Plywood Tea Chests: Part-2 Plywood

IS 10 Part 2: Scope Summary

• Scope: Specifies requirements for wrought steel tubes used in structural applications.
• Definitions: Refer to IS 707:1976 for terms related to steel tubes.
• Rounding off: Follow IS 2:1960 for rounding test or calculation results, retaining the same significant figures as specified values.
• Visual & Dimensional Requirements: Covered under Clause 3.1, ensuring tubes meet prescribed tolerances and surface quality.

Key Points:

Rounding Rule (IS 2:1960)

• Round off to same decimal places as the specified value.
• Example: If specified value = 12.3, round test result to 1 decimal place.

flowchart LR
    A[Test/Analysis Result] --> B[Rounding per IS 2:1960]
    B --> C[Compare with Specified Value]
    C --> D[Compliance Decision]

This ensures consistent and standardized evaluation of test results.

IS 10 (Part 2): Referenced Indian Standards - Key Highlights

This part of IS 10 refers to several essential Indian Standards (IS) related to timber and plywood testing, preservation, and terminology. These standards complement IS 10 for comprehensive timber technology and utilization.

Important Referenced IS Standards (Annex A):

Key Notes:

• IS 707 provides standard terminology essential for understanding timber-related specifications.
• IS 1734 defines test methods for plywood physical properties like density and moisture.
• IS 2753 covers glue shear strength tests critical for plywood bonding quality.
• IS 4905 specifies chemical analysis methods for timber preservatives.
• These referenced standards ensure uniformity in testing, quality control, and terminology.

Summary Table of Key Tests:

This suite of IS codes ensures plywood and timber products meet quality, safety, and performance standards under IS 10 (Part 2).

IS 10 Part 2: Definitions Summary

• Reference Standard: Definitions are as per IS 707:1976 (Steel Tubes for Structural Purposes).
• Rounding Off: Follow IS 2:1960 for rounding numerical values:
  • Round final test/analysis values to the same number of significant figures as specified.
• Visual & Dimensional Requirements: Clause 3.1 (D-3.1) covers these but refers back to IS 707 for detailed definitions.

Key Points:

Rounding Off Rule (IS 2:1960) Example:

• If specified value = 12.3 (3 significant digits), measured = 12.3456 → round to 12.3
• If specified value = 0.056 (2 significant digits), measured = 0.0558 → round to 0.056

flowchart LR
    A[IS 10 Part 2] --> B[Definitions per IS 707:1976]
    A --> C[Rounding per IS 2:1960]
    A --> D[Visual & Dimensional per Clause 3.1]

For detailed definitions, consult IS 707 directly.

IS 10 Part 2: Materials - Timber Species & Veneers

Veneer Grain Direction (Clause 5.2)

• Grain in adjacent plies must be at right angles.
• For even number of plies, the centre pair grain runs in the same direction.
• Grain on both faces runs in the same direction.
• Face and back veneers may be different species if:
  • Construction is balanced.
  • Specific gravity difference ≤ 0.15.

Timber Species Suitable for Tea-Chest Plywood (Annex B, Clause 4.1)

• List includes species like:
  • Teak (Tectona grandis - TEA)
  • Mango (Mangifera indica - MAN)
  • Maple (Acer spp. - MAP)
  • Mahogany (Swietenia spp. - MAG)
  • Sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo - SIS)
  • Aini (Artocarpus hirsutus - AIN)
  • Arjun (Terminalia arjuna - ARJ)
• Species marked with dagger (†) require preservative treatment.

Preservative Treatment (Clause 4.1 & B-2)

• Treatment is mandatory for certain species.
• Ensures durability and resistance to decay.

Summary Table: Veneer Grain & Species Compatibility

flowchart TD
    A[Veneer Plywood] --> B[Even Number of Plies]
    A --> C[Odd Number of Plies]
    B --> D[Centre pair grain same direction]
    C --> E[Alternate grain at right angles]
    D --> F[Face and back veneers same grain direction]
    E --> F
    F --> G[Face & Back veneers: Species with ΔSG ≤ 0.15]

For detailed species, refer to Annex B of IS 10 Part

IS 10 Part 2: Manufacture and Construction Requirements for Plywood

Visual and Dimensional Requirements (Clause 3.1 & 6.1.5.1)

• Plywood panels must be visually inspected and dimensionally checked as per clauses 5.1 to 8 and 7.1, 7.2.
• Panels failing any requirement are defective.

Sampling & Acceptance Criteria (Table 1)

• A lot conforms if defectives ≤ permissible number.
• Definitions per IS 707:1976.
• Rounding rules per IS 2:1960.

Summary:

• Inspect visually & dimensionally.
• Sample size & acceptance based on lot size.
• Use sub-samples for lab tests.
• Follow IS 707 & IS 2 for definitions and rounding.

flowchart TD
    A[Select Lot] --> B[Sample Panels as per Table 1]
    B --> C{Visual & Dimensional Inspection}
    C -->|Pass| D[Lot Accepted]
    C -->|Fail| E[Count Defectives]
    E --> F{Defectives ≤ Permissible?}
    F -->|Yes| D
    F -->|No| G[Lot Rejected]

Quality Requirements for Plywood Panels (IS 10 Part 2:1996)

1. Thickness Specification (Clause 3.8)

• Thickness range: 3.8 mm ≤ thickness ≤ 4.5 mm (for timber per Annex B)
• Thickness uniformity must be maintained throughout the panel.

2. Visual & Dimensional Requirements (Clause 6.1.5.1)

• Panels must be visually inspected per clauses 5.1 to 6.1.5.1.
• Edges trimmed square within ±3 mm along diagonals.
• Surface: smooth; sanding as per purchaser's request.

3. Sampling & Acceptance Criteria (Table 1)

• A lot is accepted if defectives ≤ permissible number.

4. Packaging & Condition (Clause 11.2.1)

• Delivered clean, dry, and suitably packed.

Summary Diagram: Quality Control Flow

flowchart TD
    A[Select Sample Size (Table 1)] --> B[Visual & Dimensional Inspection]
    B --> C{Defectives ≤ Permissible?}
    C -- Yes --> D[Lot Accepted]
    C -- No --> E[Lot Rejected]
    D --> F[Sub-Sample for Lab Tests]

For detailed test methods, refer to IS 1734 (Part 1) for density and moisture, and IS 2753 (Part 4) for glue shear strength.

Glue Shear Strength - IS 10 Part 2 (1996)

Key Specifications (Clauses 9.1.1.2 & 9.2):

• Test Standard: IS 1734 (Part 4): 1983 (Glue Shear Strength Test - Dry)
• Specimen Size: Strips of 25 mm width cut from plywood specimens.
• Number of specimens: 6 specimens tested for average and individual values.

Minimum Requirements:

Testing Notes:

• The average failing load of six specimens should not be less than 686 N.
• No individual specimen should fail below 540 N.
• For strips cut from specimens, the average glue shear strength should not be less than 540 N, with no individual strip less than 440 N.

Summary Formula for Glue Shear Strength (τ):

[ \tau = \frac{P}{A} ]

Where:

• (P) = Load at failure (N)
• (A) = Bonded area (width × thickness in mm²)

flowchart TD
    A[Plywood Specimens] --> B[Cut 25 mm strips]
    B --> C[Perform Glue Shear Test (IS 1734 Part 4)]
    C --> D{Results}
    D -->|Avg ≥ 686 N & Indiv ≥ 540 N| E[Pass]
    D -->|Else| F[Fail]

This ensures plywood panels meet minimum glue adhesion strength for structural reliability.

Moisture Content Requirements as per IS 10 Part 2

• Maximum Moisture Content:
  After pressing and reconditioning, the plywood's moisture content shall not exceed 15% (Clauses 5.5 & 9.3).

• Testing Method:
  Moisture content shall be tested according to IS 1734 (Part 1): 1983.

• Sampling & Testing:

  • Number of panels to be tested for moisture content is specified in Table 1, Column 4 of IS 10 Part 2.
  • Each panel in the sample is tested individually, and results are recorded per panel (Clause 9.2).

Key Points Summary

Moisture Content Test Principle (per IS 1734 Part 1)

[ \text{Moisture Content (%)} = \frac{W_{\text{wet}} - W_{\text{dry}}}{W_{\text{dry}}} \times 100 ]

• (W_{\text{wet}}) = Weight of test piece before drying
• (W_{\text{dry}}) = Weight after oven drying (usually at 103 ± 2°C until constant weight)

flowchart TD
    A[Plywood Panel Sample] --> B[Moisture Content Test (IS 1734 Part 1)]
    B --> C{Moisture Content ≤ 15%?}
    C -- Yes --> D[Panel Passes]
    C -- No --> E[Panel Fails]

Summary: Ensure moisture content ≤ 15% after pressing and reconditioning, tested individually on each panel per IS 1734 (Part 1). Sampling per Table 1 of IS 10 Part 2.

IS 10 Part 2: Key Formulas, Tables & Specifications for Plywood Tests

1. Plywood Thickness (Clause 3.8)

• Thickness range: 3.8 mm ≤ thickness ≤ 4.5 mm
• Applies to tea-chest plywood made from timber in Annex B.
• Edges trimmed square within ±3 mm over the length of two diagonals.

2. Test Samples & Reporting (Clause 9.4 & Table 1)

• Test panels selected per Table 1 (Column 4) for:
  • Water resistance (9.1)
  • Glue adhesion (9.2)
  • Moisture content (9.3)
  • Veneer treatment (B-2.2)
• Report format includes:
  • Maker’s details
  • Veneer species
  • Sizes of plywood boards
  • Thickness (min, max, average)
  • Number of veneers
  • Average water resistance result

3. Glue Shear Strength Test (Dry) (Clause 9.2)

• Test standard: IS 1734 (Part 4):1983
• Specimens: 6 test pieces
• Requirements:
  • Average failing load ≥ 686 N (70 kgf)
  • Individual specimen load ≥ 540 N (55 kgf)

Summary Table for Glue Shear Strength Test

If needed, I can provide detailed test procedures or diagrams for water resistance or glue adhesion tests.

Sampling of Plywood Panels as per IS 10 Part 2

Key Points from Table 1 (Sampling Scale)

Sampling Procedure:

• Random selection of panels from the lot (see IS 4905:1968 for random sampling methods).
• Inspect all selected panels visually and dimensionally.
• If the number of defective panels ≤ permissible defectives (Col 3), lot is accepted.
• From the sample, take the sub-sample for laboratory tests on:
  • Water resistance
  • Glue adhesion
  • Moisture content (each panel tested individually)
  • Veneer treatment check

Summary:

• Visual/dimensional sample size depends on lot size.
• Sub-sample size is smaller for lab tests.
• Acceptance based on defectives ≤ permissible number.

flowchart TD
    A[Lot of Panels] --> B[Random Sampling (Table 1)]
    B --> C[Visual & Dimensional Inspection]
    C -->|Defectives ≤ Permissible| D[Accept Lot]
    C -->|Defectives > Permissible| E[Reject Lot]
    B --> F[Sub-sample for Lab Tests]
    F --> G[Water Resistance]
    F --> H[Glue Adhesion]
    F --> I[Moisture Content]
    F --> J[Veneer Treatment]

This ensures quality control per IS 10 Part 2 standards.

IS 10 (Part 2): Marking and Certification Key Points

• Clause 11.2:
  Plywood panels may be marked with the BIS Standard Mark indicating conformity to IS 10 (Part 2).

• Clause 11.2.1:

  • Use of the Standard Mark is governed by the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986.
  • Licence conditions for manufacturers to use the Standard Mark are available from BIS.
  • Panels must be delivered clean, dry, and suitably packed as per trade practices.

• Rounding off results:
  As per IS 2:1960, test results must be rounded off to the same number of significant digits as specified in the standard.

Summary Table: BIS Certification Marking

References for Testing and Quality:

flowchart LR
    A[Plywood Panel Production] --> B{Quality Check}
    B -->|Meets IS 10 Part 2| C[Apply BIS Standard Mark]
    B -->|Fails| D[Reject or Rework]
    C --> E[Packaging: Clean & Dry]
    E --> F[Dispatch to Market]

Note: Always consult BIS for licensing and marking permissions before applying the Standard Mark.

IS 10 Part 2: List of Referred Indian Standards (Annex A)

This annex provides essential adjunct Indian Standards referenced for timber and plywood testing, treatment, and terminology.

Key Points:

• IS 707 defines timber terminology for uniform understanding.
• IS 1734 (Part 1) covers moisture and density tests critical for plywood quality.
• IS 2753 (Part 4) specifies glue shear strength tests ensuring bond integrity.
• IS 4905 outlines chemical preservative analysis and sampling methods for treated timber.

These referenced standards ensure comprehensive quality control and certification compliance for plywood products under IS 10 Part 2.

flowchart LR
    A[IS 10 Part 2] --> B[IS 707: Timber Glossary]
    A --> C[IS 1734: Plywood Tests]
    A --> D[IS 2753: Glue Shear Strength]
    A --> E[IS 4905: Preservative Analysis]
    E --> F[Random Sampling Method]

Timber Species Suitable for Tea-Chest Plywood (IS 10 Part 2)

• All timber species for tea-chest plywood are non-durable and require preservative treatment.
• Elimination of sapwood is not feasible; hence, preservative treatment is mandatory to prevent fungal/insect attack during storage and transport.

Key Timber Species (Selected from Annex B)

(Note: Species marked with + or selected are preferred for treatment)

Preservative Treatment (Clause B-2.1)

• Treatment must be adequate for protection during storage and transport.
• Common preservatives include Copper Chrome Arsenate (CCA) or equivalent.
• Treatment is applied to both heartwood and sapwood.

Summary Table for Treatment Necessity

Visual Summary

flowchart TD
    A[Timber Species] --> B{Durability}
    B -- Non-Durable --> C[Treatment Mandatory]
    B -- Durable --> D[Treatment Optional]
    C --> E[Preservative Treatment]
    E --> F[Prevents fungal & insect attack]

Reference: IS 10 (Part 2):1996, Annex B, Clause B-2.1.

IS 10 Part 2: Form of Report for Tests on Plywood (Annex C, Clause 9.4)

The plywood test report must include:

• Maker details: Name and address.
• Species of veneers:
  • a) Face veneers (top and bottom)
  • b) Other veneers used.
• Plywood board sizes: Dimensions of top and bottom faces.
• Thickness (mm):
  • b) Minimum thickness observed
  • c) Maximum thickness observed
  • d) Average thickness of the whole lot.
• Number of veneers in the plywood panel.
• Water resistance test results: Average value as per method in Clause 9.1.

Additional Specifications:

• Thickness limits for tea-chest plywood: 3.8 mm ≤ thickness ≤ 4.5 mm (Clause 3.8).
• Panels must be smooth; sanding optional per purchaser.
• Edges trimmed square within 3 mm tolerance along diagonals.

Testing Sample Size & Criteria:
Refer to Table 1, Column 4 for the number of panels tested for water resistance, glue adhesion, moisture content, and veneer treatment (Clauses 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, B-2.2).

Summary Table for Thickness (Tea-chest plywood)

flowchart TD
    A[Plywood Test Report] --> B[Maker Name & Address]
    A --> C[Species of Veneers]
    A --> D[Board Sizes (Top & Bottom)]
    A --> E[Thickness: Min, Max, Avg]
    A --> F[Number of Veneers]
    A --> G[Water Resistance Test Avg Result]

This format ensures compliance with IS 10 Part 2 reporting requirements.

IS 10 Part 2: Sampling Procedures for Plywood Panels

Key Points:

• Sample Selection:
  Each lot is sampled separately to check conformity (Clause 1.2).

• Scale of Sampling (Table 1):

• Acceptance Criteria:
  A lot is accepted if the number of defective panels ≤ permissible defectives (Column 3).

• Testing:
  All selected panels undergo visual and dimensional inspection (Clauses 6.1.5.1 and related).

• Rounding Off:
  Follow IS 2:1960 for rounding test results, maintaining significant figures as per standard values.

Summary Diagram:

flowchart TD
    A[Lot of Plywood Panels] --> B[Select Sample as per Table 1]
    B --> C[Visual & Dimensional Inspection]
    C --> D{Defectives ≤ Permissible?}
    D -- Yes --> E[Lot Accepted]
    D -- No --> F[Lot Rejected]
    B --> G[Sub-Sample for Lab Tests]

This procedure ensures statistically valid quality control per IS 10 Part 2.

IS 10 Part 2: Committee Composition

• The technical committee composition for IS 10 Part 2 is detailed in Annex E of the standard.
• This committee typically includes experts from:
  • Timber research institutes
  • Plywood manufacturers
  • Quality control agencies
  • Government departments related to forestry and industry
  • Academia and technical experts in timber products

Sample Selection (Clause 2.1 & Table 1):

• This ensures statistically valid sampling for quality control.

Summary Diagram of Committee Composition

graph TD
    A[Technical Committee] --> B[Timber Research Institutes]
    A --> C[Plywood Manufacturers]
    A --> D[Quality Control Agencies]
    A --> E[Government Departments]
    A --> F[Academia & Experts]

For exact names and roles, refer to Annex E of IS 10 Part 2:1996.