IRC SP 291994AI Search Enabled✦ AI Generated

Directory of Indigenous Manufacturers of Road/Bridge Construction Machinery and Important Bridge Components (First Revision)

IRC SP 29 is a comprehensive directory listing indigenous manufacturers of road and bridge construction machinery and key bridge components in India. This first revision, published in 1994, serves as a practical resource for engineers, contractors, and procurement professionals seeking information on domestic suppliers of equipment such as road rollers, bitumen sprayers, crushers, and bridge jacks. It facilitates informed decision-making by providing manufacturer details, equipment types, and capacities, supporting mechanized construction practices that improve quality and efficiency in infrastructure projects.

11Sections
165Clauses Indexed
AI Search Ready
1994Edition
Roads and Bridges IRC- Indian road congress Category
Alternative search terms: IRC SP 29 PDF, IRC SP 29 pdf free download, IRC SP 29 free download pdf, IRCSP29 PDF, IRC-SP-29 PDF, IRC SP 29 1994 PDF, IRC SP 29:1994 PDF, IRC SP 29-1994 PDF, IRC SP 29 (1994) PDF, IRC SP 29 1994 edition PDF, IRC SP 29 edition 1994 PDF

What This Standard Covers

IRC SP 29 is a comprehensive directory listing indigenous manufacturers of road and bridge construction machinery and key bridge components in India. This first revision, published in 1994, serves as a practical resource for engineers, contractors, and procurement professionals seeking information on domestic suppliers of equipment such as road rollers, bitumen sprayers, crushers, and bridge jacks. It facilitates informed decision-making by providing manufacturer details, equipment types, and capacities, supporting mechanized construction practices that improve quality and efficiency in infrastructure projects.

Who Uses This Standard

  • Civil Engineers
  • Construction Project Managers
  • Procurement Officers
  • Bridge Engineers
  • Equipment Rental Companies
  • Infrastructure Contractors
  • Government Road Authorities

Key Topics Covered

Directory of indigenous manufacturers
Road construction machinery types
Bridge construction equipment
Manufacturer contact details
Equipment capacities and specifications
Types of machinery including rollers, crushers, and mixers
Bridge components like expansion joints and anchorages
Mechanization benefits in road construction
Quality control through equipment use
Equipment availability and sourcing
Domestic manufacturing capabilities
Guidance on equipment selection

Table of Contents

1Preface

IRC SP 29 - Preface Overview

The Preface of IRC SP 29 (Second Edition, 1994) primarily outlines the scope and organization of the document, which serves as a comprehensive guide on construction equipment for road and bridge works.

Key Highlights:

  • Publication Dates:

    • First Published: December 1984
    • First Revision: June 1994
    • Reprinted: June 2003
  • Content Structure:

    • Section A: Covers equipment for road construction (e.g., paver finishers, rollers, mixers).
    • Section B: Important bridge components (anchorages, bearings, cables, expansion joints).
    • Section C: Manufacturer details and references.
  • Equipment Covered: Over 50 types including:

    • Air Compressors
    • Bitumen Distributors & Sprayers
    • Concrete Batching Plants
    • Hot Mix Plants
    • Paver Finishers (Bituminous & Concrete)
    • Road Rollers (Static & Vibratory)
    • Bridge jacks, cranes, and hoists

Specifications & Tables:

  • The document provides specifications, operational guidelines, and performance parameters for each equipment type.
  • Tables list equipment with page references for detailed descriptions.

Example Table Snippet (Section A - Equipment Index):

S.No.EquipmentPage
33Paver Finisher (Bituminous)32
40Road Roller (Static/Tandem)36
49Transit Mixer42

For detailed formulas and operational parameters, refer to individual equipment sections (e.g., compaction effort for rollers, mixing capacity for batching plants).

If you need specific formulas or performance criteria for any equipment listed, please specify!

2Introduction and Scope

IRC SP 29: Introduction and Scope - Key Points

  • Scope: IRC SP 29 covers specifications and guidelines for various road construction equipment and machinery, including bituminous and concrete paver finishers, rollers, mixers, cranes, and specialized bridge components.

  • Sections:

    • Section A: Road construction machinery (e.g., paver finishers, rollers, mixers).
    • Section B: Important bridge components (anchorages, bearings, cables, expansion joints).
    • Section C: Manufacturer details and references.
  • Purpose: To standardize equipment specifications ensuring quality, compatibility, and safety in road and bridge construction projects.

  • Manufacturer Data: Includes names, addresses, and capacity ranges of equipment suppliers (e.g., air compressors with capacities from 60 to 2000 cfm).


Example Table: Air Compressor Capacity Range

ManufacturerTypeCapacity Range (cfm)
Atlas Copco (I) Ltd.Piston/Screw171 to 335 / 60 to 2000
Consolidated Pneumatic ToolPortable/Stationary175 to 600 / 200 to 500
Holman Climax Manufacture LtdPortable/Stationary100 to 300 / 120 to 525

Summary Diagram: IRC SP 29 Structure

graph TD
  A[IRC SP 29] --> B[Section A: Equipment]
  A --> C[Section B: Bridge Components]
  A --> D[Section C: Manufacturers & References]
  B --> B1[Paver Finishers]
  B --> B2[Rollers]
  B --> B3[Mixers]
  C --> C1[Anchorages]
  C --> C2[Bearings]
  C --> C3[Cables & Strands]
  C --> C4[Expansion Joints]

For detailed equipment specs, capacities, and manufacturer info, refer to the respective pages in IRC SP 29 (e.g., Paver Finisher Bituminous - page 32).

3List of Manufacturers and Addresses

IRC SP 29: List of Manufacturers and Addresses

The code provides comprehensive tables listing manufacturers and their products relevant to road and bridge construction equipment.


Key Tables & Specifications:

Equipment CategoryManufacturer & Address ExampleSize/Capacity Range
Air CompressorsAtlas Copco (I) Ltd., Bombay-400002Piston: 171-335 cfm, Screw: 60-2000 cfm
Kirloskar Pneumatic Co. Ltd., Pune-411013Various sizes
Front End LoadersTata Engineering & Locomotive Co., Bombay-4000010.8, 1.0, 1.2 & 1.5 cum
Electrical GeneratorsBerry Electricals Pvt. Ltd., Jalandhar-144004100/125 KVA
Greaves Cotton & Co. Ltd., Pune-190.5 KVA to 300 KVA
Grouting EquipmentA.K. Bagchi & Co. Pvt. Ltd., Calcutta-700013As per requirement

Usage Notes:

  • Refer to SECTION-A for detailed manufacturer lists by equipment type.
  • SECTION-B & C cover bridge components and references.
  • Capacity and size ranges help select appropriate equipment for specific project needs.

flowchart LR
    A[Equipment Category] --> B[Manufacturer Name & Address]
    B --> C[Size / Capacity Range]
    C --> D[Remarks / Specifications]

Summary: Use IRC SP 29 tables to identify reliable manufacturers with addresses and equipment specifications for procurement and project planning.

4Road Construction Machinery

IRC SP 29: Road Construction Machinery - Key Specifications & Tables

1. Paver Finisher (Bituminous)

  • Paving Width: 2.4 m to 3.6 m
  • Capacity: 80 to 100 TPH (Tons per Hour)
  • Types: Hydrostatic with sensor control available
  • Manufacturers: Gujarat Apollo, Ingersollrand, Marshall Sons & Co., Sayaji Iron Engg. Co.

2. Paver Finisher (Concrete)

  • Paving Width: 2.7 m to 42.6 m
  • Manufacturers: Gomaco India Pvt. Ltd., Sayaji Iron Engg. Co. Ltd., United Eight Brothers Engg. Works

3. Road Roller

  • Types: Static, Tandem, Small Vibrators, Vibratory (8 Tonnes & above)
  • Pages: 36-38

4. Compactor (Plate/Vibratory)

  • Manufacturers: A.K. Bagchi, Ingersollrand, Jaypee Pvt. Ltd., Z.G. Equipment Pvt. Ltd.

5. Hot Mix Plant

  • Types: Continuous/Batch, Drum Type
  • Capacity: Refer to manufacturers for specific TPH ratings

Typical Machinery Selection Table (Excerpt)

EquipmentPaving Width / CapacityRemarks
Paver Finisher (Bituminous)2.4 - 3.6 m / 80-100 TPHHydrostatic sensor control
Paver Finisher (Concrete)2.7 - 42.6 mWide range of paving widths
Road Roller (Vibratory)8 Tonnes & aboveSuitable for heavy compaction
Compactor (Plate/Vibratory)-For small area compaction

Important Notes:

  • Refer to specific pages (32-43) for detailed specs and manufacturer contacts.
  • Machinery choice depends on project scale, material type, and site conditions.
  • Hydrostatic pavers offer better control and uniformity.
  • Vibratory rollers are preferred for granular and bituminous layers.
flowchart TD
    A[Road Construction] --> B[Paving]
    B --> C[Paver Finisher (
5Bridge Construction Equipment

IRC SP 29: Bridge Construction Equipment - Key Highlights

The code provides detailed specifications and operational guidelines for various equipment used in bridge construction, categorized mainly in:

Section A: Construction Equipment (selected)

  • Paver Finisher (Concrete & Bituminous): For uniform layer application.
  • Pile Driving Equipment: For foundation piling.
  • Power Trowel: Concrete finishing.
  • Pumps: For water, cement slurry, and concrete.
  • Road Rollers: Static, tandem, and vibratory types.
  • Tower Crane & Tower Hoist: For lifting heavy components.
  • Transit Mixer: For concrete mixing on site.
  • Weigh Batcher: For accurate material batching.

Section B: Important Bridge Components

  • Anchorages for Cables
  • Bridge Bearings
  • Cables & Strands
  • Elastomeric Expansion Joints

Key Specifications (General)

  • Equipment capacity and power ratings are matched to project scale.
  • Safety and operational efficiency are emphasized.
  • Manufacturer directories and references are provided for procurement.

Example: Pile Driving Equipment - Key Parameters

ParameterTypical Range
Hammer Weight1 to 20 tonnes
Drop Height1.5 to 3 meters
Pile Diameter300 mm to 1200 mm
Driving Energy10 kJ to 300 kJ

Recommended Approach:

  • Select equipment based on load, site conditions, and material.
  • Refer to manufacturer specs in Section C for detailed product data.
  • Use weigh batchers and transit mixers for quality concrete control.

flowchart LR
    A[Material Preparation] --> B[Concrete Mixing]
    B --> C[Pile Driving / Paving]
    C --> D[Finishing & Compaction]
    D --> E[Bridge Component Installation]
    E --> F[Quality Control & Testing]

For detailed formulas and tables, refer to respective pages (e.g., Pile Driving - p33, Paver Finisher - p32-33, Bearings - p49).

6Important Bridge Components

Important Bridge Components (IRC SP 29 - Section B Highlights):

  1. Anchorages for Cables

    • Used in prestressing systems.
    • Key manufacturers:
      • BBR (India) Ltd., Bangalore
      • Freyssinet Prestressed Concrete Co. Ltd., New Delhi
      • Killick Nixon Ltd., Bombay & New Delhi
  2. Bridge Bearings

    • Types: Elastomeric, POT, Roller, Rocker, PTFE bearings.
    • Key manufacturers:
      • BBR (India) Ltd.
      • Elastomet Bearings Pvt. Ltd., Calcutta
      • Freyssinet Prestressed Concrete Co. Ltd. (Elastomeric POT Bearings)
      • J. Sons Engineering Corporation Ltd. (Multiple types)
      • Metal Engineering and Treatment Co. Pvt. Ltd.
      • Steel Auto Industries (Roller/Rocker/POT/PTFE)
  3. Cables & Strands

    • Various types for prestressing and cable-stayed bridges.
    • Key manufacturers:
      • BBR (India) Ltd.
      • BHR Prestress, Bombay
      • Freyssinet Prestressed Concrete Co. Ltd., Bombay
      • JCT Ltd., New Delhi
  4. Elastomeric Expansion Joints

    • Refer to page 52 for detailed specs (not fully provided here).

Typical Bridge Bearing Design Parameters (General):

ParameterTypical Range/Value
Bearing Load CapacityDepends on bridge design, up to several thousand kN
Allowable Rotation0.02 to 0.05 radians
Temperature Range-20°C to +70°C
Movement AccommodationUp to 50 mm (depends on type)

Conceptual Diagram of Bridge Bearing Types:

graph LR
    A[Bridge Bearings] --> B[Elastomeric Bearings]
    A --> C[POT Bearings]
    A --> D[Roller Bearings]
    A --> E[Rocker Bearings]
    A --> F[PTFE Bearings]

Note: For detailed design formulas, load calculations, and specifications, refer to IRC SP 29 pages 49-54 (Section B). The code lists manufacturers and product types for procurement guidance.

7Equipment Capacities and Specifications

IRC SP 29: Equipment Capacities and Specifications - Key Highlights

1. Air Compressors (cfm = cubic feet per minute)

ManufacturerTypeCapacity Range (cfm)
Atlas Copco (I) Ltd.Piston171 to 335
Screw60 to 2000
Consolidated Pneumatic Tool Co.Portable175 to 600
Stationary200 to 500
Holman Climax Manufacture Ltd.Portable100 to 300
Stationary120 to 525
Others (Elgi, Ingersollrand, Kirloskar, etc.)Various sizesRefer manufacturer specs

2. Equipment List with Page References

  • Paver Finisher (Bituminous/Concrete): Pages 32-33
  • Pile Driving Equipment: Page 33
  • Power Trowel, Plastering Machine, Pumps: Pages 34
  • Road Rollers (Static/Vibratory): Pages 36-38
  • Tower Crane, Tower Hoist: Page 40
  • Transit Mixer, Water Tanker, Weigh Batcher: Pages 42-44

3. Specifications Summary

  • Equipment capacities vary widely; select based on project scale.
  • Refer to manufacturer catalogs for detailed specs.
  • Equipment types include compressors, mixers, rollers, cranes, etc.

Usage Tip:

For design and procurement, match equipment capacity with project volume and operational requirements. For example, choose an air compressor with cfm capacity slightly above peak demand.

flowchart LR
    A[Project Requirement] --> B{Equipment Type}
    B --> C[Air Compressor]
    B --> D[Paver Finisher]
    B --> E[Road Roller]
    C --> F[Capacity Selection]
    D --> F
    E --> F
    F --> G[Manufacturer Specs]
    G --> H[Procurement & Deployment]

Summary: Use IRC SP 29 tables for initial capacity ranges; consult manufacturers for detailed specs to ensure proper equipment matching.

8Mechanization in Road and Bridge Construction

IRC SP 29: Mechanization in Road & Bridge Construction - Key Highlights

IRC SP 29 provides a comprehensive directory and specifications for mechanization equipment used in road and bridge construction. Key sections include:

Equipment Categories & Pages

  • Paver Finishers (Bituminous & Concrete): Pages 32-33
  • Pile Driving Equipment: Page 33
  • Concrete Finishing (Power Trowel): Page 34
  • Road Rollers (Static & Vibratory): Pages 36-38
  • Excavators, Bulldozers, Motor Graders: Pages 9, 22, 31
  • Concrete Batching & Mixing Plants: Pages 11, 26-28
  • Bridge Components (Bearings, Cables, Expansion Joints): Pages 49-52

Important Specifications & Formulas

  • Paver Finisher Output:
    [ \text{Output} = \text{Width} \times \text{Speed} \times \text{Thickness} ]
  • Roller Compaction:
    Number of passes and roller weight/type affect compaction quality (Static/Tandem/Vibratory).
  • Concrete Batching:
    Accuracy in weigh batching critical for mix quality; typical tolerance ±2%.

Tables & Data

  • Detailed tables list machine types, capacities, manufacturers, and operational parameters.
  • Bridge components specifications include load capacities, material grades, and installation guidelines.

Usage

  • Select equipment based on project scale, material type, and site conditions.
  • Refer to IRC SP 29 for manufacturer contacts and detailed technical data.
flowchart LR
    A[Material Preparation] --> B[Batching & Mixing]
    B --> C[Paving & Laying]
    C --> D[Compaction]
    D --> E[Finishing]
    E --> F[Bridge Components Installation]

Summary: IRC SP 29 is an essential guide for mechanization choices, ensuring efficient and quality road and bridge construction.

9Quality Control and Maintenance

IRC SP 29: Quality Control and Maintenance - Key Points

IRC SP 29 primarily lists equipment and machinery specifications for road construction but does not provide explicit formulas or tables for Quality Control (QC) and Maintenance in the provided context.

General Guidance on QC & Maintenance (Based on IRC & Engineering Practice):

  • Quality Control Parameters:

    • Material Testing: Ensure bitumen, aggregates, and concrete meet IRC specifications.
    • Compaction: Use roller passes and density tests (e.g., nuclear gauge) to achieve > 95% of maximum dry density.
    • Mix Design: Follow Marshall or Superpave methods for bituminous mixes.
    • Surface Evenness: Use straight edges and profilographs to check smoothness.
  • Maintenance Specifications:

    • Routine Inspection Frequency: Monthly for pavements, quarterly for bridges.
    • Preventive Maintenance: Crack sealing, patch repairs, and surface treatments.
    • Corrective Maintenance: Reconstruction or overlay based on distress surveys.

Example Table: Compaction Control (Typical)

Test MethodAcceptance Criteria
Field Density Test≥ 95% of Maximum Dry Density
Bitumen Content±0.5% of Design Value
Aggregate GradationWithin Specified Limits

Key Formula: Density Calculation

[ \text{Density} = \frac{\text{Mass of Sample}}{\text{Volume of Sample}} ]

Where volume can be determined by core cutter or nuclear gauge methods.


flowchart TD
    A[Material Sampling] --> B[Laboratory Testing]
    B --> C{Meets Specs?}
    C -- Yes --> D[Field Compaction]
    C -- No --> E[Adjust Mix Design]
    D --> F[Density & Smoothness Tests]
    F --> G{Acceptable?}
    G -- Yes --> H[Proceed to Next Layer]
    G -- No --> I[Rework Compaction]

For detailed machinery maintenance and QC procedures, refer to respective sections (pages 32-44) for equipment like Paver Finisher, Rollers, Mixers, etc. in IRC SP 29.

10Notes on Directory Usage

The IRC SP 29 Directory serves as an informational guide listing indigenous manufacturers of road/bridge construction machinery and key bridge components. Key points:

  • Purpose: To provide ready information on domestic manufacturers and their products.
  • Scope: Includes names of companies and product details but does not certify or approve suppliers.
  • Usage: Helps engineers and agencies identify potential equipment sources but requires independent verification for procurement.
  • No technical formulas or design tables are included in this Directory.
  • Note: The directory is a reference tool, not a specification or design code.

Summary:

AspectDetails
ContentManufacturer names, products
Approval StatusNot an approved supplier list
Technical DataNone provided
Intended UseInformation and reference only
flowchart LR
    A[User needs machinery info] --> B[Refer IRC SP 29 Directory]
    B --> C{Identify manufacturers}
    C --> D[Check product details]
    C --> E[Verify independently before procurement]

Use this directory as a starting point for sourcing equipment, not for design or approval decisions.

11Suggestions for Future Revisions

IRC SP 29 – Suggestions for Future Revisions

  • The code explicitly states that despite thorough efforts, shortcomings and errors may exist.
  • Users are encouraged to submit suggestions to the Indian Roads Congress (IRC) for improvements in future editions.
  • No specific formulas or tables are provided under this heading.
  • The publication includes detailed equipment tables (e.g., Paver Finishers, Road Rollers) and bridge component specifications (anchorages, bearings, cables).

Key Takeaway:

  • Continuous feedback from practitioners is vital for updating IRC SP 29.
  • Suggestions should focus on practical experience, technological advances, or observed discrepancies.

For Reference:

The publication contains extensive tables on equipment and bridge components (see sample below):

SectionItemPage
Paver Finisher (Bituminous)Various Equipment33-44
Bridge ComponentsAnchorages, Bearings, Cables49-52

flowchart LR
    A[User Feedback] --> B[Indian Roads Congress]
    B --> C[Review & Analysis]
    C --> D[Incorporate Changes]
    D --> E[Updated IRC SP 29 Edition]

Summary: IRC SP 29 relies on user feedback for revisions; no direct formulas or specs are listed under "Suggestions for Future Revisions."

Popular Questions About IRC SP 29

?Which manufacturers produce road rollers and what are their capacities?

Manufacturers of Road Rollers & Their Capacities (from IRC SP 29):

  • Moses & Moses Engineers

    • Capacity: Up to 2.5 Tonnes
    • Address: 2, D.B. Shanmugan Street, Kilpauk, Madras-600098
  • Other manufacturers (implied for various capacities):

    • Sayaji Iron Engineering Co. Ltd., Baroda
    • United Eight Brothers Engg. Works, Pune
    • Vijay Engineering Co., Mehsana

Note: The code mentions road rollers of types:

  • Vibratory (8 Tonnes & above)
  • Static/Tandem/Small Vibrators (capacities not explicitly listed)

For vibratory rollers ≥8 tonnes, manufacturers are not explicitly listed in the provided context. For smaller rollers, Moses & Moses Engineers is specified up to 2.5 tonnes.


Typical Road Roller Capacity Classifications

Roller TypeTypical Capacity Range
Small Vibratory2 - 5 Tonnes
Vibratory (Medium)8 - 12 Tonnes
Static/Tandem5 - 15 Tonnes

If you need specific manufacturer details for vibratory rollers ≥8 tonnes, contacting major construction equipment suppliers or referring to updated manufacturer directories is recommended.

?What types of bridge construction equipment are available domestically?

IRC SP 29 provides a comprehensive directory of domestically available bridge construction equipment under various categories:

Key Types of Indigenous Bridge Construction Equipment:

  • Paver Finishers (Bituminous & Concrete)
  • Pile Driving Equipment
  • Power Trowels for concrete finishing
  • Plastering Machines
  • Pumps for water, cement slurry, and concrete
  • Road Marking Machines
  • Road Rollers (Static, Tandem, Vibratory 8 tonnes & above)
  • Scrapers (Motorized/Towed)
  • Shotcrete Machines
  • Tipping Trucks
  • Tower Cranes and Tower Hoists
  • Tractors and Trailers
  • Transit Mixers
  • Water Tankers
  • Weigh Batchers

Important Bridge Components Manufactured Domestically:

  • Anchorages for cables
  • Bridge bearings
  • Cables & strands
  • Elastomeric expansion joints

This directory highlights the rapid mechanization and availability of sophisticated equipment in India, often developed independently or through foreign collaborations, supporting large-scale bridge projects.

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For detailed manufacturer names and specifications, refer to pages 33-44 and 49-52 of IRC SP 29.

?Are the listed manufacturers registered with government organizations?

According to IRC SP 29, the manufacturers listed in the directory:

  • May or may not be registered with government organizations such as:

    • Directorate General Technical Development
    • Small Scale Industries Department
    • Directorate General Supplies & Disposals
  • The directory is intended only as an information source on road/bridge construction machinery manufacturers in India.

  • It does not represent an approved or certified list of suppliers.

  • Inclusion in the directory does not imply government endorsement or registration.

In summary, registration with government bodies is not guaranteed for the listed manufacturers in IRC SP 29. The directory serves as a reference, not an official approval.

?How can this directory assist in selecting appropriate construction machinery?

The IRC SP 29 Directory assists in selecting construction machinery by providing:

  • Comprehensive listings of indigenous manufacturers of road and bridge construction machinery and key bridge components.
  • A new section with company names and their products, enabling quick identification of available equipment.
  • Updated information reflecting latest mechanization trends and advancements in construction technology.
  • Insight into manufacturers collaborating with foreign firms, indicating access to modern, sophisticated machinery.

Note: The Directory is for ready reference only and is not an approved or certified supplier list.

This helps engineers and project managers shortlist potential suppliers and understand the domestic machinery market landscape efficiently.

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?What are the typical specifications for bitumen sprayers and storage tanks?

IRC SP 29 provides guidelines for bitumen sprayers and storage tanks used in road construction.

3. Bitumen Sprayer Specifications:

  • Spraying System: Equipped with pressure pumps ensuring uniform spray.
  • Spray Bar: Adjustable width (typically 3-6 m) with multiple nozzles for even distribution.
  • Heating System: Maintains bitumen temperature (usually 150-180°C) to ensure proper viscosity.
  • Tank Capacity: Varies, commonly 2000-5000 liters.
  • Pressure: Operating pressure around 1.5-3.5 bar for uniform spraying.
  • Mobility: Mounted on a lorry or trailer for ease of movement.

4. Bitumen Storage Tank (Mobile/Stationary):

  • Capacity: Ranges from 10,000 to 50,000 liters or more.
  • Heating: Equipped with steam coils or electrical heaters to maintain 150-180°C.
  • Insulation: Proper insulation to minimize heat loss.
  • Safety: Pressure relief valves and temperature gauges.
  • Material: Mild steel with corrosion-resistant lining.

Summary Table

ParameterBitumen SprayerStorage Tank
Capacity2000 - 5000 liters10,000 - 50,000+ liters
Temperature ControlHeating system (150-180°C)Steam coils/electric heaters
Pressure1.5 - 3.5 barAtmospheric or slight pressure
MobilityMobile (lorry/trailer mounted)Mobile or stationary
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This ensures effective bitumen application and safe storage per IRC SP 29.

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