Code of Basic Requirements for Water Supply, Drainage and Sanitation

IS 1172: Scope & Key Specifications

Scope (Clause 2.1)

• IS 1172 covers general requirements for water supply, drainage, and sanitation in buildings.
• It references related Indian Standards essential for comprehensive design:
  • IS 2064:1993 – Sanitary appliances selection & maintenance.
  • IS 4878:1986 – Cinema building construction byelaws.
  • IS 9668:1990 – Water supply for firefighting.

Key Tables for Sanitation Fitments (Clause 5.3)

Table 2: Office Buildings (Fitments per personnel)

Table 3: Factories (Fitments per personnel)

Notes:

• *Water-closets may include European style WCs.
• For large populations (>200), add fitments at specified percentage rates.
• Applies to buildings

IS 1172: Key References, Tables & Specifications

1. References (Clause 2.1)

Essential Indian Standards adjunct to IS 1172:

2. Sanitation Fitments for Buildings (Clause 5.3)

Table for Factories (Male & Female Personnel)

Table for Office Buildings

IS 1172: General Requirements Summary

1. References (Clause 2.1)

• IS 2064:1993 – Sanitary appliances selection & maintenance
• IS 4878:1986 – Cinema building byelaws
• IS 9668:1990 – Water supply for firefighting

2. Water Supply for Non-Residential Buildings (Clause 4.2)

• Minimum water supply as per Table 1 (not provided here, refer to IS 1172).

3. Drainage & Sanitation Fitments for Office Buildings (Clause 5.3, Table 2)

Key Notes:

• Water-closets may include European style.
• Urinal count increases progressively beyond 6 male personnel.

Visual Summary (Mermaid Diagram)

flowchart TD
    A[Office Building Sanitation] --> B[Water-closets]
    A --> C[Ablution taps]
    A --> D[Urinals]
    A --> E[Wash basins]
    A --> F[Drinking fountains]
    A --> G[Cleaner’s sink]

    B --> B1[Male: 1 per 25 persons]
    B --> B2[Female: 1 per 15 persons]

    C --> C1[1 per WC + 1 per 50 nearby (Male)]
    C --> C2[1 per WC

IS 1172: Water Supply Requirements Summary

1. Water Supply for Residences (Clause 4.1)

2. Water Supply for Buildings Other Than Residences (Clause 4.2, Table 1)

3. Water Supply for Railway/Bus Stations, Airports, Seaports (Clause 6.2)

• lpcd = litres per capita per day

IS 1172: Drainage and Sanitation Key Points

1. Scope (Clause 1.1):
   Covers water supply, drainage, and sanitation for residential, commercial, industrial buildings, and public utilities like railway platforms, bus stations, airports.

2. Water Supply (Clause 4.2 & Table 1):
   Minimum water supply requirements for buildings other than residences are specified in Table 1 (liters per capita per day).

   • Example: Office buildings, hospitals, educational institutions have distinct norms.

3. Drainage & Sanitation (Clause 5.3 & Tables 2 to 12):
   Fitments (fixtures) and drainage requirements for non-residential buildings are detailed in Tables 2 to 12, covering:

   • Types of sanitary fixtures (water closets, urinals, wash basins)
   • Minimum number of fixtures per occupant or area
   • Wastewater disposal and drainage system design parameters

Typical Example: Minimum Number of Water Closets (from IS 1172)

General Formula for Fixture Count:

[ N_f = \frac{P}{R} ]
Where:

• (N_f) = Number of fixtures required
• (P) = Number of persons
• (R) = Persons per fixture (from tables)

flowchart LR
    A[Water Supply] --> B[Minimum Quantity per Person]
    A --> C[Building Type Specific]
    D[Drainage & Sanitation] --> E[Fixture Types]
    D --> F[Fixture Quantities]
    D --> G[Drainage System Design]

For detailed tables and exact fixture counts, refer to IS 1172 Tables 1-12.

IS 1172 Key Specifications for Water Supply, Drainage & Sanitation at Stations and Airports

1. Water Supply (Clause 6.2, Table 6.1)

• Note: Calculate water demand based on average daily passengers + staff/vendors.
• Consider peak seasonal demands.

2. Sanitation Facilities (Clause 6.4.1, Table 6.4)

3. General Notes

• Sanitary provisions are minimum requirements.
• Facilities must cater to waiting rooms/halls but exclude retiring rooms.
• Design must consider user load fluctuations.

flowchart TD
    A[Passenger Count] --> B[Calculate Water Demand]
    B --> C{Bathing Facilities?}
    C -->|Yes| D[Use Higher L/capita]
    C -->|No| E[Use Lower L/capita]
    D --> F[Total Water Supply]
    E --> F
    F --> G[Design Sanitary Fixtures]
    G --> H[WC & Urinals per Table 6.4]

IS 1172: Water Supply for Residences - Key Specifications

1. Water Supply Quantity (Clause 4.1)

2. Minimum Domestic Fitments in Residences (Clause 5.2.1)

• One bathroom with tap
• One water-closet (Indian style, squatting type)
• One nahani or sink with tap

If only one water-closet is provided, bath and WC must be separate.

3. General Water Demand Formula for Residences:

[ Q = P \times q ] Where:

• (Q) = Total water demand (litres/day)
• (P) = Population served
• (q) = Per capita demand (litres/day) (from table above)

Summary Table: Per Capita Water Demand for Residences

For non-residential buildings, refer to Table 1 in Clause 4.2 for specific water requirements per head/day.

flowchart TD
    A[Population Size] --> B{Type of Supply}
    B -->|Standpost| C[40 lphd]
    B -->|House Connection| D[70-100 lphd]
    A --> E{Population Range}
    E -->|20k-100k| F[100-150 lphd]
    E -->|>100k| G[150-200

IS 1172: Water Supply for Buildings Other Than Residences

Key Table: Daily Water Consumption (Table 1)

Important Notes:

• Fire demand must be considered as per IS 9668:1981.
• Water-closets are generally Indian style (squatting type) unless specified.
• For buildings with a single water-closet, bath and water-closet must be separately accommodated.

Summary:

• Use Table 1 for estimating daily water supply requirements.
• Adjust for fire demand per IS 9668.
• Design fitments per drainage and sanitation tables (Tables 2-12) for buildings other than residences.

flowchart TD
    A[Determine Building Type] --> B{Check Water Requirement}
    B -->|Factory with Bath| C[45 l/head/day]
    B -->|Factory without Bath| D[30 l/head/day]
    B -->|Hospital Beds ≤ 100| E[340 l/head/day]
    B -->|Hospital Beds > 100| F[450 l/head/day]
    B -->|Nurses' Home| G[135 l/head/day]
    B -->|Hostel| G
    B -->|Hotel| H[180 l/head/day]
    B -->|Office| I[45 l/head/day]
    B -->|Restaurant| J[70 l/seat/day]
    B -->|Cinema/Theatre| K[15 l/seat/day]
    B -->|School Day| L[45 l/head/day]
    B -->|

IS 1172: Sanitary Fitments for Various Building Types

1. Office Buildings (Table 2, Clause 5.3)

2. Factories (Table 3, Clause 5.3)

3. Residences (Clause 5.2.1)

• At least:
  • 1 bathroom with tap

IS 1172: Plumbing Fixture Provisions - Key Data

1. General Water Supply Requirements (Clause 3.2)

• Water volume & pressure must be sufficient for satisfactory fixture operation under normal use.

2. Minimum Fixture Provision for Residences (Clause 5.2.1)

• At least:
  • One bathroom with a tap
  • One water-closet (Indian style squatting type)
  • One nahani or sink with tap

If only one water-closet, bath & WC must be separate.

3. Water Consumption Rates (Table 1)

4. Fixture Requirements for Office Buildings (Clause 5.3)

IS 1172: Drainage System Design - Key Points

1. Drainage Design Principles (Clause 6.3)

• Design to prevent stagnation at maximum discharge rate.
• Ensure adequate slope and pipe sizing for self-cleansing velocity.
• Consider peak flow from all fixtures as per usage.

2. Fitments & Fixture Units (Clause 5.3)

• Use Tables 2 to 12 for:
  • Number and types of fixtures.
  • Corresponding drainage pipe sizes.
  • Fixture unit values for different building types (commercial, institutional, etc.).

3. Minimum Water Supply (Clause 4.2)

• Refer Table 1 for minimum water supply requirements.
• Critical for sizing drainage to handle wastewater volume.

Typical Drainage Design Formulas:

Example: Fixture Unit to Pipe Size (Indicative)

flowchart LR
    Fixtures --> FixtureUnits[Assign Fixture Units]
    FixtureUnits --> PipeSizing[Determine Pipe Size]
    PipeSizing --> Slope[Apply Minimum Slope]
    Slope --> FlowCapacity[Check Flow Capacity]
    FlowCapacity --> DrainageSystem[Design Drainage Layout]

Summary:
Use IS 1172 Tables 1-12 for fixture units and pipe sizing. Design drainage to handle peak discharge without stagnation, ensuring minimum slopes and self-cleansing velocities.

IS 1172: Safety and Maintenance - Key Specifications

1. Sanitation Fitments (Clause 5.3)

For Buildings Other Than Residences (Factories, Offices, etc.), the number of sanitary fitments depends on personnel strength:

2. Maintenance References (Clause 2.1)

• IS 2064:1993 — Selection, installation, and maintenance of sanitary appliances
• IS 9668:1990 — Water supplies for firefighting maintenance
• IS 4878:1986 — Byelaws for cinema buildings (relevant for special cases)

Formula for Additional Water-Closets (Factories example):

• For males:

  • 101 to 200 persons: Add 3% per additional person
  • Over 200 persons: Add 2.5% per additional person

• For females:

  • 101 to 200 persons: Add 5% per additional person
  • Over 200 persons: Add 4% per additional person

Summary Diagram of Fitment Allocation by Personnel Count

flowchart TD
    A[Personnel Count] --> B{Type of Building}
    B -->|Factory| C[Refer Table 3]
    B -->|Office| D[Refer Table 2]
    C --> E[Water

IS 1172: Special Provisions for Lower Income Groups - Key Specifications

1. Sanitation Fitments (Clause 5.3) for Buildings Other Than Residences

2. Water Supply Requirements (Table 1)

3. Dwellings (Clause 5.2.1)

• Minimum fitments:
  • One bathroom with tap
  • One water-closet (Indian/squatting type)
  • One nahani or sink with tap

Notes:

• Water-closets are generally Indian style unless otherwise specified.
• For fire demand, refer IS 9668:1981.
• Ablution taps and urinals are provided based on population thresholds.

flowchart LR
    A[Population] --> B{Type of Building}
    B -->

IS 1172 Key Points: Scavenging & Refuse Disposal

1. Scavenging Arrangements (Clause 6.4.3)

• Refuse containers must be provided at convenient points.
• Number of containers recommended:
  • 15 containers for 400 persons
  • 20 containers for 600 persons
  • 25 containers for 1000 persons

2. Drainage Design (Clause 6.3)

• Design drainage to avoid stagnation at maximum discharge.
• Ensure satisfactory drainage of sewage and wastewater.

3. Sanitation Fitments for Factories (Clause 5.3, Table 3)

4. Additional Notes

• For populations >200, add fitments at specified percentage rates.
• Ensure refuse containers and drainage are adequate to maintain hygiene.

flowchart LR
  A[People] --> B[Refuse Containers]
  B -->|15 for 400| C[Convenient Points]
  B -->|20 for 600| C
  B -->|25 for 1000| C
  A --> D[Sanitation Fitments]
  D --> E[Water-closets]
  D --> F[Urinals (Male)]
  D --> G[Ablution Taps]
  D --> H[Washing Taps]
  D --> I[Drinking Fountains]

Summary: Provide adequate refuse containers based on population, design drainage to avoid stagnation, and follow fitment tables for sanitation facilities per IS 1172

IS 1172: Notes and Definitions - Key Specifications for Buildings Other Than Residences

Fitments & Sanitation Requirements (Clause 5.3)

Factories (Clause 5.3)

• Water-closets for males and females vary incrementally with personnel count (e.g., 1 WC for 1-15 males, 2 for 16-35, etc.).
• Urinals follow similar incremental provisions for males only.
• Ablution taps: 1 per WC plus 1 tap per 50 persons nearby.
• Baths/showers provided as per trade requirements.

Reference IS Codes (Clause 2.1)

• IS 2064:1993 – Sanitary appliance selection & maintenance
• IS 4878:1986 – Cinema building byelaws
• IS 9668:1990 – Water supply for firefighting

Summary Formula for Water-Closets (Offices):

[ \text{Number of WCs} = \left\lceil \frac{\text{Number of persons}}{25} \right\rceil \quad \text{(male)}, \quad \left\lceil \frac{\text{Number of persons}}{15} \right\rceil \quad \text{(female)} ]

flowchart TD
    A[Number of Persons] --> B{Type of Building}
    B -->|Office| C[Calculate WCs, Urinals, Taps