alkaline soil reclamation and ammonium sulphate fertilizer production.
  • Chemical Limits (Table 1, Clause 3.1):
    • P2O5 ≤ 0.40%
    • Fluoride (F) ≤ 0.40%
    • Organic matter ≤ 0.15%
    • CaSO4·2H2O ≥ 85%
    • pH ≥ 5.0 (10% aqueous suspension)
  • Recommendation: If impurities exceed limits, phosphogypsum must be processed before use to reduce harmful components.

Summary Table of Key Chemical Limits for Phosphogypsum

CharacteristicMax/Min Value
P2O50.40% max
Fluoride (F)0.40% max
Organic matter0.15% max
CaSO4·2H2O85.0% min
pH (10% suspension)5.0 min

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In essence, IS 12679 mandates strict chemical limits and processing to mitigate environmental hazards before phosphogypsum use.

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