logs for matches

IS 1140: Scope Summary & Key Specifications

Scope:
IS 1140 covers the specifications for timber logs and their treatment for use in match manufacture and related applications.

Key Points from IS 1140:

• Preservative Treatment (Clause 7.1):

  • Immediately after felling, log ends and bark-uncovered portions must be treated with preservatives and moisture barriers.
  • Follow IS 401-1982 (Preservation), IS 1141-1973 (Seasoning), and IS 9104-1979 (Storage & Protection).

• Inspection of Logs (Clause 5.1):

  • Logs should be inspected for defects and rejections before use.

• Species Suitable for Match Manufacture (Table 1):

  • Lists botanical and trade names of timber species suitable for splints and boxes.
  • Example species:
    • Ailanthus spp. (Maharukh & Gokul) - Splints only
    • Alstonia scholaris (Chatian) - Splints only
    • Canarium strictum (White Dhup) - Boxes only
    • Populus spp. (Poplar) - Both splints and boxes

Quick Reference Table: Timber Species Suitability

Contact for Standards & Clarifications:

• Manak Bhavan, New Delhi: +91-11-3310131, 3311375
• Regional & branch offices available across India (Calcutta, Bombay, Bangalore, etc.)

This concise scope ensures proper species selection, treatment, and quality control for timber used in match manufacturing per IS 1140.

IS 1140 - Definitions & Key Specifications

1. Definitions (Clause 2.1):

   • Timber terms and definitions follow IS 707-1976 (Timber Terminology Standard).

2. Defects Inspection (Clause 5.1):

   • Logs must be inspected for defects and rejected if unsuitable.

3. Species Suitable for Match Manufacture (Table 1, Clause 3.1):

   • Lists botanical and trade names of timber species classified for use in Splints and Boxes.
   • Example species suitable for splints: Ailanthus spp., Alstonia scholaris, Anthocephalus chinensis.
   • Suitable for boxes: Canarium strictum, Mangifera indica, Popalus spp.
   • Markings: x = suitable, - = unsuitable.

4. Preservative Treatment (Clause 7.1):

   • Ends and bark-uncovered log portions should be treated as per:
     • IS 401-1982 (Preservation of Timber)
     • IS 1141-1973 (Seasoning of Timber)
     • IS 9104-1979 (Storage & Protection of Logs)

Quick Reference Table (Species Suitability)

Summary Diagram: Timber Processing Flow

flowchart TD
    A[Felling Trees] --> B[Log Inspection for Defects]
    B -->|Pass| C[Preservative Treatment (IS 401, 1141)]
    B -->|Fail| D[Reject Logs]
    C --> E[Seasoning & Storage (IS 9104)]
    E --> F[Manufacture of Matches (Splints/Boxes)]

Note: For detailed definitions, refer to IS 707-1976. For treatment and preservation, follow relevant IS

IS 1140 - Species of Timber for Match Manufacture

Key Specifications (Clause 3.1 & Table 1):

• Timber species for match splints and boxes must be from Table 1 or agreed upon by purchaser and supplier.
• Suitability is indicated by:
  • Selected (×) for splints (thin wood strips)
  • Selected (×) for boxes
  • Unselected (-) means unsuitable for that use

Important Timber Species (Selected Uses):

Notes:

• Logs must be inspected for defects (Clause 5.1).
• Other species may be used with prior agreement.
• Refer IS 707-1976 for timber definitions.

flowchart TD
    A[Logs for Match Manufacture]
    A --> B{Species from Table 1?}
    B -->|Yes| C[Use for Splints or Boxes]
    B -->|No| D[Agreement with Purchaser Required]
    C --> E{Splints?}
    E -->|Yes| F[Use species marked × for Splints]
    E -->|No| G[Use species marked × for Boxes]

This ensures selection of appropriate timber species for quality match production per IS 1140.

IS 1140: General Requirements Summary

1. Timber Species (Clause 3.1 & Table 1)

• Logs for matchbox/splint manufacture must be from specified species (e.g., Ailanthus spp., Alstonia scholaris, Melia composite, Populus spp.).
• Species suitability indicated as:
  • Splints (×): Selected species
  • Boxes (-): Unselected species

2. Log Treatment (Clause 7.1 & Table 7)

• Immediately after felling, log ends and bark-uncovered portions must be treated with:
  • Preservative treatment (per IS 401-1982)
  • Moisture barrier coating (per IS 1141-1973, IS 9104-1979)

3. Inspection for Defects (Clause 5.1 & Table 5)

• Logs must be inspected for defects and rejected if not conforming.

Key References for Treatment & Seasoning

Quick Checklist for General Requirements

• Use only approved species (Table 1).
• Treat logs immediately post-felling.
• Inspect logs for defects before acceptance.
• Follow IS codes for preservation and seasoning strictly.

flowchart TD
    A[Felling of Trees] --> B[Treat log ends & exposed bark]
    B --> C[Preservative Treatment (IS 401)]
    B --> D[Moisture Barrier Coat (IS 1141, IS 9104)]
    C & D --> E[Inspection for Defects]
    E --> F[Accept or Reject Logs]

This ensures durability and quality compliance for match manufacturing timber per IS 1140.

IS 1140: Defects and Rejections – Key Points

• Clause 5.1: Logs must be inspected for defects before use.

• Permissible Defects (Clauses 5.2 to 5.19): Various defects like dote, rot, cracks, etc., are allowed within limits.

• Clause 5.4 (Dote, Rot, Cracks):

  • Allowed if penetration ≤ 12 mm.
  • If >12 mm, girth deduction = 6 × max penetration.

• Clause 5.13 (Hollow Centre):

  • Hollow centres > 50 mm diameter are defects.
  • Deduct length = hollow length + 30 cm from log length.
  • Logs with plugged centres are rejected entirely.

• Clause 5.20 (Total Defects):

  • Max 4 defects per 1 m length of log allowed collectively.

Summary Table for Defect Limits

Visual: Defect Inspection Flow

flowchart TD
    A[Inspect Log] --> B{Defects Present?}
    B -- No --> C[Accept Log]
    B -- Yes --> D{Defect Type?}
    D --> E[Dote/Rot/Cracks]
    D --> F[Hollow Centre]
    D --> G[Plugged Centre]
    E --> H{Penetration ≤ 12 mm?}
    H -- Yes --> I[Accept with defect]
    H -- No --> J[Deduct girth = 6 × penetration]
    F --> K{Diameter ≤ 50 mm?}
    K -- Yes --> L[Accept with defect]
    K -- No --> M[Deduct length = hollow + 30 cm]
    G --> N[

IS 1140: Grading and Measurement of Logs for Matches

1. Grading (Clause 6.1 & 2.5)

• Grade 1:

  • Mid-girth ≥ 90 cm
  • Length ≥ 2.5 m

• Grade 2:

  • Mid-girth ≥ 90 cm
  • Length between 1 m and 2.5 m

2. Measurement (Clause 6.2)

• Length:

  • Measured in meters
  • Rounded down to nearest 0.05 m (e.g., 2.57 m → 2.55 m)

• Girth:

  • Measured in centimeters
  • Rounded down to nearest 1 cm (e.g., 92.7 cm → 92 cm)

3. Defect Limitation (Clause 5.20)

• Maximum 4 defects per 1 m length of log allowed, considering defects from clauses 5.2 to 5.19 collectively.

Summary Table

This ensures logs meet quality and size for match manufacturing.

IS 1140: Treatment of Logs for Match Manufacture (Clause 7.1)

Key Specifications:

• Timing: Treatment must be applied soon after felling.
• Areas Treated: Ends and portions of logs uncovered by bark.
• Treatment Types:
  • Preservative treatment
  • Moisture barrier coating
• Standards Referenced:
  • IS 401:1982 (Code of Practice for Preservation of Timber)
  • IS 1141:1973 (Code of Practice for Seasoning of Timber)
  • IS 9104:1979 (Guide for Storage and Protection of Logs and Sawn Timber)

Special Note (7.1.1):
For species highly susceptible to blue stain fungi (e.g., Rubber wood, Semul), the entire log must be treated, not just ends and exposed parts.

Treatment Process Summary

Important Considerations

• Preservative Types: Copper-based, creosote, or other approved preservatives per IS 401.
• Moisture Barrier: To reduce moisture ingress and fungal attack.
• Inspection: Logs must be inspected for defects (Clause 5.1) and treated accordingly.
• Defect Limits: Blue stain and rot penetration ≤ 12 mm allowed; beyond that, deductions apply.

flowchart TD
    A[Felling of Trees] --> B[Apply Treatment on Ends & Exposed Areas]
    B --> C{Species Susceptibility}
    C -->|Highly Susceptible| D[Treat Whole Log]
    C -->|Others| E[Store as per IS 9104]
    D --> E
    E --> F[Inspection & Quality Control]

For detailed preservative types and application methods, refer to IS 401:1982.

IS 1140: Quality Control & Inspection - Key Points

1. Preservative Treatment (Clause 7.1):

• Immediately after felling, ends and bark-uncovered portions of logs must receive preservative treatment and moisture barrier coating.
• Follow standards:
  • IS 401-1982 (Timber preservation)
  • IS 1141-1973 (Seasoning of timber)
  • IS 9104-1979 (Storage & protection guide)

2. Inspection for Defects (Clause 5.1 & 5.20):

• Logs inspected for defects; total defects ≤ 4 per 1 m length of log.
• Defects include cracks, knots, rot, etc. (refer to clauses 5.2 to 5.19 for types).

3. Grading & Measurement:

• Logs graded based on defect severity and species suitability (see Table 1 for species).
• Measurement follows IS 1140 guidelines (no specific clause number).

Summary Table: Defects Allowed

Timber Species Suitability (Excerpt from Table 1)

flowchart TD
    A[Felling of Trees] --> B[Immediate Treatment]
    B --> C[Preservative & Moisture Barrier]
    C --> D[Inspection for Defects]
    D --> E{Defects ≤ 4 per 1m?}
    E -- Yes --> F[Grading & Measurement]
    E -- No --> G[Reject Log]

For detailed defect types and grading criteria, refer to clauses 5.2 to 5.19 and IS 1140 full text.

IS 1140: Packaging and Supply Conditions - Key Points

1. Preservative Treatment (Clause 7.1)

• Immediately after felling, log ends and bark-uncovered portions must be treated with preservatives and moisture barriers.
• Follow standards:
  • IS 401: Code of Practice for Preservation of Timber (1982)
  • IS 1141: Code of Practice for Seasoning of Timber (1973)
  • IS 9104: Guide for Storage and Protection of Logs and Sawn Timber (1979)

2. Timber Species for Match Manufacture (Clause 3.1, Table 1)

• Logs should be from approved species (selected for splints or boxes).
• Examples of selected species for splints:
  • Ailanthus spp. (maharukh, gokul)
  • Alstonia scholaris (chatian)
  • Endospermum spp. (bakota)
  • Melia composite (malabar neem)
  • Populus spp. (poplar)
• Species for boxes differ; refer to Table 1 for full list.

3. Inspection (Clause 5.1)

• Logs must be inspected for defects before acceptance.

Summary Table: Preservation Treatment

Packaging & Supply Flow (Mermaid Diagram)

flowchart TD
    A[Felling of Trees] --> B[Treatment of Ends & Bark-uncovered Portions]
    B --> C[Preservative & Moisture Barrier Coating]
    C --> D[Inspection for Defects]
    D --> E[Packaging & Supply]

For detailed species selection and treatment methods, consult IS 1140 and referenced IS codes.

IS 1140 Key Tables & Specifications Summary

1. Preservative Treatment (Clause 7.1)

• Logs must receive preservative and moisture barrier treatment immediately after felling.
• Follow:
  • IS 401:1982 – Code of practice for preservation of timber.
  • IS 1141:1973 – Code of practice for seasoning of timber.
  • IS 9104:1979 – Guide for storage and protection of logs and sawn timber.

2. Inspection of Logs (Clause 5.1)

• Logs inspected for defects and rejection criteria.
• Refer to glossary for timber technology terms.

3. Table 1: Species Suitable for Match Manufacture (Clause 3.1)

• Note: "✓" means suitable; "-" means unsuitable.

Practical Notes

• Preservation: Timely treatment prevents decay and insect attack.
• Species Selection: Use species from Table 1 depending on product (splints or boxes).
• Defect Inspection: Ensure logs are free from major defects for quality.

flowchart LR
    A[Felling of Trees] --> B[Preservative Treatment]
    B --> C[Moisture Barrier Coating]
    C --> D[Storage & Protection]
    D --> E[Inspection for Defects]
    E --> F[Selection of Suitable Logs]
    F --> G[Match Manufacture]
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