Method of measurement of building and civil engineering works, Part 6: refractory work

IS 1200 (Part VI) - 1974: Scope Summary

• Scope: Covers the method of measurement of refractory work in building and civil engineering projects.
• Purpose: Standardizes measurement methods to unify practices across agencies, aiding clear communication, planning, and payment.
• Applicability: Applies to refractory works in industrial, river valley, and building projects.
• Measurement Rules:
  • Use IS : 2-1960 for rounding off measured values.
  • Painting of finished masonry with cement/fireclay mortars is measured separately (see IS 1200 Part XIII).
• Trade Separation: Each trade, including refractory work, is issued as a separate part for clarity.

Key Notes:

Measurement Essentials (General)

• Quantities measured are expressed in cubic meters (m³) or square meters (m²) depending on the work.
• Measurements exclude painting unless specified.
• All dimensions are taken from finished work.

flowchart TD
    A[Start: Refractory Work] --> B[Measure Dimensions]
    B --> C{Type of Work?}
    C -->|Masonry| D[Measure volume/area]
    C -->|Painting| E[Measure separately (IS 1200 Part XIII)]
    D --> F[Apply rounding as per IS 2-1960]
    E --> F
    F --> G[Record quantities for payment]

For detailed formulas, tables, and measurement rules, refer directly to IS 1200 (Part VI) - 1974 document.

IS 1200 Part 6: General Rules for Measurement of Refractory Work

Scope:

• Covers method of measurement of refractory work in building and civil engineering projects.
• Applies to openings/voids within measured spaces with specified minimum areas for deduction (Clause 2.6).

Key Specifications & Rules

• Measurement Units: Use metric system (meters, square meters, cubic meters).
• Deduction for Openings: Deduct openings/voids only if they exceed the minimum defined area within the measured space.
• Rounding Off: Follow IS 2-1960 for rounding off numerical values. The number of significant figures should match those specified in the standard.

Practical Notes

Summary Flowchart of Measurement Process

flowchart TD
    A[Start Measurement] --> B[Measure Total Area/Volume]
    B --> C{Are there Openings/Voids?}
    C -- Yes --> D[Check if Opening > Minimum Area]
    D -- Yes --> E[Deduct Opening Area/Volume]
    D -- No --> F[No Deduction]
    C -- No --> F
    E --> F
    F --> G[Round off as per IS 2-1960]
    G --> H[Final Measured Quantity]

References:

• IS 1200 (Part VI) - 1974
• IS 2-1960 (Rounding off numerical values)

IS 1200 Part 6: Clubbing of Items – Key Points & Specifications

1. Clubbing of Items (Clause 2.1)

• Items may be clubbed if the breakup is agreed based on the detailed item descriptions in the standard.
• Ensures clarity in measurement and billing.

2. Included in Item Descriptions (Clause 2.4)

Each item description includes (unless stated otherwise):

• Conveyance, delivery, handling, unloading, storing waste.
• Return of packing materials.
• Necessary scaffolding, platforms, walkways.
• Tools, tackles, stacking item-wise.
• Opening packages, disposal of packing materials (wood, straw).
• Use of equipment, safety appliances, lighting, ventilation.

3. Dressing of Bricks/Blocks (Clause 3.1)

• Includes cutting, grinding, chipping for:
  • Proper joint thickness and alignment.
  • Expansion, sliding, binding joints.
  • Curved surfaces, arches (keying and curvature).

4. Deduction for Openings (Clause 2.6)

• Minimum area for deduction applies only to openings/voids within the measured space.
• Ensures accurate net measurement.

Practical Notes:

• No explicit formulas or tables for clubbing are provided; it is a procedural clause.
• Use item-wise detailed descriptions to split or combine quantities.
• Follow rounding rules as per IS 1200 for final measurements.

flowchart TD
    A[Start: Items to be measured] --> B{Are items to be clubbed?}
    B -- Yes --> C[Agree breakup based on detailed description]
    B -- No --> D[Measure items separately]
    C --> E[Include conveyance, handling, scaffolding, etc.]
    E --> F[Measure dressing of bricks/blocks if applicable]
    F --> G[Deduct openings if area > minimum specified]
    D --> G
    G --> H[Finalize quantities with rounding rules]
    H --> I[End: Measurement complete]

Summary: Clubbing is allowed with agreed breakup per detailed descriptions, including all handling and dressing work. Deduct openings only above minimum area within measured space.

IS 1200 Part 6 — Booking of Dimensions: Key Points

• Order of Dimensions (Clause 2.2):
  Dimensions must be booked consistently in the sequence:
  Length → Breadth/Width → Height/Depth/Thickness

• Precision (Clause 2.3.1):
  Measure all dimensions to the nearest 0.01 m (1 cm).

• Deductions (Clause 2.6):
  For openings or voids, deductions apply only if the opening area exceeds the minimum defined area within the measured space.

Typical Dimension Booking Format:

Rounding Off Rules (Summary):

• Round off to nearest 0.01 m.
• If value is exactly midway (e.g., 0.005), round up.

flowchart LR
    A[Start Booking Dimensions] --> B{Measure Length}
    B --> C[Record Length (nearest 0.01 m)]
    C --> D{Measure Breadth/Width}
    D --> E[Record Breadth/Width (nearest 0.01 m)]
    E --> F{Measure Height/Depth}
    F --> G[Record Height/Depth (nearest 0.01 m)]
    G --> H[Check for Openings/Voids]
    H --> I{Opening area > min. area?}
    I -- Yes --> J[Deduct opening area]
    I -- No --> K[No deduction]
    J & K --> L[Complete Booking]

This ensures consistent, accurate dimension booking in civil engineering measurements per IS 1200 Part 6.

IS 1200 Part 6 — Key Points on Measurement

• Measurement Units: All dimensions are measured in the decimal metric system (meters), to the nearest 0.01 m (Clause 2.3.1).

• Measurement Basis: Quantities are measured net, i.e., actual work done, fixed in position (Clause 2.3).

• Scope: Part 6 specifically covers refractory works measurement (Clause 1.1).

General Measurement Rules (Summary)

Practical Notes:

• Measure length, breadth, height, thickness as per site fixed dimensions.
• Use decimal notation for all quantities.
• Exclude allowances for wastage unless specifically stated.

flowchart LR
    A[Work to be measured] --> B[Measure dimensions in meters]
    B --> C[Round off to nearest 0.01 m]
    C --> D[Calculate net quantity]
    D --> E[Record in decimal system]

This ensures uniformity and precision in measurement for billing and quality control.

IS 1200 Part 6 — Description of Items: Key Points & Specifications

• Clause 2.4 (Description of Items):
  Each item’s description includes:

  • Conveyance, delivery, handling, unloading, storing waste
  • Return of packing materials
  • Necessary scaffoldings, platforms, walkways
  • Tools, tackles, stacking item-wise
  • Opening of packages and disposal of packing materials (wood, straw, etc.)
  • Use of equipment, safety appliances, lighting, ventilation where necessary

• Clause 2.1 (Clubbing of Items):
  Items may be clubbed if the detailed breakup is agreed upon based on the standard’s description.

• Clause 2.8 (Bills of Quantities):
  Bills must fully describe materials, workmanship, and accurately represent the work.

• Clause 3.10 (Measurement):
  Painting of finished masonry with cement, fireclay mortar, water glass, etc., is measured separately (see IS 1200 Part XIII).

Summary Table for Description Inclusion

Practical Tip:

When preparing Bills of Quantities or item descriptions, always ensure inclusion of all indirect costs (handling, scaffolding, safety) as per Clause 2.4 to avoid disputes.

flowchart TD
    A[Item Description] --> B[Conveyance & Delivery]
    A --> C[Handling & Unloading]
    A --> D[Scaffoldings & Platforms]
    A --> E[Tools & Tackles]
    A --> F[Safety Appliances & Lighting]
    A --> G[Waste Disposal]
    A --> H[Ventilation Facilities]

This structure ensures comprehensive coverage per IS 1200 Part 6 requirements.

IS 1200 Part 6 — Waste Measurement Key Points

• Clause 2.5 (Waste Inclusion):
  All measurements of cutting include consequential wastage unless otherwise specified. This means the quantity accounts for material lost during cutting or shaping.

• Clause 2.4 (Item Description):
  Item descriptions include waste handling such as conveyance, delivery, unloading, storing waste, disposal of packing materials (wood, straw), and necessary scaffolding or tools.

• Measurement Precision:

  • Areas: Rounded to 0.01 m³ (Clause 2.3.2)
  • Weight: Rounded to 0.001 tonne (Clause 2.3.4)

Practical Notes:

• Always factor in wastage in material estimates for cutting or shaping works.
• Waste disposal and related handling costs are included in item rates.
• No separate calculation for waste is normally needed unless explicitly stated.

Summary Table:

flowchart LR
    Cutting -->|Includes| Waste[Waste & Wastage]
    Waste -->|Handled by| Conveyance
    Waste -->|Handled by| Disposal
    Waste -->|Handled by| Storage
    Waste -->|Handled by| Scaffolding

In essence: Waste is an integral part of measurement and costing in IS 1200 Part 6, ensuring comprehensive coverage of all related activities.

IS 1200 Part 6 (1974) - Deduction Key Points

• Clause 2.6 Deduction:

  • Deduction applies only to openings/voids within the measured space.
  • Minimum area limits for deduction are specified; openings smaller than this are not deducted.

• Measurement System:

  • Net measurement in decimal system (Clause 2.3).
  • Includes wastage inherently (Clause 2.5).

• Rounding Off:

  • Numerical values are rounded as per revised rules (usually nearest mm or decimal place).

Typical Deduction Rule Summary:

Practical Notes:

• Deduct only voids fully within the measured refractory area.
• Ensure minimum opening size threshold is checked before deducting.
• Waste and cutting losses are included in final quantities, so no extra allowance needed.

flowchart TD
    A[Measured Space] --> B{Opening Area ≥ Min?}
    B -- Yes --> C[Deduct Opening Area]
    B -- No --> D[No Deduction]
    C --> E[Net Quantity]
    D --> E

This ensures accurate net measurement for refractory work per IS 1200 Part 6.

IS 1200 Part 6: Work to be Measured Separately

Key Points from Clause 2.7:

• Refractory work in hot conditions must be specified with the temperature range.
• Such work is to be measured separately from other refractory work.

Measurement Guidelines (Clause 2.3):

• Work is measured net in the decimal system.
• Measurement is based on the work fixed in place.

Bills of Quantities (Clause 2.8):

• Must fully describe materials and workmanship.
• Should accurately represent the work to be executed.

Practical Summary for Work Measured Separately:

• Identify temperature range of hot refractory work.
• Measure area/volume of refractory lining or installation exposed to specified temperature.
• Use net dimensions after deductions for openings or fixtures.
• Specify in Bills of Quantities as a separate item with detailed description.

Typical Measurement Formula for Refractory Work:

flowchart TD
    A[Start: Identify Refractory Work] --> B{Is work in hot conditions?}
    B -- Yes --> C[Specify temperature range]
    B -- No --> D[Measure normally]
    C --> E[Measure net area/volume]
    E --> F[Record separately in Bill of Quantities]
    D --> F
    F --> G[Execute and measure work as per IS 1200 Part 6]

Summary: Always specify and measure refractory work exposed to hot conditions separately with temperature range and net dimensions, ensuring clear description in the Bill of Quantities per IS 1200 Part 6.

IS 1200 Part 6: Bills of Quantities - Key Points & Specifications

• Clause 2.8: Bills of Quantities (BoQ) must fully describe materials, workmanship, and accurately represent the executed work.
• Measurement System (Clause 2.3): All work measured net, in decimal system, as fixed in place.
• Painting Measurement (Clause 3.10): Painting on finished masonry (cement/fireclay mortar, water glass, etc.) measured separately (see IS 1200 Part XIII).

Important Specifications for BoQ Preparation:

• Description: Clear, unambiguous, covering all materials and workmanship.
• Units: Use decimal system units (e.g., m², m³, kg).
• Accuracy: Quantities must reflect actual work to avoid disputes.
• Separate Items: Items like painting, plastering, pointing measured as per relevant IS parts.

Typical BoQ Format (Simplified):

Reference for Detailed Measurement:

• IS 1200 Part VIII (Steel & Iron Work)
• IS 1200 Part XIII (Plastering & Pointing)

flowchart TD
    A[Bills of Quantities] --> B[Description of Materials]
    A --> C[Description of Workmanship]
    A --> D[Accurate Measurement]
    D --> E[Measurement in Decimal Units]
    E --> F[Separate Measurement for Painting, Plastering]

For detailed item measurement rules, consult respective IS 1200 Parts related to specific work.

IS 1200 Part 6: Method of Measurement - Key Points

• Scope: Covers measurement methods for refractory and related building/civil works.
• Measurement Units: Work measured net, in the decimal system, fixed in place (Clause 2.3).
• Bills of Quantities (BoQ): Must fully describe materials, workmanship, and represent actual work (Clause 2.8).

General Measurement Rules (Summary)

Important Notes:

• Measurement excludes wastage, overlaps, or projections unless specified.
• Work is measured after completion or at agreed stages.
• Decimal system: measurements recorded in meters with decimals (e.g., 2.35 m).

flowchart TD
    A[Start Measurement] --> B{Type of Work}
    B -->|Length| C[Measure along centerline]
    B -->|Area| D[Calculate length × breadth]
    B -->|Volume| E[Calculate length × breadth × height]
    B -->|Count| F[Count actual items]
    C --> G[Record net measurement]
    D --> G
    E --> G
    F --> G
    G --> H[Include in Bill of Quantities]

For detailed item-specific formulas, refer to respective IS 1200 parts.

IS 1200 Part 6: Items of Work Included - Key Points

1. Scope of Items (Clause 2.4)

Each item includes:

• Conveyance, delivery, handling, unloading, and storing.
• Waste disposal and return of packing materials.
• Necessary scaffolding, platforms, walkways.
• Tools, tackles, stacking item-wise.
• Opening packages and disposal of packing materials (wood, straw).
• Use of equipment, safety appliances, lighting, and ventilation as needed.

2. Bills of Quantities (Clause 2.8)

• Must fully describe materials and workmanship.
• Accurately represent the work to be executed.

3. Method of Measurement (Clause 3.1)

Items include:

• Dressing bricks/blocks by cutting, grinding, chipping for proper thickness and alignment.
• Dressing for expansion, sliding, binding joints.
• Ensuring proper curvature and keying in arches and curved surfaces.

Summary Table: Items Included in Measurement

flowchart TD
    A[Item of Work] --> B[Material Handling]
    A --> C[Waste Management]
    A --> D[Preparation of Materials]
    A --> E[Scaffolding & Access]
    A --> F[Safety & Utilities]
    A --> G[Special Work (Joints, Curves)]

This ensures comprehensive coverage of all activities under each item in measurement and billing.

IS 1200 Part 6 (1974) — Materials Description for Refractory Work

Key Specifications (Clauses 3.2 & 3.6)

• Materials to be described:

  • Refractory bricks and blocks (types and specifications)
  • Insulation bricks and blocks
  • Mortars and powders used for laying
  • Auxiliary/filling materials such as:
    • Paper, cardboard, asbestos materials
    • Mineral wool, water glass, coke pitch, carbon mass
    • Special sands, crumbs, powders
    • Admixtures and plasticizers

• Insulation plaster:

  • When applied over refractory surfaces, it must be described separately.
  • Measured in square metres distinctly from refractory bricks.

Measurement Notes

• Thicknesses up to 0.1 m are specially noted for measurement (Amendment No. 2).
• Materials must be fully described in the bill of quantities for clarity and proper measurement.

Typical Material Description Table (Example)

flowchart TD
    A[Refractory Work] --> B[Refractory Bricks & Blocks]
    A --> C[Insulation Bricks & Blocks]
    A --> D[Mortars & Powders]
    A --> E[Auxiliary Materials]
    A --> F[Insulation Plaster (Measured Separately)]

Summary: IS 1200 Part 6 mandates detailed description and separate measurement of refractory and insulation materials, mortars, and auxiliary materials used in refractory works to ensure accurate estimation and quality control.

IS 1200 Part 6: Measurement of Refractory Work (in Cubic Metres)

Key Specifications:

• Unit of Measurement: Cubic metres (m³) for all refractory work (Clause 3.3).
• Inclusions: Mortar joints, expansion joints, sliding joints included in volume.
• Deductions: Only for openings/voids > 0.01 m² (Clause 3.3).
• Applicable to: Castable refractory, rammed mass filling, loose insulation materials (mica crumbs, slag wool, asbestos powder, fireclay, carbon mass) (Clause 3.4).
• Refractory grout: Measured by theoretical volume to be grouted (Clause 3.7).

Measurement Formula:

[ \text{Volume (m}^3) = \text{Length (m)} \times \text{Width (m)} \times \text{Height (m)} ]

• Include mortar and joints thickness in dimensions.
• Subtract volume of voids/openings if each > 0.01 m² in area.

Notes:

• For irregular shapes, break into measurable geometric units.
• Use theoretical volume for grout work, not actual filled volume.

flowchart TD
    A[Refractory Work] --> B[Measure External Dimensions]
    B --> C[Include Mortar & Joints]
    C --> D[Calculate Volume (L×W×H)]
    D --> E{Voids/Openings > 0.01 m²?}
    E -- Yes --> F[Subtract Void Volume]
    E -- No --> G[No Deduction]
    F --> H[Final Volume in m³]
    G --> H

This ensures consistent, standardized measurement for billing and quality control.

IS 1200 Part 6 (1974) — Measurement of Castable Refractory & Loose Insulation

Key Points & Formulas:

• Volumetric Measurement (Clause 3.4)
  Measurement is by volume (cubic meters, m³) for:

  • Castable refractory work / concreting
  • Rammed mass filling
  • Loose insulation materials (mica crumbs, slag wool, asbestos powders, fireclay mass, carbon mass)

• Measurement Formula:
  [ \text{Volume} = \text{Length} \times \text{Width} \times \text{Thickness} ]

• Insulation Plaster (Clause 3.6)
  Measured separately in square meters (m²) over refractory surfaces.

• Description of Materials (Clause 3.2)
  All bricks, blocks, mortars, powders, and auxiliary materials (paper, cardboard, asbestos, mineral wool, water glass, coke pitch, carbon mass, special sands, admixtures) must be fully described.

Summary Table for Measurement Units

flowchart TD
    A[Start: Refractory/Insulation Work] --> B{Material Type?}
    B -->|Castable/Refractory| C[Measure Volume (m³)]
    B -->|Rammed Mass Filling| C
    B -->|Loose Insulation| C
    B -->|Insulation Plaster| D[Measure Area (m²)]
    C --> E[Describe Materials Fully]
    D --> E

Note: Always ensure full description of materials and thicknesses as per IS 1200-6 requirements for accurate measurement and billing.