Code of practice for fixing and glazing of metal (steel and aluminium) doors, windows and ventilators

IS 1081: Scope Summary & Key Specifications

• Scope:
  Covers recommended methods for fixing and glazing metal doors, windows, and ventilators, focusing on installation, materials, and workmanship.

• Fixing Materials (Table 7.1):

• General Conditions (Appendix A):

  • Holes in masonry cut by fixing contractor; holes in steel/RC made by general contractor.
  • Fixing contractor responsible for grouting and making good; general contractor for plastering.
  • Scaffolding provided by general contractor.
  • No painting or cleaning responsibility for fixing contractor, except leaving surfaces clean.

• Important Note (Clause 11.2.5):
  Paint shall not be applied on working parts (pins, hinges) to avoid impeding free action.

flowchart TD
    A[General Contractor] -->|Provide holes in steel/RC| B[Fixing Contractor]
    B -->|Cut holes in masonry| C[Fixing & Glazing]
    C -->|Fix units & grout| D[Make good]
    A -->|Provide scaffolding| B
    B -->|Leave clean surfaces| E[Completion]

This concise summary captures the scope, fixing materials, and key responsibilities per IS 1081.

IS 1081: Definitions & Fixing Materials Summary

Clause 2.0 - Definitions

• Provides standard definitions applicable throughout the code.
• Essential for consistent understanding of terms related to doors, windows, ventilators, and their fixing.

Clause 7.1 - Fixing Materials (Table I)

Key Notes:

• Use galvanized fasteners to prevent corrosion.
• Length of screws varies with fixing surface (rebated vs. plain jambs).
• Steelwork fixings require bolts and clips for secure attachment.

flowchart TD
    A[Fixing to Surround] --> B[Wooden Frame Rebated]
    A --> C[Concrete/Stone/Brick Rebated]
    A --> D[Concrete/Stone/Brick Plain Jambs]
    A --> E[Direct to Brick/Masonry]
    A --> F[Steelwork]

    B -->|38 mm x No.10 Galv. Wood Screws| G[Fixing Material]
    C -->|Same as B| G
    D -->|63 mm x No.10 Galv. Wood Screws| G
    E -->|Slotted Steel Adjustable Lugs| G
    F -->|Standard Clips + 8 mm Galv. Bolts| G

This concise table and diagram summarize IS 1081 fixing specifications for doors/windows/ventilators.

IS 1081: Types of Openings – Key Points & Specifications

1. Types of Openings (Clause 4.1)

• Openings for metal doors, windows, ventilators can be in:
  • Masonry (brick, concrete, stone, marble)
  • Timber
  • Steelwork

2. Steelwork Openings (Clause 4.1.3)

• Frame outer flange must overlap steel surface (internal/external).
• Ensures proper fixing and structural stability.

3. Size of Openings (Clause 4.2)

• Overall opening size must allow clearance between frame and opening.
• Clearance depends on:
  • Externally rendered openings: Larger clearance for rendering thickness.
  • Fair-faced openings: Smaller clearance.

4. Mastic (Clause 3.2)

• Mastic type and quality to be agreed between purchaser and supplier.
• Used for sealing and fixing.

Summary Diagram: Fixing Metal Frame to Opening

flowchart LR
    A[Opening Type] --> B[Masonry]
    A --> C[Timber]
    A --> D[Steelwork]
    D --> E[Frame flange overlaps steel surface]
    B --> F[Allow clearance for rendering/fair-faced]
    C --> F

Ensure:

• Proper overlap for steel openings.
• Adequate clearance for frame insertion.
• Mastic compatibility for sealing.

IS 1081 - Materials for Fixing Doors, Windows, and Ventilators

Key Fixing Materials (Clause 7.1, Table I)

Additional Notes:

• For composite units, follow Clause 8.0 and 6.18 for cleaning and fixing procedures.
• Use galvanized materials to prevent corrosion.
• Ensure proper embedment length for screws/bolts for secure fixing.

Summary Diagram

flowchart TD
    A[Fixing Surround] -->|Wooden frame rebated| B[38 mm x No.10 Galv. Wood-screws]
    A -->|Plugs in concrete, rebated| B
    A -->|Plugs in concrete, not rebated| C[63 mm x No.10 Galv. Wood-screws]
    A -->|Direct to masonry| D[Slotted Steel Adjustable Lugs]
    A -->|Steelwork| E[Standard Clips + 8 mm Galv. Bolts]

This table and procedure ensure secure, corrosion-resistant fixing per IS 1081 standards.

IS 1081: Handling of Doors, Windows and Ventilators

1. Modular Opening Size (Clause 12.5)

• Opening size = Door/Window size + 12.5 mm (½ in) all around
• Gap allows fixing and is filled with mastic cement and plaster for masonry.
• For steel/timber frames, use extra fillets to cover the 12.5 mm gap.

2. Fixing Materials (Clause 7.1, Table I)

3. Additional Notes

• For composite metal units (steel/aluminium), follow the specific code of practice for fixing and glazing.
• Ensure corrosion protection by using galvanized fasteners.

flowchart TD
    A[Modular Opening] --> B[Opening = Unit Size + 12.5 mm gap]
    B --> C{Type of Surround}
    C -->|Wooden rebated| D[Use 38 mm No.10 galvanized screws]
    C -->|Concrete/stone rebated| D
    C -->|Concrete/stone plain| E[Use 63 mm No.10 galvanized screws]
    C -->|Brick/masonry plain| F[Use slotted steel adjustable lugs]
    C -->|Steelwork| G[Use clips + 8 mm galvanized bolts]

This summary ensures proper fixing methods and gap allowance for standard Indian doors, windows, and ventilators per IS 1081.

IS 1081 Fixing Procedures: Key Specifications & Materials

1. Fixing Materials (Clause 7.1, Table I)

2. Additional Fixing Guidelines

• Composite units: Follow Clause 6 & 8 (8.1 to 8.6) for fixing composite doors/windows.
• Plugs: Use white metal plugs if precise setting is difficult (Clause 6.12.1).
• Cleanliness: Remove cement/plaster splatter immediately during fixing (Clause 6.18).

Summary Diagram of Fixing Methods

graph TD
A[Surround Type] --> B[Wooden Frame Rebated Outside]
A --> C[Plugs in Concrete/Stone Rebated]
A --> D[Plugs in Concrete/Stone Not Rebated]
A --> E[Direct Brick/Masonry]
A --> F[Steelwork]

B -->|Fix with| G[38 mm × No. 10 Galvanized Wood Screws]
C -->|Fix with| G
D -->|Fix with| H[63 mm × No. 10 Galvanized Wood Screws]
E -->|Fix with| I[Slotted Steel Adjustable Lugs]
F -->|Fix with| J[Standard Clips + 8 mm Bolts & Nuts]

This ensures durable, standardized fixing per IS 1081.

IS 1081 - Fixing Materials for Doors, Windows, and Ventilators (Clause 7.1, Table I)

Additional Specifications:

• Clause 6.18: Remove cement/plaster splatters immediately when fixing aluminum frames.
• Clause 11.2.5: Do not paint working parts (hinge pins, handles) to avoid impediment.
• Appendix A: Fixing contractor responsibilities include cutting holes, grouting, making good, but NOT painting or cleaning glass panes.

Summary Diagram of Fixing Methods:

graph TD
    A[Fixing Surround] -->|Wooden frame rebated| B[38 mm × No.10 galvanized screws]
    A -->|Plugs in concrete/stone rebated| B
    A -->|Plugs in concrete/stone plain jambs| C[63 mm × No.10 galvanized screws]
    A -->|Direct masonry plain jambs| D[Slotted steel adjustable lugs]
    A -->|Steelwork| E[Standard clips + 8 mm galvanized bolts]

This table and notes ensure proper, durable fixing per IS 1081 standards.

IS 1081: Procedure for Fixing Composite Units

Key Points from Clauses 7 & 8:

• Fixing Materials (Table I, Clause 7.1):

• General Procedure for Composite Units (Clause 8.0):

  • Follow fixing methods as for single units (Clause 6).
  • Additional provisions in Clauses 8.1 to 8.6 must be met.

• Important Handling (Clause 5.2):

  • Aluminium frames must not contact wet cement/mortar.
  • Protect aluminium with loose tarpaulin covering for air circulation to avoid condensation.

• Fixing to Steelwork (Clause 6.15):

  • Apply mastic as per Clause 6.14.
  • Use special fixing clips or nuts and bolts supplied with the unit.

Summary Fixing Procedure for Composite Units:

1. Select fixing material per Table I based on surround type.
2. Protect aluminium frames from wet mortar during installation.
3. Apply mastic when fixing to steelwork.
4. Use special clips/bolts as per manufacturer instructions.
5. Ensure alignment and sealing as per Clauses 8.1–8.6.

flowchart TD
    A[Start: Composite Unit Fixing] --> B{Surround Type?}
    B -->|Wooden frame rebated| C[Use 38mm No.10 galvanized screws]
    B -->|Concrete/Stone rebated| C
    B -->|Concrete/Stone plain| D[Use 63mm No.10 galvanized screws]
    B -->|Brick/Masonry plain| E[Use slotted steel adjustable lugs]
    B -->|Steelwork| F[

IS 1081: Hardware Installation and Protection - Key Points

1. Fixing Materials (Clause 7.1, Table I)

2. Fixing Procedure (Clause 9.1)

• Remove hardware before fixing units.
• Secure moving parts with wire/string during erection to avoid damage.

3. Painting (Clause 11.2.5)

• Do not paint working parts (handle pins, hinge pins) to ensure free movement.

4. Normal Conditions (Appendix A)

• Holes in brick/concrete to be cut by fixing contractor.
• Holes in steel/reinforced concrete to be pre-made by general contractor.
• Fixing contractor responsible for grouting and making good.
• General contractor provides scaffolding.
• Fixing contractor cleans units but not responsible for painting or washing glass.

Summary Table for Fixing Screws

flowchart LR
    A[Prepare Surround] --> B{Type of Surround}
    B -->|Wooden Frame Rebated| C[Use 38mm x No.10 Galv. Screws]
    B -->|Concrete/Stone Rebated| C
    B -->|Concrete/

Key Specifications & Formulas for Glazing (IS 1081)

1. Glazing Securing (Clause 2.4 & 10.5):

• Glass must be secured by special spring glazing clips (see IS:1038-1975 for clip numbers).
• Clips inserted in pre-drilled holes before applying front putty.

2. Bead Fixing (Clause 10.8.2):

• Beads depend on glass thickness.
• Fix with screws:
  • Max 10 cm (4 in) from each corner
  • Max 20 cm (8 in) apart
• Doors/windows must be pre-drilled accordingly.

3. Double Glazing (Clause 100):

• Standard sections unsuitable for double glazing.
• Use deeper rebates and glazing nibs or special frames/inserts.

4. Painting (Clause 11.2.5):

• Do not paint working parts (hinge pins, handle pins) to avoid impediment.

5. Fixing & Glazing Responsibilities (Appendix A):

• Fixing contractor: cuts holes in brick/concrete blocks; fixes units to prepared openings.
• General contractor: prepares steelwork/reinforced concrete holes, corrects opening misalignments, scaffolding, plastering, and painting.

Glazing Bead Screw Spacing Table

Diagram: Glazing Bead Fixing Points

graph LR
A[Glass Pane] --> B[Glazing Bead]
B --> C[Screw at corner (max 10 cm)]
B --> D[Screw along bead (max 20 cm apart)]

Additional Notes:

• Follow IS:420-1953 for putty specifications.
• Ensure glass cleaning after fixing but before handover.
• Use spring clips as per IS:1038-1975 for secure fixing.

This ensures structural integrity, ease of maintenance, and long-term durability of glazing in metal doors/windows.

IS 1081 - Painting and Finishing: Key Points & Specifications

1. Painting on Working Parts (Clause 11.2.5)

• Do not paint working parts (handle pins, hinge pins, etc.) where paint can impede free movement.

2. Site Finishing (Clause 11.2)

• Apply undercoat + finishing coat after touch-ups.
• Aluminium frames do not require site painting.

3. Ungalvanized Surfaces (Clause 11.2.1)

• Undercoat:
  • Need not be rust-inhibitive.
  • Must resist moisture, weather, and be compatible with primer.
  • Lead-based paints generally suitable.
• Finishing coat:
  • Tough, hard, smooth.
  • Suitable for external use.
  • Compatible with undercoat.

4. Galvanized Surfaces (Clause 11.2.2)

• Undercoat adhesion is critical.
• Methods before painting:
  • Natural etching: Weathering for months.
  • Chemical etching: Copper-free mordant (phosphoric acid-based).
  • Primer application (preferred): Calcium plumbate primer with ≥70% calcium plumbate pigment.
• Final coat: Same as ungalvanized surfaces.

5. Normal Conditions for Fixing & Glazing (Appendix A)

• Holes for fixing in brick/concrete blocks cut by fixing contractor.
• Holes in steel/reinforced concrete prepared by general contractor.
• Fixing contractor responsible for grouting and making good.
• General contractor responsible for scaffolding, plastering, painting.

Summary Table for Painting on Surfaces

flowchart TD
    A[Surface Type] --> B[Ungalvanized]
    A --> C[Galvan

IS 1081: Key Points on General Conditions Governing Fixing and Glazing

1. General Responsibilities (Appendix A)

• Fixing/glazing contractor cuts holes in brick/hollow concrete blocks; holes in steel/reinforced concrete are provided by general contractor.
• Contractor fixes units to prepared openings; general contractor must ensure openings are plumb and to size.
• Contractor responsible for grouting and making good; plastering/rendering in reveals is by general contractor.
• Scaffolding provided by general contractor free of charge.
• Contractor cleans glass but not responsible for washing or painting.

2. Fixing Materials (Clause 7.1, Table I)

3. Glazing Fixing (Clause 10.5)

• Glass secured by special spring glazing clips per IS:1038-1975.
• Clips inserted in pre-drilled holes before applying front putty.

4. Important Notes

• Paint must not be applied to working parts (hinge pins, handle pins) to avoid impeding free action (Clause 11.2.5).
• Fixing should allow for structural movement without transmitting strain to doors/windows.

5. Typical Masonry Opening Dimensions

flowchart LR
    A[Prepared Opening by General Contractor] --> B[Fixing Contractor Cuts Holes]
    B --> C[Fixing Contractor Fixes Units

IS 1081 - General Responsibilities & Fixing/Glazing Key Points

Responsibilities (Appendix A - Clause 0.4)

• Fixing & glazing contractor:
  • Cuts holes in brick/hollow concrete blocks.
  • Fixes units to prepared openings; corrects if openings are not plumb or to size.
  • Responsible for grouting and making good doors/windows in openings.
  • Leaves doors, windows, ventilators, and glass clean.
  • Does not paint or clean glass panes.
• General contractor:
  • Prepares holes in steel/reinforced concrete as per manufacturer drawings.
  • Corrects opening misalignments.
  • Provides scaffolding free of charge.
  • Carries out plastering/rendering in reveals.

Fixing Materials (Clause 7.1, Table I)

Glazing (Clause 10.5)

• Use special spring glazing clips (per IS 1038-1975) inserted in pre-drilled holes before applying front putty.

Important Notes

• Paint must not be applied on working parts (hinge pins, handle pins) to avoid impeding movement (Clause 11.2.5).
• Skilled fitters must adjust windows to avoid twist/bend.
• Movement of structure should not transmit strain to doors/windows.

Diagram: Fixing Responsibility Flow

flowchart TD
    A[General Contractor] -->|Prepares holes in steel/RC| B[Fixing Contractor]
    A -->|Corrects opening misalignments| B
    A -->|Provides scaffolding| B
    B -->|Cuts holes in brick/block| C[Fixing & Glazing]
   

IS 1081:1960 (Amendment October 1980) covers the Code of Practice for Fixing and Glazing of Metal (Steel and Aluminium) Doors, Windows, and Ventilators. Key points include:

Key Specifications:

• Fixing Methods: Use of screws, bolts, and welding for metal frames.
• Glazing: Provision for glass thickness and type based on frame size.
• Sealants & Gaskets: Recommended for weatherproofing and vibration resistance.
• Frame Tolerances: Dimensional limits for fitting and alignment.

Important Tables (Typical):

Key Formulas:

• Allowable Glass Load:
  [ q = \frac{P}{A} ]
  where (P) = load on glass, (A) = area of glass panel.

• Fixing Spacing:
  Maximum spacing of screws/bolts = 450 mm for frames.

Summary:

• Use 4-6 mm glass depending on frame size.
• Fixings spaced at max 450 mm.
• Sealants mandatory for weatherproofing.
• Follow dimensional tolerances for proper fitting.

flowchart LR
    A[Metal Frame] --> B[Fixing: Screws/Bolts/Welding]
    B --> C[Glazing: Glass Thickness & Size]
    C --> D[Sealants & Gaskets]
    D --> E[Weatherproof & Vibration Resistance]

For detailed tables and installation steps, refer to the full IS 1081:1960 document with October 1980 amendment.