Control of asbestos emission - Recommendations, Part 1: Mining of asbestos ore

IS 12082 (Part 1): 2006 — Scope Overview

• Scope: This part of IS 12082 specifies methods for determining airborne asbestos fibre concentration in workplaces, focusing on safety and health measures.

• Referenced Standards: It incorporates provisions from related IS codes:

  IS No.	Title
  11450	Method of determination of airborne asbestos fibre concentration by light microscopy
  11451	Safety and health requirements for occupational asbestos exposure
  11768	Recommendations for disposal of asbestos waste material
  12078	Personal protection recommendations for workers handling asbestos

• Definitions: As per IS 11451 for occupational asbestos exposure.

Key Points:

• The standard applies to airborne asbestos monitoring in work environments.
• Emphasizes safety, measurement, disposal, and personal protection.
• Encourages using the latest editions of referenced standards.

No direct formulas or tables are provided under "Scope," but these referenced standards contain detailed methodologies and safety limits.

IS 12082 Part 1 (2006) - References Summary

This standard incorporates provisions by referencing related IS codes, which must be consulted for detailed requirements:

Key Notes:

• Definitions in IS 11451 apply to IS 12082 Part 1.
• Always verify you are using the latest editions of these standards.
• These referenced standards cover:
  • Measurement techniques
  • Safety and health protocols
  • Waste disposal
  • Personal protective equipment (PPE)

This ensures comprehensive asbestos handling and safety compliance under IS 12082 Part 1.

graph LR
A[IS 12082 Part 1] --> B[IS 11450: Airborne Fiber Measurement]
A --> C[IS 11451: Safety & Health Requirements]
A --> D[IS 11768: Asbestos Waste Disposal]
A --> E[IS 12078: Personal Protection]

IS 12082 Part 1 - Definitions Summary

• The definitions relevant to IS 12082 Part 1 are not directly provided in this standard.
• Instead, all definitions are referenced from IS 11451:1986, which covers:
  • Safety and health requirements related to occupational exposure to asbestos.

Key referenced standards for context:

Practical takeaway:

• For definitions like asbestos fibre, exposure limits, work environment, refer to IS 11451:1986.
• This ensures consistency in terminology and safety criteria across asbestos-related standards.

If you need specific definitions or parameters, please consult IS 11451:1986 directly.

IS 12082 Part 1 (2006) - General Requirements Summary

This part of IS 12082 primarily references related standards for asbestos handling and safety rather than providing direct formulas or tables.

Key Points:

• Scope: Addresses occupational safety and health requirements for asbestos handling.

• Referenced Standards:

  IS No.	Title
  11450:1986	Method for airborne asbestos fiber concentration measurement
  11451:1986	Safety and health requirements for occupational asbestos exposure
  11768:1986	Disposal recommendations for asbestos waste
  12078:1987	Personal protection for workers handling asbestos

• Definitions: Use definitions as per IS 11451:1986.

Notes:

• No direct structural or design formulas are provided in this part.
• Emphasis is on health safety protocols, measurement methods, and personal protective equipment.
• For engineering design involving asbestos materials, refer to related IS codes or health safety standards.

flowchart LR
    A[IS 12082 Part 1] --> B[Occupational Safety]
    A --> C[Measurement Methods (IS 11450)]
    A --> D[Health Requirements (IS 11451)]
    A --> E[Waste Disposal (IS 11768)]
    A --> F[Personal Protection (IS 12078)]

For detailed design or structural parameters, consult other parts of IS 12082 or related structural codes.

IS 12082 Part 1: Control Measures During Mining Operations

Key Specifications from Clauses:

• Clause 5.3.11:

  • Mining mate must ensure complete dust suppression by wetting before allowing entry.
  • All miners must wear respiratory protective equipment (per IS 12078).

• Clause 5.3.12:

  • No mechanical/manual mining operations (ripping, cutting, drilling, loading) without dust suppression systems in good working order.

• Clause 6.2.1:

  • Environmental monitoring (dust, temperature, humidity) at least once every 30 days at blind ends and specified points.

Control Measures Summary:

Typical Dust Suppression Formula:

[ \text{Water Spray Rate (L/min)} = \frac{\text{Dust Generation Rate (mg/m}^3\text{)}}{\text{Dust Suppression Efficiency (%)}} \times \text{Correction Factor} ]

(Correction factor depends on equipment and environment)

flowchart LR
    A[Mining Operations] --> B{Dust Suppression Working?}
    B -- Yes --> C[Proceed with Work]
    B -- No --> D[Stop Work & Repair System]
    C --> E[Environmental Monitoring Monthly]
    E --> F[Ensure PPE Use]

Summary:
Ensure wetting and dust suppression systems are operational before work. Conduct monthly environmental monitoring and enforce respirator use per IS 12078 for safe underground mining.

IS 12082 Part 1: Dust Monitoring and Control - Key Points

Key Clauses:

• 5.3.15: Use Pulsed Infusion Shot Firing to suppress dust at generation.
• 5.2.1: Control dust from drilling by extraction equipment mounted on drills.
• 6.1: Monitor asbestos dust during mining/drilling as per IS 11450.
• 6.2.3: Explore chemical dust suppressants sprayed on floors to reduce asbestos dust.
• 8: Use water extensively for dust suppression; design drainage & pumping to recycle water minimizing wastage.

Dust Control Techniques:

• Pulsed infusion shot firing: Controls dust by timed blasts.
• Local extraction: Capture dust at source (drills).
• Chemical suppressants: Sprayed on floors to reduce dust suspension.
• Water spraying: For dust settling and humidity control.

Relevant IS Codes for Dust Control:

Monitoring & Control Summary Table (Clause 6.2.3)

Diagram: Dust Control Flow in Mining Operations

flowchart TD
    A[Mining Operation] --> B[Drilling]
    B --> C[Extraction Equipment]
    A --> D[Blasting]
    D --> E[Pulsed Infusion Shot Firing]
    A --> F[Floor Surfaces]
    F --> G[Chemical Sprays]
    A --> H[General Dust]
    H --> I[Water Spraying]
    I --> J[Drainage & Pumping System]
    J --> K[Water Recycling]

References:

• IS 11450 for asbestos

IS 12082 Part 1: Disposal of Waste (Asbestos)

Key Points:

• Disposal of asbestos waste must comply with IS 11768: 1986 - Recommendations for disposal of asbestos waste material.
• Waste should be handled to prevent airborne asbestos fibers, minimizing health risks.
• Use chemical dust suppressants on floors to reduce dust generation (Clause 6.2.3).
• Implement effective drainage and pumping systems to control humidity and recycle water used for dust suppression (Clause 8).
• Packaging, transport, and storage must follow IS 12079: 1987.

Summary Table of Relevant IS Codes

Practical Recommendations

• Waste Packaging: Use sealed, labeled containers per IS 12079.
• Disposal Site: Designated landfill with controlled access.
• Dust Control: Spray water or approved chemicals to suppress dust.
• Monitoring: Regular airborne fiber concentration checks using IS 11450 method.

flowchart LR
    A[Asbestos Waste Generation] --> B[Packaging as per IS 12079]
    B --> C[Transport to Disposal Site]
    C --> D[Disposal as per IS 11768]
    D --> E[Dust Suppression & Monitoring]
    E --> F[Environmental Safety]

Note: Refer to IS 11768 for detailed disposal procedures and IS 11450 for monitoring airborne fibers.

IS 12082 Part 1 (2006) – Drainage and Pumping Key Points

Water Supply for Dust Suppression (Clause 5.1.5)

• Pipe diameter: ≥ 25 mm
• Working pressure: ≥ 150 kPa (when all sprays/jets operate simultaneously)
• Ensures adequate water flow for dust control.

Dust Control Measures

• Clause 5.2.1: Drilling dust must be controlled using extraction equipment mounted on drills.
• Clause 5.3.3: Main underground travelling roads must be kept wet to minimize dust.

Mining Operation Condition (Clause 5.3.1)

• Mining allowed only if an adequate water supply is available for dust suppression and operational needs.

Typical Design Considerations for Drainage & Pumping (Beyond IS 12082)

Simple Water Supply System Diagram

flowchart LR
    WaterSource --> Pump[Pump]
    Pump --> Pipe[Pipe (≥25 mm, ≥150 kPa)]
    Pipe --> Sprays[Sprays/Jets]
    Sprays --> DustSuppression[Dust Suppression on Roads & Drills]

Summary: Use ≥25 mm pipes at ≥150 kPa pressure to supply water for dust suppression, maintain wet roads, and employ extraction on drills. Ensure mining only proceeds with adequate water supply.

IS 12082 Part 1: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for Asbestos Handling

Key Specifications:

• Clause 5.1.3:
  • No worker shall be exposed to airborne asbestos dust exceeding the Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL).
  • PEL must be measured using approved methods (e.g., IS 11450:1986 - membrane filter method).
  • Approved protective equipment must be worn in such environments.

Relevant Standards for PPE and Safety:

PPE Recommendations (from IS 12078:1987):

• Respiratory Protection:

  • Use of respirators with filters capable of filtering asbestos fibers (e.g., HEPA filters).
  • Fit-tested and maintained regularly.

• Protective Clothing:

  • Disposable coveralls to prevent fiber contamination of personal clothing.
  • Gloves and boots that can be decontaminated or disposed of safely.

• Decontamination:

  • Facilities for washing and changing clothes to prevent fiber spread.

Summary Formula for Exposure Limit:

• PEL (fibers/ml) ≤ 0.1 fibers/cm³ (commonly accepted limit for asbestos exposure)

flowchart LR
    A[Work Environment] --> B{Asbestos Dust Level}
    B -- ≤ PEL --> C[Normal Work with PPE]
    B -- > PEL --> D[Stop Work + Use Approved PPE]
    D --> E[Respirator + Protective Clothing]
    E --> F[Decontamination Facilities]

Always refer to IS 12078:1987 for detailed PPE specifications and maintenance.

IS 12082 Part 1: Ventilation Requirements Key Points

Air Velocity and Quality (Clause 5.3.9)

• Air velocity: Maintain between 1 m/s (min) and 4 m/s (max) when wet bulb temperature > 30.5°C.
• Oxygen: ≥ 19% O2 at all working places.
• Carbon dioxide: ≤ 0.5% CO2.
• Temperature: ≤ 33.5°C at any working place.

Ventilation System (Clause 5.3.5)

• Must be operational at all times during underground mining operations.

Dead Ends Ventilation (Clause 5.3.8)

• Use auxiliary ventilation or partitioning to ensure effective air circulation in underground dead ends.

Summary Table for Air Quality Limits

Practical Notes:

• Air velocity should be sufficient to prevent dust suspension.
• Maintain continuous ventilation to ensure worker safety and compliance.
• Use auxiliary systems for dead-end galleries to avoid stagnant air pockets.

flowchart LR
    A[Main Airway] -->|Air velocity 1-4 m/s| B[Working Place]
    B -->|O2 ≥ 19%, CO2 ≤ 0.5%, Temp ≤ 33.5°C| C[Safe Working Environment]
    D[Dead Ends] -->|Auxiliary ventilation/Partitioning| B

This ensures compliance with IS 12082 Part 1 ventilation requirements.

IS 12082 Part 1: Blasting Procedures - Key Points & Specifications

Dust Control in Blasting (Clauses 5.2.2.1 & 5.2.2.2)

• Wet blasting faces (top & sides) to reduce dust.
• Use controlled blasting techniques:
  • Proper spacing, burden, stemming
  • Use of delay elements
  • Employ deck loading (charging explosives in layers with inert material segments)

Minimizing Fibre Damage & Dust Release (Clauses 5.3.5.1 & 5.3.6.1)

• Provide an initial free face by:
  • Under-cut, top-cut, or middle-cut in non-asbestos mineralized zone.
• Blast asbestos zone with low-density explosives.
• If zones cannot be separated, use dummy holes (no explosives) to create free face.
• Use air decking: insert inert materials (e.g., bamboo sticks) between explosive charges to:
  • Achieve better energy distribution
  • Reduce airborne fibre dust generation

Typical Blasting Parameters (General Practice)

Simplified Blast Hole Layout Diagram

graph TD
    A[Free Face] --> B[Blast Hole 1]
    B --> C[Explosive Charge]
    C --> D[Inert Material (Air Decking)]
    D --> E[Explosive Charge]
    B --- F[Dummy Hole (no charge)]

Summary:
Control dust and fibre release by wetting faces, creating free faces, using low-density explosives, dummy holes, and air decking with proper burden, spacing, and stemming as per IS 12082 Part 1.

Key Specifications & Formulas from IS 12082 Part 1: Environmental Conditions and Air Quality

1. Air Quality Parameters (Clause 5.3.9):

• Oxygen (O₂) ≥ 19%
• Carbon dioxide (CO₂) ≤ 0.5%
• Temperature ≤ 33.5°C at any working place
• If wet bulb temperature > 30.5°C, air velocity must be:
  • Minimum: 1 m/s
  • Maximum: 4 m/s

2. Air Velocity:

• Maintain velocity in main airways to prevent dust resuspension from floor.

3. Dust Monitoring & Control (Clause 6.2.3):

• Use chemical dust suppressants by spraying on floors to minimize dust generation.
• Dust, temperature, humidity must be measured at least once every 30 days at specified locations.

4. Waste Disposal:

• Follow IS 11768 for asbestos waste disposal.

5. Water Use for Dust Suppression:

• Effective drainage and pumping system required to control humidity and recycle water to minimize wastage.

Summary Table: Environmental Conditions

Monitoring Frequency (Clause 6.2.1)

• Monthly dust, temperature, humidity checks at blind ends and other points specified by the Regional Inspector.

flowchart LR
    A[Environmental Monitoring] --> B[Dust Concentration]
    A --> C[Temperature]
    A --> D[Humidity]
    B --> E[Chemical Dust Suppression]
    E --> F[Spraying on Floor]
    A --> G[Air Quality Parameters]
    G --> H[O2 ≥ 19%]
    G --> I[CO2 ≤ 0.5%]
    G --> J[Temp ≤ 33.5°C]
    J --> K{Wet Bulb Temp > 30.5°C?}
    K -->|Yes| L[Air Velocity 1-4 m/s

Key Specifications for Green Barriers and Environmental Protection (IS 12082 Part 1)

1. Green Barrier Requirements (Clauses 5.3.14 & 5.2.4):

• Purpose: To prevent the spread of airborne fibre dust.
• Minimum Width: 10 meters.
• Tree Rows: At least 3 rows.
• Tree Type: Fast-growing species with dense canopy.
• Location: Along mining lease boundary, ultimate pit boundary, enclosing mining area, waste dump, and processing plants.

2. Dust Suppression (Clause 6.2.3):

• Use of chemical sprays to suppress asbestos dust at floor level.
• Extensive water spraying with effective drainage and recirculation systems to control humidity.

3. Waste Disposal (Clause 7):

• Disposal of waste as per IS 11768 (1986).

Summary Table: Green Barrier Design

Related IS Standards for Environmental Protection:

• IS 11450: Airborne asbestos fibre measurement.
• IS 11451: Occupational safety for asbestos exposure.
• IS 11768: Asbestos waste disposal.
• IS 12078: Personal protection for asbestos handlers.

flowchart LR
    A[Mining Area] --> B[Green Barrier]
    B --> C[3 Rows of Trees]
    C --> D[Minimum Width 10 m]
    B --> E[Prevents Airborne Dust Spread]
    A --> F[Waste Dump & Processing Plant]
    F --> B

Note: Ensure periodic monitoring and maintenance of green barriers for effectiveness in dust control and environmental protection.

IS 12082 Part 1 focuses on safety in handling asbestos, emphasizing Health and Safety Supervision through referenced standards.

Key References for Health & Safety Supervision:

Important Specifications:

• Airborne Fibre Monitoring: Use IS 11450 method to quantify asbestos fibres in the workplace air.
• Exposure Limits: Follow IS 11451 recommendations to maintain asbestos fibre concentration below permissible limits (typically 0.1 fibres/cc over 8 hours).
• Waste Disposal: IS 11768 outlines safe asbestos waste handling and disposal to prevent environmental contamination.
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): IS 12078 details respirators, protective clothing, and hygiene practices to minimize worker exposure.

Summary Table of Safety Measures

flowchart TD
    A[Work Environment] --> B[Airborne Fibre Monitoring (IS 11450)]
    B --> C{Fibre Concentration < 0.1 fibres/cc?}
    C -- Yes --> D[Continue Operations with PPE (IS 12078)]
    C -- No --> E[Implement Control Measures (IS 11451)]
    E --> F[Waste Disposal Procedures (IS 11768)]
    F --> D

Note: Always refer to the latest editions of these standards for updated limits and procedures.

IS 12082 Part 1: Compliance and Regulatory Considerations

Key References (Mandatory Compliance)

Important Specifications:

• Dust Suppression: Use chemical sprays on floors to suppress asbestos dust (Clause 6.2.3).
• Waste Disposal: All asbestos waste must comply with IS 11768.
• Water Management: Design drainage and pumping systems for dust control and water recirculation (Clause 8).
• Packaging & Transport: Follow IS 12079 for safe packaging, transport, and storage.
• Ventilation: Use local exhaust ventilation as per IS 12080.
• Signage: Use pictorial warnings per IS 12081 (Parts 1 & 2).

Summary Table: Compliance Actions

Diagram: Compliance Workflow

flowchart TD
    A[Mining/Handling Asbestos] --> B[Dust Suppression (Chemicals)]
    B --> C[Airborne Fibre Monitoring (IS 11450)]
    C --> D[Worker Protection (IS 12078)]
    D --> E[Waste Collection & Disposal (IS 11768)]
    E --> F[Packaging & Transport (IS 12079)]
    F --> G[Signage & Warnings (IS 12081)]
    G --> H[Ventilation Systems (IS 12080)]

Note: Always verify with the latest editions of referenced IS codes for updates or amendments.