Method of measurement of building and civil engineering works, Part 23: piling

IS 1200 Part 23 - Scope Summary

• Scope: Specifies the method of measurement for steel sheet piling in building and civil engineering works.
• Inclusions:
  • Formwork, links, sleeves (Clause 10.3)
  • Provision of pile shoes (Clause 6.5)
• Measurement Rules:
  • Final measured/calculated values must be rounded as per IS 2:1960 (Rounding off rules).
  • Number of significant digits in rounded values must match those in the standard.
• Referenced Standards:
  • IS 2:1960 (Rounding off rules)
  • IS 1200 Part 8 (Steelwork and ironwork measurement)
  • Specification for steel sheet piling sections

Key Points for Measurement

Rounding Off (IS 2:1960)

• Round final values to the same number of significant digits as specified.
• Example: If specified value = 12.3, round measured value to 1 decimal place.

flowchart LR
    A[Measurement] --> B[Calculate/Observe Value]
    B --> C{Round off as per IS 2:1960}
    C --> D[Match significant digits with standard]
    D --> E[Final value for compliance check]

This ensures uniformity and clarity in reporting measurements under IS 1200 Part 23.

IS 1200 Part 23: General Rules for Measurement of Piling

• Scope: Covers the method of measurement for piling works.

• Rounding Off Rules (Clause 2):

  • Final measured or calculated values must be rounded as per IS 2:1960 (Rules for rounding off numerical values).
  • The number of significant figures in the rounded value should match the number of significant figures in the specified value of the standard.

Key Points on Rounding (IS 2:1960)

Summary:

• Always maintain consistency in precision with the standard's specified values.
• Measurements must be rounded off properly to ensure compliance and uniformity.

flowchart TD
    A[Measured/Calculated Value] --> B{Check number of significant digits}
    B -->|Match standard| C[Round off as per IS 2:1960]
    B -->|Mismatch| D[Adjust precision to match standard]
    C --> E[Final value for compliance]
    D --> E

This ensures accuracy and consistency in piling measurement reporting.

IS 1200 Part 23: Method of Measurement for Precast Reinforced Concrete Piles

Key Points & Specifications:

• Description of Piles (Clauses 3.1 & 10.1):

  • Specify grade of concrete, section dimensions, and length.
  • Mention extra strength of pile heads.
  • Include details of moulds, strapping, bolts, and lifting holes in the description.

• Measurement of Bulb-based/Under-reamed Piles (Clause 7.6):

  • Measure and enumerate bulbs separately.
  • State the diameter of bulbs clearly.

• Load Testing (Clause 2.12):

  • If load testing is done, it must be specified and measured separately.

Typical Measurement Formula:

For cylindrical piles:

[ \text{Volume} = \pi \times \left(\frac{d}{2}\right)^2 \times L ]

• (d) = diameter of pile shaft (m)
• (L) = length of pile (m)

For bulb volume (assuming spherical bulbs):

[ V_{bulb} = \frac{4}{3} \pi \left(\frac{D}{2}\right)^3 ]

• (D) = diameter of bulb (m)

Summary Table:

flowchart TD
    A[Precast Pile Description] --> B[Concrete Grade]
    A --> C[Section & Length]
    A --> D[Extra Head Strength]
    A --> E[Moulds, Strapping, Bolts, Lifting Holes]
    F[Bulb-based Pile]

IS 1200 Part 23: Method of Measurement of Timber Piles

• Measurement Unit: Timber piles are measured in running metres (Clause 4.1).
• Length Measurement:
  • Up to 5.0 m: measured as actual length.
  • Beyond 5.0 m: measured in stages of 1 m each (Clause 4.1).
• Diameter Measurement:
  • Diameter is calculated from the girth measured 2 m below the large end of the pile (Clause 4.1.1).
  • Diameter, ( d = \frac{\text{Girth}}{\pi} ).
• Species & Size: The species of timber and pile size must be stated (Clause 4.1).
• Tolerance: Any permitted tolerances in cross-section must be specified.
• Concrete Lengthening: If concrete is used to lengthen piles in position, measure concrete volume separately including additional labor and excavation (Clause 3.11).
• Pile Extraction: Extraction of piles (not due to defective driving) is measured separately in square metres (Clause 8.7).

Quick Reference Formula

[ \text{Diameter} (d) = \frac{\text{Girth}}{\pi} ]

Summary Table

flowchart TD
    A[Start] --> B[Measure girth 2m below large end]
    B --> C[Calculate diameter d = Girth/π]
    C --> D[Measure length]
    D --> E{Length ≤ 5m?}
    E -- Yes --> F[Measure actual length]
    E -- No --> G[Measure first 5m + stages of 1m]
    F --> H[Record species & size]
    G --> H
    H --> I[If concrete lengthening, measure separately]
    I --> J[If

IS 1200 Part 23: Method of Measurement of Timber Sheet Piles

Key Points & Formulas:

• Measurement Unit:

  • Timber sheet piles are measured in running metres (Clause 9.1, 4.1).
  • Specify species and cross-section size.
  • Length beyond 5 m is measured in 1 m stages.

• Extraction Measurement:

  • Extraction (except defective driving) is measured separately in square metres (Clause 8.7).

• Driving Measurement:

  • Driving of timber sheet piles is measured in square metres.
  • Formula (Clause 9.3):

  [ \text{Area} = \text{Length of embedded portion} \times \frac{1}{2} \times \text{Perimeter of pile cross-section} ]

Specifications Summary:

Example:

For a timber sheet pile with embedded length = 4 m and perimeter = 0.6 m,

[ \text{Area} = 4 \times \frac{1}{2} \times 0.6 = 1.2 , m^2 ]

flowchart TD
    A[Timber Sheet Pile] --> B[Measure Length in Running Metres]
    B --> C{Length > 5 m?}
    C -- Yes --> D[Measure extra length in 1 m stages]
    C -- No --> E[Use total length]
    A --> F[Measure Driving Area]
    F --> G[Calculate: Embedded Length × 0.5 × Perimeter]
    A --> H[Measure Extraction Area separately]

IS 1200 Part 23: Method of Measurement of Cast In Situ Driven Concrete Piles

Key Points & Formulas:

• Measurement Basis (Clause 5.8):
  Measure extraction in m² = Embedded length in soil (m) × Nominal width of pile (m) from centre of clutches.
  Includes operations like lifting, handling, and removal.

• Load Testing (Clause 2.12):
  Load tests, if specified, are measured and paid for separately.

• Empty Boring (Clause 6.6):
  Measured in running metres from working ground level to pile cut-off level.
  Type of filling (if any) must be stated.

• Under-reamed or Bulb Based Piles (Clause 7.6):
  Bulbs measured separately by diameter and enumerated.

Summary Table:

Diagram: Measurement Concept for Cast In Situ Driven Pile

flowchart TD
  A[Start: Pile Extraction] --> B[Measure Embedded Length (L)]
  B --> C[Measure Nominal Width (W) from Clutches]
  C --> D[Calculate Area = L × W (m²)]
  D --> E[Include Lifting & Handling Operations]
  E --> F[Record Total Measurement]

Note: Use nominal width as per pile design drawings; embedded length is actual soil penetration depth.

IS 1200 Part 23 references IS 1200 Part 8 (1975) for detailed measurement of reinforcement.

Key Points on Measurement of Reinforcement and Liners:

• Reinforcement Measurement (Clauses 3.5, 6.3, 10.4):

  • Measured separately from concrete.

  • Includes bars embedded in pile caps.

  • Length measured along the centerline of bars.

  • Weight calculated using standard formula:

    [ \text{Weight of steel (kg)} = \text{Length (m)} \times \text{Cross-sectional area (mm}^2) \times 7.85 \times 10^{-6} ]

• Bulb Measurement in Under-reamed Piles (Clause 7.6):

  • Bulbs are measured by their diameter and length.
  • Volume calculated as a cylinder or frustum depending on shape.

• Reinforced Cement Concrete Sheet Piles (Clause 8):

  • Measurement includes length, width, thickness.
  • Reinforcement measured separately as per IS 1200 Part 8.

Reference Table: Weight of Steel per unit length for common bar diameters

flowchart TD
    A[Start: Reinforcement Measurement] --> B[Measure length along centerline]
    B --> C[Identify bar diameter]
    C --> D[Calculate weight using formula]
    D --> E[Sum all bars separately]
    E --> F[Include embedded bars in pile cap]
    F --> G[Final reinforcement quantity]

Summary: Measure reinforcement length accurately, calculate weight using standard density (7.85 g/cm³), and treat bulbs and embedded bars separately as per IS 1200 Part 8.

IS 1200 Part 23: Measurement of Driving, Handling, and Extraction of Piles

Key Specifications & Formulas:

• Measurement Basis:

  • Measured in square metres (m²).
  • Area = Length of embedded portion × (½ × Perimeter of pile section).

• Embedded Length (L):

  • From ground level where pile tip first touches soil before driving to the ultimate tip level after driving.

• Perimeter (P):

  • For sheet piles, use the perimeter as per IS 2314-1986.

Summary Table:

Notes:

• Handling, transportation, pitching are measured per occasion.
• Cutting and dressing of timber piles included in driving measurement.
• Adjacent pile engagement (interlocks/clutches) considered separately.

flowchart LR
    A[Start: Pile Tip Touches Ground] --> B[Measure Embedded Length L]
    B --> C[Determine Perimeter P from IS 2314]
    C --> D[Calculate Area = L × (P/2)]
    D --> E[Record Handling, Driving, Extraction separately]

This ensures consistent and standardized measurement for billing and quality control.

IS 1200 Part 23: Measurement of Special Operations on Sheet Piles

Key Formulas & Specifications:

• Measurement of embedded sheet piles (Clause 5.4):
  [ \text{Area (m}^2) = \text{Length of embedded portion (m)} \times \frac{1}{2} \times \text{Perimeter (m)} ]

  • Length of embedded portion = Distance from ground level (where pile tip first touches) to ultimate tip level after driving.
  • Perimeter as per IS 2314-1986 (steel sheet pile cross-section perimeter).

• Joints in piles (Clause 4.5):

  • Enumerate and describe all joints clearly.

• Under-reamed or bulb-based piles (Clause 7.6):

  • Measure bulbs separately by diameter and count.

• Special hammer/loader frame use (Clause 8.4):

  • Measure piles driven under/in water separately due to special equipment.

Summary Table:

flowchart LR
    A[Start: Sheet Pile Driving] --> B{Measure length embedded}
    B --> C[Measure perimeter (IS 2314)]
    C --> D[Calculate Area = Length × ½ Perimeter]
    D --> E{Special cases?}
    E -->|Bulb piles| F[Measure bulbs separately]
    E -->|Underwater driving| G[Measure separately with special equipment]
    E -->|Joints| H[Enumerate and describe joints]

Note: Always refer to IS 2314-1986 for exact perimeter values of sheet pile profiles.

IS 1200 Part 23: Method of Measurement for Bored Precast Concrete Piles

Key Specifications & Clauses:

• Clause 6.6:

  • Empty boring measured in running meters from working ground level to cut-off level.
  • Type of filling (e.g., bentonite, slurry) must be specified.

• Clause 9.7:

  • Extraction of piles (except defective driving) measured separately.

• Clause 10.1:

  • Piles described by:
    • Concrete grade
    • Cross-sectional size
    • Length
    • Extra strength of pile heads
    • Inclusion of mould, strapping, bolts, lifting holes.

• Clause 2.12:

  • Load testing provisions to be specified and measured separately.

Typical Measurement Formula:

[ \text{Volume of pile} = \text{Cross-sectional area} \times \text{Length} ]

Where:

• Cross-sectional area depends on pile shape (circular, square)
• Length = from ground level to cut-off level

Measurement Items Summary:

flowchart TD
    A[Start: Working Ground Level]
    --> B[Measure Empty Boring Length]
    --> C[Place Precast Pile]
    --> D[Measure Pile Length to Cut-Off Level]
    --> E[Record Concrete Grade, Size, Extra Strength]
    --> F[Measure Extraction if Applicable]
    --> G[Load Testing if Specified]

Summary:
Measure boring length separately before placing piles. Describe piles fully (grade, size, length). Extraction and load tests are additional measurements.