Requirements for chlorination equipment, Part 2: Vacuum feed type chlorinators

IS 10553 Part 2 - Scope Summary

• Scope: Covers specifications related to chlorination plants excluding handling and storage of chlorine cylinders/drums (covered in Part 1).
• Compliance: Final test/analysis values must be rounded per IS 2-1960 rules, retaining the same significant figures as specified.
• International Coordination: Standard formulated considering global practices and Indian field conditions.
• Safety & Installation: For installation, handling, storage, and safety of chlorine cylinders/drums, refer to IS 10553 Part 1 (1983).

Key Points:

Rounding Off (IS 2-1960) - Summary:

• Round off to the same number of significant digits as specified.
• Use standard rounding rules (e.g., 0.5 rounds up).

flowchart LR
    A[IS 10553 Part 2: Chlorination Plant Specs] --> B[Test & Analysis Results]
    B --> C[Rounded per IS 2-1960]
    A --> D[Installation & Safety]
    D --> E[Refer IS 10553 Part 1]
    A --> F[International & Indian Practices]

For detailed formulas or tables, refer to specific clauses in IS 10553 Part 2 and Part 1 for installation and safety.

IS 10553 Part 2 does not explicitly define Terminology with formulas or tables; it primarily aligns with international standards and rounding rules per IS 2-1960.

Key Points on Terminology from IS 10553 Part 2:

• Rounding Off:
  Values must be rounded as per IS 2-1960:

  • Retain the number of significant figures equal to those in the specified value.
  • Ensures consistency in test/analysis results.

• International Coordination:
  Terminology and definitions harmonize with global standards to maintain uniformity.

Additional Notes (General Practice):

• Terminology usually includes definitions of terms such as:

  • Design Load
  • Serviceability
  • Ultimate Strength
  • Safety Factor

• These terms are critical for interpreting formulas and specifications in the code.

If you need terminology for a specific aspect (e.g., structural loads, materials), please specify for detailed formulas or tables.

IS 10553 Part 2: General Requirements for Vacuum Feed Type Chlorination Equipment

Key components and specifications include:

• Stop Valves: Each chlorine gas container connection must have a stop valve.
• Pressure Gauges: Two gauges—one for cylinder pressure, one for delivery pressure.
• Filters: To remove solid impurities before gas enters main units.
• Desiccator Valve: Contains concentrated sulphuric acid or calcium chloride to dry chlorine gas.
• Automatic Closer (Rapid Closing Valve): Closes on vacuum loss (e.g., water supply failure).
• Vacuum Regulating Valve: Maintains constant upstream pressure.
• Flow Control Devices: Maintain constant chlorine gas quantity and measure flow.
• Automatic Switch Device: Optional, for switching to full containers for continuous operation.
• Water Flow Control: Stop valve and measuring device for injector water.
• Injector Types: Fixed throat, adjustable throat, or anti-siphon fixed throat.
• Safety Devices: Non-return valves to prevent backflow of chlorine water.
• Venting Device: Prevents pressure build-up; vent line must lead outside.
• Evaporators: Required for liquid chlorine from tonne containers, with pressure relief and reducing valves.
• Diffusers: For chlorine water delivery into main lines >300 mm diameter or open channels.

Vacuum Feed Chlorinator Flow Control (Simplified)

flowchart LR
    Chlorine_Container --> Stop_Valve
    Stop_Valve --> Filter --> Desiccator_Valve
    Desiccator_Valve --> Vacuum_Regulating_Valve --> Injector
    Injector --> Diffuser --> Main_Water_Line
    Injector --> Safety_NonReturn_Valve
    Injector --> Venting_Device

This ensures safe, continuous, and controlled chlorination per IS 10553 Part 2 (1983).

IS 10553 Part 2 (1983) — Materials and Construction Key Points

1. Materials for Chlorine Pipelines (Clause 4.4)

• Copper Tubes:

  • Phosphorus dioxide non-arsenical copper (IS:191 Part 8-1980)
  • Phosphorus dioxide arsenical copper (IS:191 Part 10-1980)

• Carbon Steel Tubes:

  • Conforming to IS:1030-1974

2. Minimum Wall Thickness & Tolerances

3. Installation & Safety (Clause 7.1)

• Follow IS 10553 Part 1 (1983) for handling, storage, and safety of chlorine cylinders and drums.

Additional Notes:

• The pipeline system is designed to be under vacuum once water supply starts (Clause 5.1).
• Use materials strictly as per specified IS standards for durability and safety.

flowchart TD
    A[Material Selection] --> B{Type of Material}
    B -->|Copper| C[Phosphorus dioxide copper IS:191]
    B -->|Carbon Steel| D[IS:1030-1974]
    C --> E[Check Wall Thickness & Tolerances]
    D --> E
    E --> F[Installation per IS 10553 Part 1]
    F --> G[System Under Vacuum on Start]

This summary ensures compliance with IS 10553 Part 2 for safe and durable chlorine pipeline construction

IS 10553 Part 2 - Valve and Injector Specifications: Key Points

Materials & Construction (Clause 4.2, 4.7)

• Injector body: chlorine-resistant PVC, bronze, hard rubber in cast iron, or ebonite.
• Nozzle & throat: renewable.
• Valve diaphragms: Teflon, silver, bronze, or steel backed with silver/Teflon foil.

Vacuum Feed Chlorination Equipment Components (Clause 3.1)

• Chlorine gas stop valve: one per chlorine container.
• Pressure gauges: cylinder pressure & delivery pressure.
• Filter: removes solid impurities.
• Desiccator/non-return valve: moisture removal using sulphuric acid or calcium chloride.
• Automatic closer (rapid closing valve): closes on vacuum loss.
• Vacuum regulating valve: maintains constant upstream pressure.
• Flow measuring device: for chlorine gas.
• Water stop valve & measuring device: controls water through injector.
• Injector types: fixed throat, adjustable throat, anti-siphon fixed throat.
• Safety non-return valve: prevents chlorine water backflow.
• Venting device: prevents pressure buildup; vent outside building.
• Evaporators & pressure relief: for liquid chlorine withdrawal.
• Pressure reducing valve: built-up valve reduces pressure (Clause 5.2).
• Diffusers: for chlorine water into main line (>300 mm diameter).

Injector Function Formula (Vacuum creation & mixing)

[ Q_g = K \times \sqrt{P_w - P_g} ]

• (Q_g): chlorine gas flow rate
• (K): injector constant (depends on throat size/type)
• (P_w): water pressure upstream of injector
• (P_g): pressure in chlorine gas line

Typical Valve & Injector Specification Table

IS 10553 Part 2 - Chlorine Gas Supply & Manifold Connections

Key Formulas & Tables

1. Rate of Chlorine Withdrawal (Table 1, Clause 6.1)

Note: Exceeding these rates risks freezing liquid chlorine.

2. Vacuum Feed Chlorination Equipment (Clause 3.1) Key Components

• Stop valves for each chlorine container connection.
• Pressure gauges: cylinder pressure & delivery pressure.
• Filters to remove solid impurities.
• Desiccator valve/non-return valve with sulfuric acid or calcium chloride to remove moisture.
• Automatic chlorine gas closer (vacuum loss shutdown).
• Vacuum regulating valve for constant pressure.
• Flow measurement devices and automatic switch for continuous supply.
• Injector types: fixed throat, adjustable throat, anti-siphon.
• Safety non-return valve to prevent backflow.
• Venting device leading outside to avoid pressure buildup.
• Evaporators and pressure relief for tonne containers.
• Diffusers for chlorine solution injection in mains >300 mm dia.

Summary Diagram (Vacuum Feed Chlorinator)

flowchart LR
    A[Chlorine Container] --> B[Stop Valve]
    B --> C[Filter]
    C --> D[Desiccator Valve]
    D --> E[Pressure Gauges]
    E --> F[Vacuum Regulating Valve]
    F --> G[Injector]
    G --> H[Main Water Line]
    F --> I[Automatic Closer]
    F --> J[Safety Non-return Valve

IS 10553 Part 2: Installation and Safety Key Points

1. Cylinder Grouping (Clause 6.2.2)

• When using more than 3 cylinders, arrange connections in groups.
• Design groups so one complete group can be replaced at a time for safety and continuity.

2. Installation & Safety Guidelines (Clause 7.1)

• Follow IS 10553 Part 1 (1983) for:
  • Handling
  • Storage
  • Safety of chlorine cylinders and drums
• Part 1 covers general guidelines ensuring safe installation and operation.

Summary Table: Cylinder Grouping & Safety

Additional Notes:

• Always ensure proper ventilation and leak detection systems.
• Use appropriate PPE and follow emergency protocols.
• Regular inspection and maintenance per IS standards are mandatory.

flowchart LR
    A[More than 3 cylinders] --> B[Arrange in groups]
    B --> C[Each group ≤ 3 cylinders]
    C --> D[One group replaced at a time]
    D --> E[Ensures continuous operation & safety]

For detailed procedures, refer directly to IS 10553 Part 1 and Part 2 clauses.

IS 10553 Part 2 (1983) — Key Specifications for Measurement and Control Devices in Vacuum Feed Chlorinators

Essential Components (Clause 3.1)

• Stop Valves: On each chlorine gas container connection for isolation.
• Pressure Gauges: Two types — cylinder pressure and delivery pressure.
• Filters: To remove solid chlorine impurities before main units.
• Desiccator/Non-return Valve: Contains concentrated sulfuric acid or calcium chloride to dry chlorine gas.
• Automatic Closer Valve: Closes on vacuum loss (water supply stoppage).
• Vacuum Regulating Valve: Maintains constant upstream pressure.
• Flow Measurement Device: Measures chlorine gas flow.
• Water Stop Valve & Measuring Device: Controls water flow through injector.
• Injector Types: Fixed throat, adjustable throat, or anti-siphon fixed throat for vacuum creation and chlorine-water mixing.
• Safety Devices: Non-return valves to prevent backflow of chlorine water.
• Venting Device: Prevents pressure buildup; vented outside the chlorination room.
• Evaporators & Pressure Relief: For liquid chlorine withdrawal from containers.
• Diffusers: For chlorine water injection in pipes >300 mm diameter or open channels.

Measurement & Control Principles

• Chlorine gas flow is controlled via vacuum created by injector.
• Pressure gauges and valves ensure safe, continuous operation.
• Automatic switching to full cylinders can be provided for uninterrupted chlorination.

Rounding Off Results (Clause 0.7)

• Values must be rounded per IS 2-1960 rules.
• Retain significant digits equal to those in the specified standard value.

Summary Table: Key Devices and Functions

IS 10553 Part 2 - Key Specifications for Backflow Prevention & Venting in Vacuum Feed Chlorination

Key Components (Clause 3.1):

• Chlorine gas stop valves: One per chlorine container.
• Pressure gauges: Cylinder and delivery pressure indicators.
• Filters & desiccators: Remove impurities and moisture from chlorine gas.
• Automatic chlorine gas closer: Closes on vacuum loss (water supply stops).
• Vacuum regulating valve: Maintains constant upstream pressure.
• Backflow prevention: Non-return valve prevents chlorine water backflow.
• Venting device: Prevents pressure build-up; vent line must lead outside the building.
• Injector: Creates vacuum for gas flow control and mixes chlorine with water.
• Diffusers: For chlorine water delivery in pipes > 300 mm diameter.

Venting & Backflow Prevention Summary:

Important Notes:

• Entire system under vacuum at water supply start (Clause 5.1).
• Vent lines must discharge outside to avoid hazardous gas accumulation.
• Safety and flow control devices are mandatory for safe operation.

flowchart LR
    WaterSupply --> VacuumSystem
    VacuumSystem --> Injector
    Injector --> ChlorineGas
    ChlorineGas --> StopValve
    StopValve --> ChlorinationApparatus
    ChlorinationApparatus --> NonReturnValve
    NonReturnValve --> MainWaterLine
    ChlorinationApparatus --> VentingDevice
    VentingDevice --> OutsideBuilding

This ensures safe vacuum operation, backflow prevention, and proper venting in vacuum feed chlorinators as per IS 10553 Part 2.

IS 10553 Part 2 covers vacuum feed chlorinators with key focus on evaporators and diffusers used in chlorination systems.

1. Evaporators (Clause 3.1 r, s)

• Used when liquid chlorine is withdrawn from tonne containers.
• Must include:
  • Chlorine gas pressure reducing valve
  • Shut-off valve
  • Evaporator pressure relief system
• Purpose: Convert liquid chlorine to gas safely before dosing.

2. Diffusers (Clause 3.1 t)

• Used to deliver chlorine water solution into the main water line.
• Required for pipe diameters exceeding 300 mm or open channels.
• Ensures uniform mixing and distribution of chlorine.

3. Chlorine Withdrawal Rate (Table 1, Clause 6.1)

Note: Exceeding these rates risks freezing liquid chlorine.

4. Key Components in Vacuum Feed Chlorinators (Clause 3.1)

• Stop valves for each chlorine container
• Pressure gauges (cylinder and delivery)
• Filters and desiccators for moisture removal
• Automatic chlorine gas closer (vacuum failure safety)
• Vacuum regulating valve
• Flow measuring devices
• Injector types: fixed throat, adjustable throat, anti-siphon
• Safety non-return valves and venting devices

flowchart LR
    LiquidChlorine[Tonne Container] --> Evaporator[Evaporator]
    Evaporator --> PressureReducingValve[Pressure Reducing Valve]
    PressureReducingValve --> Chlorinator[Vacuum Feed

IS 10553 Part 2: Maintenance and Operation Guidelines - Key Points

1. Rate of Chlorine Withdrawal (Clause 6.1, Table 1)

• Withdrawal depends on container size and ambient temperature.
• Follow recommended rates to avoid chlorine freezing.

Note: Exceeding these rates risks liquid chlorine freezing.

2. Installation and Safety (Clause 7.1)

• Follow IS 10553 Part 1 (1983) for:
  • Handling
  • Storage
  • Safety of chlorine cylinders and drums
• Ensure proper plant installation adhering to these guidelines.

Summary Diagram: Chlorine Withdrawal Rate vs Temperature

graph LR
A[Temperature (°C)] --> B{Withdrawal Rate (kg/day)}
B --> C[45 kg Cylinder]
B --> D[67 kg Cylinder]
B --> E[Tonne Container]

C -->|Increases with Temp| F[2.72 to 18.7]
D -->|Increases with Temp| G[4.08 to 28.12]
E -->|Increases with Temp| H[45 to 315]

For detailed safety and operational procedures, refer to IS 10553 Part 1 and Part 2.

IS 10553 Part 2: Safety Precautions & Emergency Procedures - Key Points

1. Cylinder Connection Safety (Clause 6.2.2)

• When using more than 3 cylinders, arrange connections in groups.
• This allows changing one complete group at a time, minimizing risk during cylinder replacement.

2. Chlorine Withdrawal Rate (Clause 6.1, Table 1)

• Withdrawal rate depends on container size and ambient temperature.
• Exceeding recommended rates risks freezing liquid chlorine.

3. Installation & Safety (Clause 7.1)

• Follow IS 10553 Part 1 (1983) for:
  • Handling
  • Storage
  • Safety of chlorine cylinders and drums
• Ensure proper ventilation, leak detection, and emergency response planning.

Summary Diagram: Cylinder Group Arrangement for Safety

graph LR
    A[Cylinder Group 1] -->|Connected| Manifold
    B[Cylinder Group 2] -->|Connected| Manifold
    C[Cylinder Group 3] -->|Connected| Manifold
    Manifold --> Process
    style A fill:#f9f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    style B fill:#f9f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    style C fill:#f9f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px

Note: Always ensure emergency procedures include immediate isolation of leaks, evacuation, and use of protective equipment as per IS guidelines.