The 2011 edition of IS 707 presents a detailed glossary covering terminology related to timber technology and the use of wood, bamboo, and cane. It serves as a vital reference for professionals in forestry, wood processing, and related fields by standardizing technical vocabulary to ensure clarity across the sector. This facilitates accurate interpretation of terms by engineers, architects, and researchers working with wood-based materials and products.
Overview
The 2011 edition of IS 707 presents a detailed glossary covering terminology related to timber technology and the use of wood, bamboo, and cane. It serves as a vital reference for professionals in forestry, wood processing, and related fields by standardizing technical vocabulary to ensure clarity across the sector. This facilitates accurate interpretation of terms by engineers, architects, and researchers working with wood-based materials and products.
Audience
Contents
Structure
IS 707 outlines terminology relevant to timber technology and utilization excluding botanical and purely scientific terms. It references IS 1708 for testing methods of small timber specimens and defines key terms such as 'Forming' and 'Spread of Adhesive' which quantifies adhesive application area per 0.5 kg of prepared mixture.
Key aspects include focus on timber specimen evaluation and adhesive application standards. Users should consult the latest IS 1708 for updated testing protocols.
This section serves as a glossary defining essential timber-related terms including commercial timber, seasoning, knots, grain, sapwood, and heartwood. It emphasizes understanding moisture content, density, modulus of elasticity, and allowable stress values, which are crucial for timber quality assessment. IS 707 provides terminology only, directing users to IS 1708, IS 287, and IS 883 for detailed formulas and grading.
Definitions cover engineered wood panels such as plywood, blockboard, flush doors, laminated veneer lumber (LVL), particle boards, and fibreboards. The manufacturing process involves bonding wood elements using heat, pressure, and organic adhesives or inherent binders. Thickness, density, bond strength, and moisture content are noted as key properties with IS 1708 referenced for testing standards.
Provides standardized definitions of bamboo and cane anatomy and usage. Terms include culm, node, internode, and rattan, describing structural characteristics and material properties. Bamboo is characterized by hollow segmented stems while cane is solid and flexible, commonly used in furniture and handicrafts. IS 707 focuses on terminology without design formulas, referring to IS 15978 for structural design.
Defines pulp as fibrous material derived from wood, lignocellulosic sources, or waste paper, processed mechanically or chemically. It distinguishes types such as soda pulp, sulphate (kraft) pulp, dissolving pulp, and pulp from non-wood fibers, describing their chemical cooking methods and bleaching status. The section aligns pulp classification with IS 707 terminology.
Key terms include cutting speed (velocity of timber removal), cutter head speed (rpm), feed rate (material advancement rate), and cutting angle (angle influencing chip formation and surface finish). Relationships between these parameters affect machining efficiency, tool life, and surface quality, as defined in IS 707.
Defines moisture content calculation using wet and oven-dry mass, equilibrium moisture content (EMC) under constant environmental conditions, moisture gradient within timber, and fibre saturation point (FSP) where cell walls are saturated but free water is absent. These factors significantly influence timber strength, shrinkage, and dimensional stability.
Describes defects as irregularities diminishing wood's strength, appearance, or usability, including knots, shakes, checks, splits, wane, decay, and insect damage. It underscores visual inspection and standardized testing per IS 1708, with strength reduction formulas accounting for defect severity to ensure safety in applications.
Explains adhesives as substances bonding surfaces, with definitions for bonds, closed contact adhesives (minimal glue line thickness), and adhesive spread area quantified per 0.5 kg of prepared mixture. Proper adhesive application involves achieving close contact and correct pressure to ensure strong, durable bonds.
Clarifies volume void as spaces within wood not occupied by substance such as pores or cracks. Defines timber ton as a volumetric unit equating to 1.42 cubic meters. Lumber is described as timber processed by conversion methods like sawing or hewing. These measurements aid in trade, inventory, and density calculations.
Defines flame retardants reducing flame spread, fireproofing treatments imparting fire resistance, preservatives protecting against fungi, termites, and marine borers, and preservation processes enhancing durability. Treatment methods include pressure impregnation and surface coating with chemicals like copper chrome arsenate or borates, referenced alongside IS 307 and IS 550.
Highlights that IS 707 functions solely as a terminology reference without formulas or tables. It is updated periodically to include new terms in timber, bamboo, and cane technology. Usage is recommended prior to applying design standards such as IS 875, IS 456, IS 883, and IS 401 for structural engineering and strength data.
Frequently Asked
Per IS 707 (2011), a timber defect is defined as any irregularity or abnormality that reduces wood's strength, appearance, or usability, thus lowering its technical quality or commercial value. Typical defects include knots (embedded branch sections), shakes (grain cracks from growth stress), checks (surface cracks from drying), splits (cracks extending through thickness), wane (presence of bark or missing wood on edges), decay (fungal degradation), and insect damage (holes or tunnels weakening the wood). These defects adversely affect mechanical performance and aesthetics, and IS 1708 provides detailed classification and testing methods.
IS 707 identifies wood-based panels as engineered products manufactured from solid wood, veneers, strands, particles, or fibers, bonded with organic or inherent adhesives, often using heat and pressure. Types include plywood (thin glued veneers), blockboard (core of wooden strips between veneers), flush doors (core panels faced with veneers), laminated veneer lumber (LVL) formed from bonded veneers, particle boards made from wood particles and resin, fibreboards made from wood fibers, and cement bonded panels combining wood particles with cementitious binders. Each type varies in raw materials and bonding methods tailored for structural or decorative applications.
IS 707 offers a comprehensive glossary covering bamboo and cane anatomy and usage. Key terms include 'culm' referring to the hollow, segmented bamboo stem; 'nodes' which are the solid joints; 'internodes' the hollow segments between nodes; and 'sheath' as the protective outer covering. For cane, terms include 'rattan' denoting climbing palms with solid, flexible stems used in furniture and handicrafts. These definitions help standardize understanding for those working with bamboo and cane in construction and manufacturing contexts.
IS 707 defines moisture content as the percentage ratio of the mass of water in wood to its oven-dry mass. 'Green timber' refers to freshly cut wood with moisture content above the fibre saturation point (FSP), where cell walls are saturated but no free water exists. The 'equilibrium moisture content' (EMC) is the moisture level wood attains in a steady environment with constant temperature and humidity, influencing dimensional stability. Above FSP, timber's strength and shrinkage remain largely unchanged; below FSP, strength increases and shrinkage occurs as moisture decreases.
According to IS 707, adhesives are substances that bond materials by surface attachment. 'Bonding' refers to the process of uniting wood or veneers using adhesives over the entire contact area. 'Gap filling adhesives' are designed for joints where surfaces are not in close contact due to machining tolerances or limited pressure application. 'Binders' are organic materials used to hold timber components together. This classification assists in selecting appropriate adhesive types based on joint conditions and material compatibility.
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