silicone-based water repellents

IS 12027: Scope Summary

Scope (Clause 1.1):

• Specifies requirements for silicone-based water repellents used in construction.

Key Specifications from IS 12027

Mineral Spirit Specifications (for Class A & B)

Notes:

• Mineral spirit must conform to above specs to ensure proper dilution and performance.
• The standard focuses on ensuring water repellents maintain efficacy after dilution.

flowchart LR
    A[Silicone Water Repellent] --> B{Material Class}
    B -->|Class A or B| C[Dilute with Mineral Spirit/Xylene]
    B -->|Class C| D[Dilute with Distilled Water]
    C --> E{Mineral Spirit Specs}
    E --> F[Flash Point ≥ 27°C]
    E --> G[Boiling Range 135-185°C]
    E --> H[Kauri-butanol ≥ 34]

This concise scope ensures the right preparation and quality of water repellents per IS 12027.

IS 12027: Key Definitions & Specifications

1. Definitions (Clause 2.0)

• The standard defines terms related to silicone water repellents and their testing.
• Key terms include relative absorption, test solution preparation, and treatment procedures.

2. Relative Absorption Formula (Clause 1.4)

[ \text{Relative Absorption (%)} = \frac{b_3 - b_1}{b_2 - b_1} \times 100 ]

Where:

• (b_1) = Initial weight of specimen
• (b_2) = Weight after soaking
• (b_3) = Weight after drying

3. Test Solution Preparation (Clause 3.2, Table B-3)

4. Treatment Setup (Clause 4.1)

• Specimens treated in a tray 350 x 150 x 25 mm
• Test solution depth: approx. 10 mm

flowchart LR
    A[Test Specimen] --> B[Soak in Test Solution]
    B --> C[Dry Specimen]
    C --> D[Measure Weights: b1, b2, b3]
    D --> E[Calculate Relative Absorption]

This summary covers essential definitions, formulas, and preparation steps for testing silicone water repellents per IS 12027.

IS 12027: Classification of Brick and Stone Materials

Key Classification Criteria (Clause 5.1 & Appendix A)

• Class A Materials
  • Bricks with water absorption ≥ 15%
  • Conforming to IS 1077-1976
  • Used in Appendices C, D, E, F tests
• Class B and C Materials
  • Limestone slabs as per IS 1128-1974
  • Used in Appendices C, D, E, G tests

Test Solution Concentration (Clause 3.2.1)

Preparation of Test Solutions (Clause B-3.2)

• Class A & B: Dilute silicone water repellent with mineral spirit/xylene
  • Mineral spirit specs:
    • Flash point ≥ 27°C
    • Boiling range: 135–185°C
    • Kauri-butanol value ≥ 34
• Class C: Dilute silicone water repellent with distilled water

Summary Table

This classification guides the selection of specimens and preparation of test solutions for durability and water repellency tests.

IS 12027: Key Requirements for Silicone-Based Water Repellents

1. General Requirements (Clause 1.1)

• The standard covers silicone-based water repellents.
• Numerical values must follow the revised rounding-off rules.

2. Test Solution Preparation (Clause 3.2, Table B-3)

3. Testing Protocol (Clause 1.5)

• If any specimen fails (Clause 5.3), repeat test on 3 fresh specimens.
• If any of these fail, the entire consignment is rejected.

4. Additional Notes

• Appendix E describes the method to measure evaporation of water through surfaces for Class A materials.

Summary Table for Mineral Spirit Properties

flowchart TD
    A[Silicone Water Repellent] --> B{Material Class}
    B -->|Class A or B| C[Prepare Test Solution with Mineral Spirit/Xylene]
    B -->|Class C| D[Prepare Test Solution with Distilled Water]
    C --> E[Check Mineral Spirit Specs]
    E -->|Flash-point ≥ 27°C| F[Proceed]
    E -->|Boiling Range 135-185°C| F
    E -->|Kauri-butanol ≥ 34| F

This concise summary helps ensure compliance with IS 12027 for silicone water repellents.

IS 12027: Performance Requirements for Silicone-Based Water Repellents

Key Specifications (Clause 4.1 & 5)

• Consistency: Water repellent must be easily applicable by brushing or spraying without altering the dry appearance of masonry (except fugitive dye effect).
• Test Solution Preparation (Clause 3.2):

Performance Testing (Clause 1.5)

• If initial specimens fail requirements (Clause 5.3), retest 3 fresh specimens.
• Failure of any retest specimen = consignment rejection.

Evaporation Measurement (Appendix E, Clause 5.4)

• Specific method defined for Class A materials to measure water evaporation through treated surfaces.

Summary Table: Mineral Spirit Specifications

flowchart TD
    A[Water Repellent] --> B{Class of Material}
    B -->|Class A or B| C[Dilute with Mineral Spirit/Xylene]
    B -->|Class C| D[Dilute with Distilled Water]
    C --> E[Apply on Masonry]
    D --> E
    E --> F{Test Specimens}
    F -->|Pass| G[Accept Consignment]
    F -->|Fail| H[Retest 3 Specimens]
    H -->|Any Fail| I[Reject Consignment]
    H -->|All Pass| G

This concise overview covers the essential performance and testing requirements per IS 12027 for silicone water repellents.

IS 12027: Materials and Containers Key Points

1. Containers for Different Classes

2. Packing Specifications

• Bulk packing: Steel drums for all materials.
• Class A & B: Use solvent-resistant, lead-free containers.
• Class C: Polyethylene containers recommended.

3. Preparation of Test Solution (Clause 3.2)

Summary Diagram

flowchart TD
    A[Material Class] -->|A & B| B[Solvent Resistant Containers]
    A -->|C| C[Polyethylene or Caustic-resistant Containers]
    B --> D[Lead-free Metal Containers]
    D --> E[No Lead Soldering]
    F[Bulk Packing] --> G[Steel Drums]
    H[Test Solution Preparation] --> I[Class A & B: Dilute with Mineral Spirit/Xylene]
    H --> J[Class C: Dilute with Distilled Water]

This ensures safe, compatible packaging and proper test solution preparation per IS 12027.

IS 12027 — Packing and Marking Key Points

Packing Specifications (Clause 7.1)

• Bulk materials: Packed in steel drums.
• Class A & B materials: Use solvent-resistant containers free from lead and lead-solder.
• Class C materials: Use polyethylene containers.
• For Class C, materials resistant to caustic soda must be made from glass, polyethylene, mild steel, stainless steel, or similar (Clause 6.3).

Marking Requirements (Clause 7.1.1)

Each package must be securely closed and marked legibly with:

• Class of repellent (A, B, or C)
• Manufacturer’s name
• Weight of material
• Recognized trade-mark (if any)
• Manufacture date (day, month, year)
• Flammability mark (if flash-point < 23°C)
• Shelf-life and storage instructions
• Solids content

Optional Marking (Clause 7.2)

• Packages may carry the BIS Standard Mark, indicating compliance with BIS quality and inspection norms.

Summary Table: Container Types by Material Class

This ensures safe handling, storage, and traceability per IS 12027 standards.

IS 12027: Preparation of Test Solutions and Samples

1. Preparation of Test Solution (Clause 3.2 & 3.2.1)

• Class A & B Materials:
  Dilute silicone water repellent with mineral spirit or xylene.
  Mineral spirit specs:

  Property	Value
  Minimum flash-point	27°C
  Boiling range	135 to 185°C
  Minimum Kauri-butanol value	34

• Class C Materials:
  Dilute silicone water repellent with distilled water.

• Concentration:

  • Class A & B: 5 ± 0.2% solids
  • Class C: 3 ± 0.2% solids

2. Sample Treatment (Clause 4.1 & 4.2)

• Use a shallow tray approx. 350 x 150 x 25 mm.
• Pour test solution to a depth of ~10 mm.
• Tray material: Polyethylene preferred; if metal, must be lead-free and resistant to caustic soda (for Class C).
• Place a wire gauze layer at the bottom to avoid direct contact.
• Procedure per specimen:
  • Immerse face down for 15 seconds.
  • Drain face down for 10 seconds.
  • Place face up and store at 25 ± 5°C indoors.
• Measure mass difference before and after immersion to find solution absorbed (accuracy ±0.1 g).
• Replenish solution to original depth before next specimen.

flowchart TD
    A[Prepare Test Solution] --> B{Material Class}
    B -->|Class A/B| C[Dilute with Mineral Spirit/Xylene]
    B -->|Class C| D[Dilute with Distilled Water]
    C & D --> E[Pour ~10mm solution in tray]
    E --> F[Place wire gauze in tray]
    F --> G[Immerse specimen face down 15s]
    G --> H[Drain face down 10s]
    H --> I[Place specimen face up, store at 25±5°C]
    I --> J[Measure mass difference for absorption

IS 12027: Method of Testing Early Water Repellency

Key Specifications:

• Early Water Repellency Requirement (Clause 5.2):
  No pool of water shall be completely absorbed by the treated brick/block within 10 minutes after application.

• Minimum Solution Pick-up (Clause 4.3):

  • Bricks: ≥ 4 g
  • Blocks: ≥ 1 g
    Specimens below these values are discarded.

Test Solution Preparation (Clause 3.2, Table B-3):

Test Method Summary (Appendix C):

1. Prepare test solution as per material class.
2. Apply water repellent to specimen ensuring minimum solution pick-up.
3. After application, observe water absorption on the surface.
4. Confirm no water pool is absorbed within 10 minutes.

Notes:

• Test is done once per new formulation (Clause 5.5.2).
• Class B & C repellents require additional 12-month weathering tests (Appendix G).

flowchart TD
    A[Prepare Test Solution] --> B[Apply to Specimen]
    B --> C{Solution Pick-up ≥ Min?}
    C -- No --> D[Discard Specimen]
    C -- Yes --> E[Observe Water Absorption]
    E --> F{Water absorbed within 10 min?}
    F -- Yes --> G[Test Failed]
    F -- No --> H[Test Passed]

This ensures early water repellency compliance per IS 12027.

IS 12027: Measurement of Water Absorption (Clause 5.3 & Appendix D)

Key Specifications:

• Max water absorption: ≤ 10% for any one of three test specimens.
• Test duration: 72 hours water immersion + 7 days drying at 27 ± 2°C.

Test Procedure (Appendix D):

1. Preparation:
   • Seal all faces except the test face using rigid, impermeable plates (e.g., glass) and silicone sealant.
2. Immersion:
   • Place specimens on wire gauze in a tray.
   • Immerse test face in 10 mm deep clean water for 72 hours.
3. Post-immersion:
   • Remove, wipe off water, seal other faces immediately.
   • Weigh specimens to ±1 g accuracy.
4. Drying:
   • Expose test face upwards in a ventilated room for 7 days at 27 ± 2°C.
   • Re-weigh specimens.

Calculation of Water Absorption:

[ \text{Water Absorption %} = \frac{W_2 - W_1}{W_1} \times 100 ]

• (W_1) = Initial dry weight (after sealing)
• (W_2) = Weight after 72 hours immersion

Additional Notes:

• Discard specimens with solution pick-up < 4 g (bricks) or < 1 g (blocks).
• Use only specimens meeting minimum pick-up for absorption testing.

flowchart TD
    A[Prepare Specimens] --> B[Seal all faces except test face]
    B --> C[Place on wire gauze in tray]
    C --> D[Immerse test face in 10mm water for 72 hrs]
    D --> E[Remove & wipe water]
    E --> F[Seal other faces immediately]
    F --> G[Weigh specimens (W1)]
    G --> H[Dry 7 days at 27±2°C]
    H --> I[Weigh specimens (W2)]
    I --> J[Calculate Water Absorption %]

This method ensures accurate measurement of water absorption per IS 12027 standards.

IS 12027: Durability Testing Procedures Overview

1. Durability Tests for Repellents

• Class A Repellents (Appendix F, Clause 5.5.1)

  • Subject specimens to 12 months weathering exposure (Clause 1.2).
  • After exposure, repeat tests from Appendices C, D, and E.
  • If any specimen fails (Clause 1.5), repeat test on 3 new specimens.
  • Failure of any new specimen means consignment fails.

• Class B & C Repellents (Appendix G, Clause 5.5.2)

  • Similar durability testing with specific procedures outlined in Appendix G.

2. Measurement of Water Evaporation (Appendix E, Clause 5.4)

• For Class A materials, evaporation rate through surfaces is measured.
• This quantifies water repellency and durability.

Key Specifications Summary

Conceptual Flow of Durability Testing

flowchart TD
    A[Initial Specimens] --> B[12 Months Weathering Exposure]
    B --> C[Repeat Tests (Appendices C, D, E)]
    C --> D{Pass All Specimens?}
    D -- Yes --> E[Consignment Passes]
    D -- No --> F[Test 3 New Specimens]
    F --> G{Pass All New Specimens?}
    G -- Yes --> E
    G -- No --> H[Consignment Fails]

This procedure ensures the long-term performance of water repellent materials under natural weathering conditions.

IS 12027: Weathering Exposure Tests - Key Points

1. Duration:

   • Tests are repeated after 12 months of weathering exposure (Clause 1.2, 5.5.2).

2. Test Scope:

   • Repeat tests from Appendices C, D, and E after exposure.
   • Appendix E details Evaporation Measurement through surfaces.

3. Water Repellent Classes (B & C):

   • Must meet criteria of Clauses 5.2, 5.3, and 5.4 after 12 months (Clause 5.5.2).
   • Testing per Appendix G is only for new silicone-based formulations.

4. Failure Protocol:

   • If specimens fail Clause 5.3, repeat test on 3 fresh specimens.
   • Any failure in retest = consignment fails (Clause 1.5).

5. Durability Table (G-1.2):

   • Confirms 12-month weathering exposure followed by tests in Appendices C, D, E.

Summary Table: Weathering Test Procedure

Evaporation Measurement (Appendix E)

• Measures water evaporation rate through treated surfaces to assess durability.
• Class A materials specified for this test.

flowchart TD
    A[Start: New Water Repellent Formulation] --> B[Initial Tests (Appendices C, D, E)]
    B --> C[12 Months Weathering Exposure]
    C --> D[Repeat Tests (C, D, E)]
    D --> E{Pass 5.3 Requirements?}
    E -- Yes --> F[Accept Consignment]
    E -- No --> G[Retest 3 Fresh Specimens]
    G --> H{Any Fail?}
    H -- Yes --> I[Reject Consignment]
   

IS 12027: Long-Term Durability Tests Summary

Key Points:

• Exposure Duration: 12 months weathering exposure.
• Test Repetition: After 12 months, repeat tests from Appendices C, D, and E.
• Applicability:
  • Appendix F: Durability test for Class A repellents.
  • Appendix G: Durability test for Class B and C repellents.

Procedure Overview:

Important Notes:

• The tests in Appendices C, D, and E typically cover:
  • Physical and chemical properties
  • Water repellency
  • Adhesion and resistance to weathering

Contact for Testing:

• Central Laboratory: Plot No. 20/9, Site IV, Sahibabad Industrial Area, Sahibabad 201010
• Regional Offices available across India for sample submission and testing.

Visual Summary:

flowchart TD
    A[Start: Apply Repellent] --> B[Expose to Weather for 12 Months]
    B --> C{Repellent Class?}
    C -->|Class A| D[Durability Test: Appendix F]
    C -->|Class B or C| E[Durability Test: Appendix G]
    D --> F[Repeat Tests from Appendices C, D, E]
    E --> F
    F --> G[Evaluate Durability]

For detailed test methods and criteria, refer to Appendices C, D, E, F, and G of IS 12027.