Grading rules for unsplit canes
2004 Edition

Overview of IS 15456 Scope

• Scope Details: This standard pertains to timber technology and usage, referencing terminology from IS 707 (Timber Glossary) and IS 15458.

• Rounding Conventions:

  • Numerical rounding is done in accordance with IS 2:1960.
  • The number of significant digits in rounded figures matches the original specified values.

• Referenced Standards:

  • IS 707:1976 – Timber terminology glossary.
  • IS 15458 – Supplementary timber definitions.

Summary Table:

This section establishes the foundational framework for the standard's application without including explicit formulas or tables.

flowchart LR
    A[IS 15456 Scope] --> B[Use Definitions from IS 707 & IS 15458]
    A --> C[Apply Rounding per IS 2:1960]
    A --> D[Focus on Timber Tech & Utilization]

Key References in IS 15456

• IS 15456 integrates other Indian Standards as essential references:

  • IS 2:1960 – Guidelines for numerical rounding.
  • IS 707:1976 – Glossary for timber-related terms.
  • IS 15458 – Additional definitions pertinent to timber.

• Rounding Procedure: Final results from tests or analyses must be rounded to maintain the same significant digits as the standard's specified values.

• Terminology: Definitions used are consistent with IS 707 and IS 15458 to ensure clarity and uniform understanding.

Summary Table of Referenced Codes

These references ensure consistent interpretation and application of IS 15456.

Summary of Definitions in IS 15456

• Source of Terms:

  • IS 707:1976 provides the glossary for timber technology and usage.
  • IS 15458 offers related timber standards definitions.

• Rounding Rules: Numerical results should be rounded according to IS 2:1960, maintaining the same number of significant figures as specified.

• Referenced Standards: Users should refer to the latest editions of IS 707 and IS 15458 for precise definitions.

Key Terms from IS 707 (Summary):

Example of Rounding (IS 2:1960):

flowchart LR
    A[IS 15456 Definitions] --> B[IS 707 Terminology]
    A --> C[IS 15458 Definitions]
    A --> D[IS 2 Rounding Rules]

In summary, IS 15456 depends on IS 707 and IS 15458 for terminology and IS 2 for rounding conventions.

Overview of General Provisions in IS 15456

• Referenced Standards: Compliance mandates adherence to:

  • IS 2:1960 (rounding rules)
  • IS 707 and IS 15458 (definitions and terminology)

• Rounding of Results: Test and calculation outcomes should be rounded to match the number of significant digits in the specified values, following IS 2:1960.

• Application Notes: Users must ensure they are consulting the latest versions of referenced standards.

Rounding Examples:

These provisions provide consistency and accuracy in interpreting the standard.

IS 15456 (2004) – Classification and Grading Criteria for Unsplit Canes

Specifications for Small Diameter Canes (Clause 5.1)

• Length (L):

  • Determined by purchaser's requirement.
  • Measured as the shortest distance between cane ends, in meters.
  • Rounded down to the closest 0.05 m.

• Diameter (D):

  • Must be less than 18 mm.
  • Measured at the midpoint of the internode near the smaller end.
  • Trading diameter ranges:
    • 2 to 6 mm
    • Over 6 to 11 mm
    • Over 11 to 17 mm

Diameter Classification Table:

Notes:

• Length rounding standardizes grading.
• Diameter at mid-internode avoids node swelling distortion.

flowchart LR
    A[Buyer Specifies Length] --> B[Measure Length (m)]
    B --> C[Round down to nearest 0.05 m]
    D[Measure Diameter mid-internode] --> E{Diameter Category}
    E -->|2-6 mm| F[Thin Canes]
    E -->|>6-11 mm| G[Medium Canes]
    E -->|>11-17 mm| H[Thick Canes]

This system ensures consistent trading and quality control of unsplit canes.

Measurement Guidelines for Cane Dimensions as per IS 15456

Length Measurement (Applicable to All Canes)

• Length is the shortest distance between the two ends of the cane measured in meters.
• Length is rounded down to the nearest 0.05 m.

Diameter Measurement

• Taken at the mid-internode of the smaller end of the cane.

Small Diameter Canes (Diameter <18 mm)

• Diameter classes for trade:
  • 2-6 mm

  • 6-11 mm

  • 11-17 mm

Large Diameter Canes (Diameter ≥18 mm)

• Minimum diameter: 18 mm
• Diameter tolerance: ±3 mm (allowance for scraping)
• Diameter classes for trade:

  • 40 mm

  • 35-40 mm
  • 30-35 mm
  • 25-30 mm
  • 20-25 mm
  • 18-20 mm

Summary Table:

flowchart TD
    A[Start with Cane] --> B[Measure Length]
    B --> C[Round down length to nearest 0.05 m]
    C --> D[Measure Diameter at mid-internode of smaller end]
    D --> E{Diameter less than 18 mm?}
    E -- Yes --> F[Classify as 2-6, >6-11, >11-17 mm]
    E -- No --> G[Classify as >40, 35-40, 30-35, 25-30, 20-25, 18-20 mm]

This process helps maintain grading consistency.

Permissible and Non-Permissible Defects as per IS 15456

Defects Not Allowed (Clause 5.3.1)

• Decay or rot
• Presence of wormholes
• Breaks or fractures
• Shakes (separations along grain)

Such defects are strictly disallowed in cane grading.

Allowed Defects

• Minor surface checking, slight warping, or small knots may be acceptable depending on grade and end-use, as detailed in IS 707 and IS 15458.

Additional Points

• Final test values should be rounded following IS 2:1960 norms.
• Consult IS 707 and IS 15458 for detailed defect limits and definitions.

Defect Overview Table:

flowchart LR
    A[Inspection] --> B{Type of Defect}
    B -->|Decay, Wormholes, Breakage, Shakes| C[Reject Cane]
    B -->|Knots, Surface Checks| D[Refer IS 707 & IS 15458]
    D --> E{Within Acceptable Limits?}
    E -->|Yes| F[Accept Cane]
    E -->|No| C

Refer to IS 707 and IS 15458 for comprehensive grading criteria.

While IS 15456 does not explicitly prescribe detailed inspection steps, standard practices and references to IS 2:1960 provide guidance:

Inspection Highlights

• Rounding Results: Test and analysis values must be rounded according to IS 2:1960, matching the significant figures of specified standard values.

• Referenced Procedures: Definitions and testing methods are aligned with IS 707 and IS 15458.

• Quality Norms: Follow general quality control and inspection procedures as outlined in IS 15456 and referenced standards.

Typical Inspection Checklist

flowchart TD
    A[Sampling] --> B[Visual Inspection]
    B --> C[Dimension Verification]
    C --> D[Mechanical Testing]
    D --> E[Apply Rounding Rules (IS 2:1960)]
    E --> F[Record and Report]

For formulas or detailed tables, refer to IS 707 and IS 15458.

IS 15456 Requirements for Packaging and Labeling

Packaging & Bundling (Clause 9)

• Canes are sorted by diameter and length grades, then bundled accordingly.
• Each bundle must bear clear markings including:
  • Trade or vernacular name
  • Botanical name
  • Diameter and length details
  • Source or origin
  • Number of canes per bundle
  • Supplier’s name and address
  • Date of supply

Inspection Notes (Clause 8)

• At least 10% of the lot is inspected randomly for uniformity and size.
• Small diameter canes receive anti-stain fungicide treatment.
• Large diameter canes are single-scraped and treated chemically.

Defect Limits by Grade (Clause 5.3.2)

Rounding Notes

• Test results are rounded as per IS 2:1960 maintaining significant digits.

flowchart TD
    A[Sorting & Bundling] --> B[Labeling]
    B --> C{Label Contents}
    C --> D[Trade Name]
    C --> E[Botanical Name]
    C --> F[Diameter & Length]
    C --> G[Origin/Source]
    C --> H[Number of Canes]
    C --> I[Supplier Info]
    C --> J[Supply Date]

These steps ensure traceability and adherence to quality standards.

Summary of Compliance and Quality Assurance in IS 15456

Numerical Rounding (IS 2:1960)

• Final test or analytical outcomes must be rounded to the significant figures specified by the standard.
• This practice ensures consistency in compliance reporting.

Defect Allowances (Clause 5.3.2)

Inspection Protocols (Clause 8)

• Individual examination of unsplit canes.
• Chemical treatment with anti-staining fungicides for small-diameter canes.
• Random inspection of at least 10% of each batch.
• Large-diameter canes undergo single scraping and fungicide application.

Packaging & Marking (Clause 9)

• Each bundle must be labeled with:
  • Trade/vernacular name
  • Botanical name
  • Diameter and length
  • Source/origin
  • Number of canes
  • Supplier details
  • Date of supply

Visual Summary: Defect Grading

graph TD
    A