Methods of test for preformed fillers for expansion joints in concrete paving and structural construction

IS 10566: Scope & Key Specifications

• Scope (Clause 3.1):
  Determines the length, width, and thickness of preformed expansion joint fillers used in concrete.

• Key Procedures (Clause 2.1):

  • Accurate dimension measurement of fillers.
  • Water absorption calculated by volume.
  • Density determination included.
  • Percentage recovery method under review.

• Testing (Clause 10.3.1):
  After 10 freeze-thaw cycles, specimens are dried for 48 hours at room temperature and checked for disintegration.

• Units (SI System):

  • Length: metre (m)
  • Mass: kilogram (kg)
  • Pressure/Stress: pascal (Pa) = 1 N/m²
  • Force: newton (N) = 1 kg·m/s²

• Rounding Off:
  Follow IS 2-1960 for rounding numerical results.

Important Formula for Water Absorption (Volume basis):

[ \text{Water Absorption (%)} = \frac{V_{\text{wet}} - V_{\text{dry}}}{V_{\text{dry}}} \times 100 ]

Where:

• (V_{\text{wet}}) = Volume after immersion
• (V_{\text{dry}}) = Dry volume

This standard ensures dimensional accuracy, durability, and resilience of expansion joint fillers in concrete structures.

IS 10566: Sampling and Specimen Preparation Key Points

• Specimen Size:

  • Cut test specimens of 100 mm × 100 mm square (Clauses 2.1, 6.2, 7.2).
  • Use a metal cutting template machined from 6 mm thick plate with tolerance of +0, -0.01 mm for length and width (Clause 2.1).

• Number of Specimens:

  • Take five specimens from each sample for testing (Clause 2.1).

• Cutting Requirements:

  • Specimens must be freshly and squarely cut with all edges clean and sharp (Clauses 2.1, 6.2).
  • The template must fit the extrusion mould precisely as per Clause 5.

• Apparatus:

  • Use appropriate cutting tools and apparatus as per Clause 8.2 to maintain specimen integrity.

Summary Table: Specimen Preparation

flowchart LR
    Sample -->|Cut 5 specimens| Specimens[5 Specimens 100x100 mm]
    Specimens -->|Use metal template| Template[6 mm thick, ±0.01 mm tolerance]
    Template -->|Ensure fresh edges| FreshEdges[Square, clean cut edges]
    FreshEdges --> Test[Testing per IS 10566]

This ensures uniformity and reliability in testing joint materials as per IS 10566.

IS 10566: Determination of Dimensions for Preformed Expansion Joint Fillers

Key Points from Clauses 2 & 3:

• Specimen Preparation (Clause 2.1):

  • Cut 5 specimens per sample.
  • Use a metal template 100 x 100 mm, machined from 6 mm plate.
  • Template tolerance: +0, -0.01 mm in length and width.
  • Specimens must be freshly and squarely cut.

• Measurement Objectives (Clause 3.1):

  • Determine length, width, and thickness of expansion joint fillers.

Measurement Procedures:

Summary Table:

flowchart TD
    A[Sample] --> B[Cut 5 Specimens]
    B --> C[Use 100x100 mm Metal Template]
    C --> D[Measure Length & Width]
    C --> E[Measure Thickness]
    D --> F[Record Dimensions]
    E --> F

Note: Ensure measurements are taken under controlled conditions to avoid material deformation.

IS 10566: Determination of Recovery and Compression

Key Specifications & Procedures:

• Compression: Compress specimen to 50% of initial thickness (t₀) by applying load gradually (~1 mm/min).
• Recovery Measurement:
  • After load release, measure thickness t₁ at:
    • 10 minutes (single load application)
    • 30 minutes recovery after 1st & 2nd load applications
    • 1 hour recovery after 3rd load application
• If recovery < 70%, repeat test.

Formula for Percentage Recovery:

[ \text{Recovery (%)} = \frac{t_1}{t_0} \times 100 ]

• ( t_0 ) = thickness before test (mm)
• ( t_1 ) = thickness after recovery (mm)

Testing Setup (Fig. 1):

• Components:
  • Head of testing machine
  • Spherical bearing block
  • Measuring device
  • Hollow cylinder
  • Metal plate (110 × 110 × 12 mm)
  • Flat metal plate
  • Table of testing machine

Summary:

• Perform 3 load cycles, compressing to 50% thickness each time.
• Allow recovery time between cycles as specified.
• Calculate average recovery from all observations.
• Ensure recovery ≥ 70% for valid specimen.

flowchart TD
    A[Start: Measure initial thickness t₀] --> B[Apply load to compress to 50% t₀]
    B --> C[Release load immediately]
    C --> D[Wait 10 min (single load) or 30 min (1st & 2nd load)]
    D --> E[Measure thickness t₁]
    E --> F{3 load applications?}
    F -- No --> B
    F -- Yes --> G[Wait 1 hour after 3rd load]
    G --> H[Measure final thickness t₁]
    H --> I[Calculate Recovery % = (t₁ / t₀) × 100]

This ensures compliance with IS 10566 for resilient materials' recovery and compression behavior.

IS 10566: Determination of Extrusion (Clause 5.4)

• Specimen Preparation: Compress specimen to 50% of its original thickness.
• Loading Rate: Apply load smoothly at ~1.0 mm/min compression rate.
• Measurement: Measure extrusion as the maximum lateral movement of the free edge during 50% compression.
• Precision: Use dial gauge or similar device with 0.02 mm accuracy.
• Output: Extrusion amount in millimeters (mm).

Key Parameters:

Formula for Load per Unit Area (Stress):

[ \sigma = \frac{W}{A} ]

• Where:
  • ( W ) = applied load (kgf or N)
  • ( A ) = specimen cross-sectional area (mm²)
  • ( \sigma ) = stress (kgf/mm² or N/mm²)

Summary Diagram:

flowchart LR
    A[Specimen] --> B[Apply Load]
    B --> C[Compress to 50% thickness]
    C --> D[Measure lateral extrusion]
    D --> E[Record extrusion in mm]

Note: The extrusion test evaluates deformation under compression, critical for preformed filler performance in joints.

IS 10566: Determination of Water Absorption (Clause 6.3)

Procedure Summary:

• Dry specimen at ambient temperature ≥ 20°C for 24 hours in a desiccator; if lower temperature, dry in oven at 20 ± 2°C.
• Weigh specimen before immersion (W₂) to nearest 0.1 g.
• Immerse specimen horizontally in water at 20 ± 2°C with 25 mm water cover for 24 hours.
• Remove surface water with blotting paper and weigh immediately after immersion (W₁).

Key Formula:

[ \text{Water Absorption (% by volume)} = \frac{10 \times (W_1 - W_2)}{t} ]

Where:

• ( W_1 ) = Weight after immersion (g)
• ( W_2 ) = Weight before immersion (g)
• ( t ) = Thickness of specimen before test (mm)

Notes:

• Thickness ( t ) must be measured accurately before the test.
• Water absorption is expressed as a percentage by volume.
• Temperature control during drying and immersion is critical (20 ± 2°C).

Related Specification:

• Follow IS 2-1960 for rounding off numerical values in reporting.

flowchart TD
    A[Dry specimen at ≥20°C for 24 hrs] --> B[Weigh specimen (W₂)]
    B --> C[Immerse in water at 20±2°C for 24 hrs]
    C --> D[Remove surface water with blotting paper]
    D --> E[Weigh specimen after immersion (W₁)]
    E --> F[Calculate Water Absorption % by volume]

This ensures consistent and accurate determination of water absorption for preformed fillers in expansion joints.

IS 10566: Determination of Density of Preformed Expansion Joint Fillers

Key Formula (Clause 7.3)

[ \text{Density} , (\rho) = \frac{\text{Weight of specimen (kg)}}{\text{Volume of specimen (m}^3)} ]

• Weight: Measured to nearest 0.1 g after drying (ambient ≥ 20℃ for 24 hrs or oven at 20 ± 2℃).
• Dimensions: Measured to nearest 0.1 mm for volume calculation.

Procedure Summary (Clause 7.3)

• Dry specimen in desiccator or oven.
• Weigh specimen accurately.
• Measure length, width, and thickness to calculate volume.
• Calculate density using the formula above.

Additional Notes

• Use IS:2-1960 for rounding off results.
• Density units: kg/m³.
• Accurate dimension measurement is critical for volume precision.

Example: Volume Calculation

[ V = \text{Length} \times \text{Width} \times \text{Thickness} ]

If dimensions are in mm, convert volume to m³ by dividing by (10^9).

flowchart TD
    A[Dry specimen at 20±2℃] --> B[Weigh specimen (nearest 0.1g)]
    B --> C[Measure dimensions (nearest 0.1mm)]
    C --> D[Calculate volume (m³)]
    D --> E[Calculate density = Weight/Volume (kg/m³)]

This concise method ensures reliable density determination of bitumen-impregnated fillers per IS 10566.

IS 10566: Determination of Bitumen Content

Key Clauses & Procedure

• Clause 9.2 (Bitumen Content Determination):

  • Extract bitumen as per Clause 8.3.1.
  • Dry the fibre residue to constant weight.
  • Bitumen content (%) = (\frac{\text{Weight of original sample} - \text{Weight of dried residue}}{\text{Weight of original sample}} \times 100)

• Clause 8.3.3 (Penetration of Recovered Bitumen):

  • Determine penetration as per IS 1203-1978 (standard needle penetration test).

• Clause 7.3 (Density Calculation for Weathering):

  • Dry specimen at 20±2°C for 24 hrs.
  • Measure weight (nearest 0.1 g) and dimensions (nearest 0.1 mm).
  • Density (kg/m³) = (\frac{\text{Weight of specimen (kg)}}{\text{Volume of specimen (m}^3)})

Summary Table

flowchart TD
    A[Original Sample] --> B[Bitumen Extraction]
    B --> C[Dry Fibre Residue]
    C --> D[Weigh Residue]
    A --> E[Weigh Original Sample]
    D & E --> F[Calculate Bitumen Content %]
    F --> G[Penetration Test on Recovered Bitumen (IS 1203)]

Note: Always ensure drying to constant weight and precise measurements for accuracy.

Determination of Penetration of Recovered Bitumen (IS 10566)

• Specimen Preparation (Clause 7.3):

  • Dry specimen at ≥20℃ for 24 hrs in desiccator or oven at 20 ± 2℃.
  • Weigh to nearest 0.1 g.
  • Measure dimensions to nearest 0.1 mm.
  • Calculate density:
    [ \text{Density (kg/m}^3) = \frac{\text{Weight of specimen (kg)}}{\text{Volume of specimen (m}^3)} ]

• Penetration Test (Clause 8.3.3):

  • Conduct penetration test on recovered bitumen as per IS 1203:1978.
  • Penetration is measured in tenths of a millimeter (dmm) at 25℃ using a standard needle and specified load/time.

• Key Points:

  • Penetration test indicates bitumen hardness/softness.
  • Recovery of bitumen from preformed fillers is essential before testing.
  • Test conditions strictly follow IS 1203:1978 for accuracy.

Summary Table: Penetration Test Parameters (IS 1203:1978)

flowchart LR
    A[Preformed Filler Sample] --> B[Dry Specimen (20±2℃)]
    B --> C[Weigh & Measure Dimensions]
    C --> D[Calculate Density]
    D --> E[Recover Bitumen from Filler]
    E --> F[Penetration Test (IS 1203:1978)]
    F --> G[Determine Penetration Value at 25℃]

This process ensures reliable determination of bitumen penetration from preformed expansion joint fillers as per IS 10566.

IS 10566: Determination of Weathering Effects on Preformed Expansion Joint Fillers

Key Specifications & Procedure (Clause 10)

• Objective: Assess accelerated weathering effects on joint fillers.
• Test Conditions:
  • Expose specimen at 75 ± 1°C for 7 days.
  • Post-ageing, immerse specimen in water at room temperature for 24 hours.
• Freezing-Thawing Cycles (Clause 10.3.1):
  • Subject specimen to 10 cycles of freezing and thawing.
  • After cycles, dry at room temperature for 48 hours.
  • Examine for disintegration or deterioration.

Bitumen Content Determination (Clause 9.2)

• Dry fibre residue to constant weight after bitumen extraction.
• Bitumen content (%) by weight =
  [ \text{Bitumen content} = \frac{\text{Weight of original sample} - \text{Weight of dried residue}}{\text{Weight of original sample}} \times 100 ]

Summary Table: Weathering Test Parameters

Important Units (SI)

• Temperature: Kelvin (K) or °C
• Time: Second (s)
• Weight: Kilogram (kg)
• Pressure/Stress: Pascal (Pa) = N/m²

flowchart TD
    A[Start: Prepare Specimen] --> B[Expose at 75±1°C for 7 days]
    B --> C[Immerse in Water (Room Temp) for 24 hrs]
    C --> D[Freeze-Thaw Cycles (10 times)]
    D --> E[Dry at Room Temp for 48 hrs]
    E --> F[Examine for Disintegration]

This procedure ensures accelerated ageing simulates long-term weathering to evaluate durability of expansion joint